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Simplest tasks used in intelligence testing
An elementary cognitive task (ECT) is any of a range of basic tasks which require only a small number of mental processes and which have easily specified
Elementary_cognitive_task
Study of processing speed on cognitive tasks
and an individual's response on elementary cognitive tasks (ECTs), which are relatively simple perceptual-motor tasks typically administered in a laboratory
Mental_chronometry
Ability to switch thinking about two concepts
measuring cognitive flexibility include the A-not-B task, the Dimensional Change Card Sorting Task, the Multiple Classification Card Sorting Task, the Wisconsin
Cognitive_flexibility
Psychometric factor also known as "general intelligence"
investigations of cognitive abilities and human intelligence. It is a variable that summarizes positive correlations among different cognitive tasks, reflecting
G_factor_(psychometrics)
Topics referred to by the same term
chondromyxoid tumor Electrochemotherapy Electroconvulsive therapy Elementary cognitive task Emission computed tomography Expectation confirmation theory Eternal
ECT
Framework for scoring a behavior's complexity
such as verbal reasoning or other cognitive tasks. It quantifies the order of hierarchical complexity of a task based on mathematical principles of
Model of hierarchical complexity
Model_of_hierarchical_complexity
Test in the study of deductive reasoning
— from Wadsworth CogLab 2.0 Cognitive Psychology Online Laboratory Archived 2014-05-27 at the Wayback Machine Elementary My Dear Wason – interactive version
Wason_selection_task
Human capacity or ability to acquire, apprehend and apply knowledge
Detterman, D.K.; Andrist, C.G. (1990). "Effect of instructions on elementary cognitive tasks sensitive to individual differences". American Journal of Psychology
Human_intelligence
Interdisciplinary scientific study of cognitive processes
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition
Cognitive_science
1998 book by Arthur Jensen
neurophysiological substrate of mental growth. It reviews the evidence that elementary cognitive tasks (ECTs) are correlated with g. It argues that the ECT research
The g Factor: The Science of Mental Ability
The_g_Factor:_The_Science_of_Mental_Ability
Theory that discusses human intelligence from an epistemological perspective
Piaget's theory of cognitive development, or his genetic epistemology, is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence
Piaget's theory of cognitive development
Piaget's_theory_of_cognitive_development
Psychological focus, perception and prioritising discrete information
conceptualized in different ways. In cognitive psychology, attention is often described as the allocation of limited cognitive processing resources to a subset
Attention
Ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others
measurement (self-report versus clinical checklist) or theory of mind task type (cognitive versus affective). This study used past studies to show that there
Theory_of_mind
Processing of natural language by a computer
the long-standing series of CoNLL Shared Tasks can be observed: Interest in increasingly abstract, "cognitive" aspects of natural language (1999–2001:
Natural_language_processing
Psychological learning theory computer program
EPAM (Elementary Perceiver and Memorizer) is a psychological theory of learning and memory implemented as a computer program. Originally designed by Herbert
EPAM
Field of study in neuroscience and psychology
Cognitive development is a field of study in neuroscience and psychology focusing on a child's development in terms of information processing, conceptual
Cognitive_development
Self-awareness about thinking, higher-order thinking skills
skill in cognitive regulation; it involves focusing cognitive resources on relevant information. Similarly, maintaining motivation to see a task to completion
Metacognition
Scottish psychologist (born 1954)
several studies into the relationship between intelligence and elementary cognitive tasks such as reaction time and inspection time, and has investigated
Ian_Deary
Technique of inquiry-based learning
misconceptions, or be confusing or frustrating to the learner. Research shows that cognitive demands required for discovery in young children may hinder learning as
Discovery_learning
Speech spoken to oneself
reported high levels of private speech, particularly when engaged in tasks with cognitive, mnemonic, and attentional components. This suggests that private
Private_speech
Deceptive behavior in children
children performed tasks that tested their cognitive abilities for 5 different executive functioning skills. For every correct task the children performed
Child_lying
Theories in cognitive psychology
Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development criticize and build upon Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development. The neo-Piagetian theories aim
Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development
Neo-Piagetian_theories_of_cognitive_development
Diminishing returns over time
The first stage of the plateau effect is the cognitive stage which means “You’re intellectualizing the task and discovering new strategies to accomplish
Plateau_effect
Psychological term for one's need for an answer to something
Closure or need for closure (NFC), used interchangeably with need for cognitive closure (NFCC), are social psychological terms that describe an individual's
Closure_(psychology)
Psychology concept
main concept in social cognitive theory is that an individual's actions and reactions, including social behaviors and cognitive processes, in almost every
Self-efficacy
Neurological symptom of lack of will or initiative
physical or cognitive rehabilitation for cognitive and sensorimotor loss, or ensuring optimal hearing, vision, and speech. These elementary steps also
Abulia
Specialized model for human-computer interaction observation
are elementary perceptual, motor or cognitive acts, whose execution is necessary to change any aspect of the user's mental state or to affect the task environment
GOMS
Knowledge of how to perform a task
achieve the agent's goals. In cognitive psychology, procedural knowledge is the knowledge exercised in performing a task, and thus includes knowledge which
Procedural_knowledge
Social-cognitive motivational disposition
interprets and reacts to tasks, resulting in different patterns of cognition, affect and behavior. Developed within a social-cognitive framework, the orientation
Goal_orientation
Cognitive specialization suggests that certain behaviors, often in the domain of social communication, are passed on to offspring and refined to be maximally
Cognitive_specialization
Perception or knowledge of something
"The awareness literature can be organized around three core concepts: cognitive awareness, which corresponds to the accurate and deep individual's understanding
Awareness
German cognitive training software
cognitive function, there is no evidence to show that NeuroNation or similar programs do so; at most they improve performance in the training tasks given
NeuroNation
American psychologist (1928–1971)
successively a research psychologist, senior psychologist, and head of the cognitive systems section. It was there that he also conducted the early work on
Frank_Rosenblatt
Branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning
processes from both cognitive and behavioral perspectives allows researchers to understand individual differences in intelligence and cognitive development,
Educational_psychology
Automated tutor
A cognitive tutor is a particular kind of intelligent tutoring system that utilizes a cognitive model to provide feedback to students as they are working
Cognitive_tutor
Concept that some difficulty can assist learning
A desirable difficulty is a learning task that requires a considerable but desirable amount of effort, thereby improving long-term performance. It is also
Desirable_difficulty
Anxiety or stress triggered by exams
the times prior to, during, and after those tasks. Some of the thoughts that individuals with high cognitive test anxiety are constantly dealing with are
Test_anxiety
Cognitive phenomenon in reading
In cognitive psychology, the missing letter effect refers to the finding that, when people are asked to consciously detect target letters while reading
Missing_letter_effect
American academic and Nobel Laureate (1916–2001)
whose work influenced the fields of computer science, economics, and cognitive psychology. His primary research interest was decision-making within organizations
Herbert_A._Simon
Adaptive expertise is a broad construct that encompasses a range of cognitive, motivational, and personality-related components, as well as habits of
Adaptive_expertise
Inability of the mind to avoid thinking unwanted thoughts or emotions
This theory explains the effects of increased cognitive load by emphasizing that where there is cognitive effort, the monitoring process may supplant the
Ironic_process_theory
Scientific study of brain processes related to music
music is the scientific study of brain-based mechanisms involved in the cognitive processes underlying music. These behaviours include music listening,
Neuroscience_of_music
Writing created by a person with a writing implement
stratified web of interconnected thought processes which relate different cognitive processes to each other in their function of writing in general, and this
Handwriting
Relative ability to learn a foreign language
conditions". Foreign language aptitude itself has been defined as a set of cognitive abilities which predicts L2 learning rate, or how fast learners can increase
Language-learning_aptitude
Time spent concentrating before being distracted
Attention span is the amount of time spent concentrating on a task before becoming distracted. Distractibility occurs when attention is uncontrollably
Attention_span
Swiss psychologist (1896–1980)
psychologist known for his work on child development. Piaget's theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together called genetic epistemology
Jean_Piaget
Aspect of decision and prospect theories
In cognitive science and behavioral economics, loss aversion is a cognitive bias in which the same situation is perceived as worse if it is framed as a
Loss_aversion
Theory of knowledge
originates from Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Constructivism in education is rooted in epistemology, a
Constructivism (philosophy of education)
Constructivism_(philosophy_of_education)
Capacity of a system for its users to perform tasks
subcategories below. Cognitive modeling involves creating a computational model to estimate how long it takes people to perform a given task. Models are based
Usability
Style of teaching
approach requires the teacher to initially take on all the responsibility for a task, transitioning in stages to the students assuming full independence in carrying
Gradual release of responsibility
Gradual_release_of_responsibility
Resistance of an immediate reward in return for a greater reward later
control of the cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS). Several factors can affect a person's ability to delay gratification. Cognitive strategies,
Delayed_gratification
First stage of education for children
secondary education. Primary education takes place in primary schools, elementary schools, or first schools and middle schools, depending on the location
Primary_education
Tendency for positive impressions to contaminate other evaluations
previous judgments of performance or personality;" in other words, it is a cognitive bias that can prevent people from forming an image based on the sum of
Halo_effect
Study of biological and neural mechanisma in behaviour
include the field of cognitive neuroscience, which emphasizes the biological processes underlying human cognition. Behavioral and cognitive neuroscience are
Behavioral_neuroscience
American psychologist (1929–2022)
Roger Newland Shepard (January 30, 1929 – May 30, 2022) was an American cognitive scientist and author of the "universal law of generalization" (introduced
Roger_Shepard
English cognitive psychologist (1935–2018)
1935 – 9 February 2018) was an English psychologist who specialised in cognitive psychology. Treisman researched visual attention, object perception, and
Anne_Treisman
Perceptual phenomenon
J.; Hubbard, E. M. (2006). "Variants of synaesthesia interact in cognitive tasks: Evidence for implicit associations and late connectivity in cross-talk
Ordinal linguistic personification
Ordinal_linguistic_personification
Rapid physical, psychological and social growth
behavioural, cognitive and emotional. Early childhood is the most intensive period of brain development in human life. Ensuing optimal cognitive development
Early_childhood_development
Largely debunked theories that aim to account for differences in individuals' learning
Thinking, Learning, and Cognitive Styles. In the 1980s, the National Association of Secondary School Principals (NASSP) formed a task force to study learning
Learning_styles
Educational strategy
set goals and plan how to accomplish the task. Several goals may be set concerning explicit behaviors, cognitive engagement, and motivation changes. The
Self-regulated_learning
Fundamental unit of cognition
objects. They act as the meanings of words and play a central role in many cognitive processes, including perception, memory, and reasoning. Researchers distinguish
Concept
Learning theory involving the construction of mental models
overall problem. An authentic task should be designed for the learner. This means that the task and the learner's cognitive ability have to match the problems
Constructionism (learning theory)
Constructionism_(learning_theory)
Cognitive psychology process
beginning to be applied in psychology, Miller observed that some human cognitive tasks fit the model of a channel capacity characterized by a roughly constant
Chunking_(psychology)
Swiss psychologist
interests focused on the mathematical modeling of complex cognitive activities by elementary modules. These modules consist of basic perceptual and attentional
Rudolf_Groner
Room designated for formal teaching
watching and taking notes. In lower elementary the classrooms are set up slightly different from upper elementary. In these classrooms there are tables
Classroom
Study of mental functions and behaviors
her research. She recorded both women's and men's performances on tasks (cognitive, perceptual, and motor) for three months. No evidence was found of
Psychology
Full immersion in an activity
during states of deep task engagement. This phenomenon, referred to as flow-induced analgesia, highlights the role of cognitive-emotional processes in
Flow_(psychology)
Hypothetical consciousness in artificial systems
insights from philosophy of mind, philosophy of artificial intelligence, cognitive science and neuroscience. The term "sentience" can be used when specifically
Artificial_consciousness
Term in educational psychology
concept attainment requires the following five categories: the definition of task; the nature of the examples encountered; the nature of validation procedures;
Concept_learning
Ability to read and understand text
words quickly and effortlessly. It is also determined by an individual's cognitive development, which is "the construction of thought processes". There are
Reading_comprehension
Development of memory in children
throughout the first 2 years of life; infants of this age show evidence of cognitive development in many ways (e.g., increased attention, language acquisition
Memory_development
French cognitive neuroscientist
Stanislas Dehaene (born 12 May 1965) is a French author and cognitive neuroscientist whose research centers on a number of topics, including numerical
Stanislas_Dehaene
Bias in which choices are influenced by the options' connotations
Framing effect is a cognitive bias where people's decisions change depending on how options or statements are framed, even when they are logically identical
Framing_effect_(psychology)
complex tasks. However, the idea of a macro-theory does not entail an analysis of the mechanistic materialistic kind which is predominant in cognitive psychology
Macrocognition
Cognitive Load Theory have been suggested to harvest the potential advantages of embodied interaction modes for learning without filling up cognitive
Embodied_design
Modern elementary mathematics is the theory and practice of teaching elementary mathematics according to contemporary research and thinking about learning
Modern_elementary_mathematics
Strategies for composition and decomposition
These terms are also employed in cognitive sciences including neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience and cognitive psychology to discuss the flow of information
Bottom-up and top-down approaches
Bottom-up_and_top-down_approaches
child develops their language abilities through their innate and natural cognitive abilities in their mind, allowing them to learn languages. This inborn
Developmental_linguistics
Learning theory
in World 3. Knowledge building refers to the process of creating new cognitive artifacts as a result of common goals, group discussions, and synthesis
Knowledge_building
American neuroscientist (1916–2007)
had a brother, Meyer, and a sister, Dorothy. Libet attended a public elementary school and John Marshall High School. In 1939, Libet graduated from the
Benjamin_Libet
Social psychology phenomenon
smaller reward compared to a larger reward. The larger reward minimizes the cognitive dissonance generated by acting in contradiction to one's beliefs because
Insufficient_justification
Retrieval of events or information from the past
functions of elementary school students. Their results found that children who ate breakfast at school scored notably higher on most of the cognitive tests than
Recall_(memory)
Expression of positive recognition, reassurance or admiration
praise as a positive reinforcement strategy, numerous behavioral and cognitive behavioral interventions have incorporated the use of praise in their
Praise
Statistical selection process
Measurement error: inaccurate reporting of the measure of interest due to cognitive difficulty in processing the survey request (e.g. difficulties of placing
Survey_sampling
Score from a test designed to assess intelligence
Scales, Woodcock–Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities, the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, the Cognitive Assessment System, and the Differential
Intelligence_quotient
processes movement is also the part that processes cognitive tasks. The link between movement and the cognitive development has been proven as early as the 1960s
Movement_in_learning
American neuroscientist
neural bases of executive functioning and mental training using various cognitive neuroscience techniques. Past studies have focused on the method by which
Amishi_Jha
Primary education in the United States
keep and fix in their current curriculum. Elementary School teachers are trained with emphasis on human cognitive and psychological development and the principles
Elementary schools in the United States
Elementary_schools_in_the_United_States
Writing abilities developed during early years of life
enhancing children's writing development, primarily during the elementary years when cognitive skills transform into well structured writing. Research in
Writing_in_childhood
Systematic errors made when people evaluate their own and others' behaviors
In psychology, an attribution bias or attributional errors is a cognitive bias that refers to the systematic errors made when people evaluate or try to
Attribution_bias
Psychological theory
desirability of the outcome. However, at the core of the theory is the cognitive process of how an individual processes the different motivational elements
Expectancy_theory
Cognitive bias
In social psychology, illusory superiority is a cognitive bias wherein people overestimate their own qualities and abilities compared to others. Illusory
Illusory_superiority
Concept in psychology
Davis, K. D. (2007). "Interactions of pain intensity and cognitive load: the brain stays on task". Cerebral Cortex. 17 (6): 1412–1422. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl052
Emotional_self-regulation
Development of a mechanized state of mind
object in a functionally dissimilar context. It can also be deemed a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally
Einstellung_effect
Period in which a group of people are temporarily dismissed from their duties
(May 2017). THE EFFECT OF RECESS ON FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS' TIME ON-TASK IN AN ELEMENTARY CLASSROOM (PDF) (Thesis). The University of Mississippi. Hinson
Recess_(break)
American psychology professor
1977 study. Boykin AW. The role of cultural factors in school relevant cognitive functioning synthesis of findings on cultural contexts, cultural orientations
A._Wade_Boykin
memory has been studied since at least the early 19th century. Memory, the cognitive process of storing and retrieving past experiences, learning and recognition
Sleep_and_memory
Group intelligence that emerges from collective efforts
differences on cognitive tests. Afterwards, a more complex task was solved by each group to determine whether c factor scores predict performance on tasks beyond
Collective_intelligence
Learned ability to respond to the environment in a socially appropriate manner
with the world. Evolutionary psychologists have also hypothesized that cognitive immaturity may serve an adaptive purpose as a protective barrier for children
Maturity_(psychological)
Inability to use an object other than how it is traditionally used
Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person to use an object only in the way it is traditionally used. The concept of functional fixedness
Functional_fixedness
ELEMENTARY COGNITIVE-TASK
ELEMENTARY COGNITIVE-TASK
Male
English
Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Tasgall, TASKILL means "divine kettle."
Boy/Male
Indian
Peace
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Brave; A Lady who Accomplishes Difficult Tasks
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Perfect in Any Task
Boy/Male
Tamil
Siddharatha | ஸீதà¯à®¤à®¾à®°à®¤à®¾
For righteous task, Mission, Purpose
Siddharatha | ஸீதà¯à®¤à®¾à®°à®¤à®¾
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
For Righteous Task or Mission or Purpose
Boy/Male
Hindu
For righteous task, Mission, Purpose
Boy/Male
Tamil
Hanumadakshita | ஹநà¯à®‚மாஂதாகà¯à®·à¯€à®¤à®¾
Depends and trusts Hanuman to fulfil his task
Hanumadakshita | ஹநà¯à®‚மாஂதாகà¯à®·à¯€à®¤à®¾
Boy/Male
Hindu
Depends and trusts Hanuman to fulfil his task
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name, from Middle English bakere, Old English bæcere, a derivative of bacan ‘to bake’. It may have been used for someone whose special task in the kitchen of a great house or castle was the baking of bread, but since most humbler households did their own baking in the Middle Ages, it may also have referred to the owner of a communal oven used by the whole village. The right to be in charge of this and exact money or loaves in return for its use was in many parts of the country a hereditary feudal privilege. Compare Miller. Less often the surname may have been acquired by someone noted for baking particularly fine bread or by a baker of pottery or bricks.Americanized form of cognates or equivalents in many other languages, for example German Bäcker, Becker; Dutch Bakker, Bakmann; French Boulanger. For other forms see Hanks and Hodges (1988).Baker was well established as an early immigrant family name in Puritan New England. Among others, two men called Remember Baker (father and son) lived at Woodbury, CT, in the early 17th century, and an Alexander Baker arrived in Boston, MA, in 1635.
Girl/Female
Indian, Marathi
Method; A Way to Perform a Task
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for someone who did piece-work (especially someone who threshed grain), from an agent derivative of Anglo-Norman French tasque ‘task’ (Old French tasche, Late Latin taxa, of uncertain origin).Slovenian (Tašker) : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Peace
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for the holder of any office, from Anglo-Norman French officer (an agent derivative of Old French office ‘duty’, ‘service’, Latin officium ‘service’, ‘task’).English : occupational name for a sewer of gold embroidery, from Anglo-Norman French orfroiser (an agent derivative of Old French orfrois, Late Latin auriphyrigium ‘Phrygian gold’--the Phrygians being famed in antiquity for their gold embroidery).
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Courageous; One who Accomplishes Difficult Tasks; One who Appeals for Help Ties
Girl/Female
Muslim
Peace
Surname or Lastname
German
German : occupational name for a falconer, Middle High German vakenoere. In medieval times falconry was a sport practised only by the nobility; it was the task of the falconer to look after the birds and train young ones.English : variant spelling of Faulkner.Daniel Falckner (1666–c.1745), German Lutheran pastor and agent for the Frankfurt Land Company, founded the first German Lutheran congregation in America.
Girl/Female
Spanish
Task.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Brave; A Lady who Accomplishes Difficult Tasks
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Completing the Work; Finishing the Task
ELEMENTARY COGNITIVE-TASK
ELEMENTARY COGNITIVE-TASK
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
One who Wins the Love of God; God's Triumph
Girl/Female
American, British, English
Sparkling; K from the Greek Spelling of Krystallos
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Poisonous
Male
German
German form of Latin Nicolaus, NIKLAUS means "victor of the people."
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Deserving Praises
Girl/Female
German
Fortunate heroine.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Wine Cup
Boy/Male
Gaelic Scottish
Free man.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Goddess Lakshmi
Boy/Male
Hindu
Champion, Blue, Treasure, A mountain, Indigo, Sapphire
ELEMENTARY COGNITIVE-TASK
ELEMENTARY COGNITIVE-TASK
ELEMENTARY COGNITIVE-TASK
ELEMENTARY COGNITIVE-TASK
ELEMENTARY COGNITIVE-TASK
a.
Elementary; rudimental.
a.
Knowing, or apprehending by the understanding; as, cognitive power.
a.
Capable of being leased; held by tenants.
a.
Pertaining to one of the four elements, air, water, earth, fire.
a.
Pertaining to rudiments or first principles; rudimentary; elementary.
a.
Regulative.
n.
Previous cognition.
a.
Pertaining to, or treating of, the elements, rudiments, or first principles of anything; initial; rudimental; introductory; as, an elementary treatise.
a.
Elementary.
a.
Pertaining to the elements, first principles, and primary ingredients, or to the four supposed elements of the material world; as, elemental air.
n.
The doctrine of the elementary requisites of mere thought.
adv.
According to elements; literally; as, the words, "Take, eat; this is my body," elementally understood.
a.
Relating to hypostasis, or substance; hence, constitutive, or elementary.
n.
Elementariness.
a.
Pertaining to aliment or food, or to the function of nutrition; nutritious; alimental; as, alimentary substances.
v. t.
That which is known.
a.
Having only one principle or constituent part; consisting of a single element; simple; uncompounded; as, an elementary substance.
a.
Elementary.
n.
Unorganized material; elementary matter.
v. t.
The act of knowing; knowledge; perception.