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Topics referred to by the same term
Look up ergative in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The term ergative is used in grammar in three different meanings: Ergative case, the grammatical
Ergative
Pattern relating to the subject and object of verbs
differently from the agent of a transitive verb. In ergative–absolutive languages with grammatical case, the ergative case refers to the marking of agents of transitive
Ergative–absolutive_alignment
CGS unit of energy and mechanical work
erg = 10−7 J = 100 nJ 1 erg = 10−10 sn⋅m = 100 psn⋅m = 100 picosthène-metres 1 erg = 624.15 GeV = 6.2415×1011 eV 1 erg = 1 dyn⋅cm = 1 g⋅cm2/s2 1 erg =
Erg
Topics referred to by the same term
hazardous-materials (HAZMAT) reference book Erg (indoor rower) Erg (tug), a Canadian tug, sunk in Halifax Harbour in 1943 Ergative case This disambiguation page lists
Erg_(disambiguation)
Grammatical case
has "he" as the subject. But in languages that have ergative-absolutive alignment, the ergative case is used as the subject only in a transitive sentence
Ergative_case
Feature in the typology of certain languages
expressed in an ergative language, "Max" in the former and "Jane" in the latter would be parallel grammatically. Also, a different form (the ergative) would be
Split_ergativity
Type of morphosyntactic alignment in linguistic typology
transitive (in ergative languages). Thus, whereas in English, "she" in "she runs" patterns with "she" in "she finds it", and an ergative language would
Tripartite_alignment
Transport organelle in eukaroytes
The endoplasmic-reticulum–Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) is an organelle in eukaryotic cells. This compartment mediates transport between the
ERGIC
Grammatical relationship between arguments
and accusative cases. Basque is an ergative–absolutive system (or simply ergative). The name stemmed from the ergative and absolutive cases. S is said to
Morphosyntactic_alignment
Topics referred to by the same term
Ergs or ERGS may refer to: Erg, a unit of energy Electronic Route Guidance System Enniskillen Royal Grammar School, in Northern Ireland The Ergs!, an American
Ergs_(disambiguation)
Broad, flat area of desert in Morocco
Erg Chebbi (Arabic: عرق الشبي) is one of Morocco's several ergs – large seas of dunes formed by wind-blown sand. It is located on the far western edge
Erg_Chebbi
American punk band
The Ergs! are an American punk rock band formed in 2000 in South Amboy, New Jersey, by three high school friends: drummer/lead vocalist Mikey Erg (Mike
The_Ergs!
Grammatical concept
distinction drawn here between ergative and object-deletion verbs is based on the role of the subject. The object of a transitive ergative verb is the subject of
Object_(grammar)
Language of the Basque people
adoption from Spanish vaso); basóàk ('the forest', ergative case) vs. básoàk ('the glass', ergative case) vs. básoak ('the forests' or 'the glasses', absolutive
Basque_language
Country in North Africa
Landscape of the Erg Chebbi
Morocco
Moroccan erg
Erg Chigaga or Erg Chegaga (Arabic: عرق شقاق; Berber languages: ⴻⵔⴳ ⵛⴳⵉⴳⴰ) is the largest of the major ergs (dune seas) in Morocco. It is located in the
Erg_Chigaga
Grammatical case
grammar, the absolutive case (abbreviated abs) is the case of nouns in ergative–absolutive languages that would generally be the subjects of intransitive
Absolutive_case
Broad area of desert covered with wind-swept sand
An erg (also sand sea or dune sea, or sand sheet if it lacks dunes) is a broad, flat area of desert covered with wind-swept sand with little or no vegetative
Erg_(landform)
Type of morphosyntactic alignment in linguistic typology
and with ergative languages that generally align S as S = P/O; that is, there are two types of S in active-stative languages. In ergative languages,
Active–stative_alignment
Italian energy company
Erg S.p.A., acronym for Edoardo Raffinerie Garrone, is an Italian energy company founded in 1938 and based in Genoa, Italy. It produces wind and solar
Erg_(company)
Western Sahara) Erg Taokest Morocco Erg Chebbi Erg Chigaga Erg Znaigui Erg Tinfou Erg Ezzahar Erg Lihoudi Erg Mghiti Erg Smar Erg Jerboia Erg Zemoul Namibia
List_of_ergs
Mayan language spoken in Guatemala and Mexico
the extended ergative marker /t-/ in bold. Intransitive verb complex with extended ergative marking n-chi PROG-ABS.3.PL ooq' cry t-poon ERG.3.SG-arrive
Mam_language
Extinct ancient language of Mesopotamia
singular ergative subject was -m. A third person plural ergative subject was marked with the suffix -it-, which, however, unlike the other ergative endings
Hurrian_language
Mayan language spoken by the Kʼicheʼ people
their use of the ergative and absolutive agreement prefixes on verbs. Although three-year-old Kʼicheʼ speakers produce the ergative and absolutive person
Kʼicheʼ_language
Categorization of nouns and modifiers by function
object) of a transitive verb being in the accusative case. Ergative–absolutive (or simply ergative): The argument (subject) of an intransitive verb is in
Grammatical_case
Concept of sentence structure in linguistics
nominative–accusative and ergative–absolutive coding, a phenomenon called split ergativity. In fact, there are relatively few languages that exhibit only ergative–absolutive
Nominative–accusative alignment
Nominative–accusative_alignment
Protein-coding gene in humans
ERG (ETS-related gene) is an oncogene. ERG is a member of the ETS (erythroblast transformation-specific) family of transcription factors. The ERG gene
ERG_(gene)
Northwestern Iranian language
split-ergative case system: its present tense is structured to follow nominative-accusative patterning, while its past tense follows ergative-absolutive
Tati_language_(Iran)
Northeast Caucasian language
added to the Ergative): marks the object of some verbs to mean 'by', 'to', 'with'. Adelative case (ending -вай [-vaj]; added to the Ergative): expresses
Lezgian_language
Language family indigenous to the South Caucasus
namely ergative, nominative and dative. Although the term "ergative" is traditional, strictly speaking no Kartvelian language features ergative alignment
Kartvelian_languages
Language of the ancient Urartu, now the Eastern Anatolia region
Suffixaufnahme: e.g. Argište-šə Menua-ḫi-ne-šə 'Argišti (ergative), son of Menua (ergative)'. The plural form can also serve as a general plural marker
Urartian_language
Topics referred to by the same term
Erging may refer to: Ergyng, early medieval Welsh kingdom Indoor rower, type of indoor rower This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the
Erging
Inuit language spoken in Greenland
of the ergative case for possessors and the use of fourth person possessors. ex: Anda-p Anda-ERG illu-a house-3SG/POSS Anda-p illu-a Anda-ERG house-3SG/POSS
Greenlandic_language
Language family
Studies in Ergativity. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. p. 133. Van Valin Jr., Robert D. (1981). "Grammatical Relations in Ergative Languages"
Northeast_Caucasian_languages
American musician
Mikey Erg (real name Mike Yannich) (born February 7, 1980) is a punk rock drummer, guitarist, and vocalist, from New Jersey. He has played in numerous
Mikey_Erg
US manufacturer of rowing equipment and exercise machines
three other flywheel-based exercise machines: the SkiErg, the BikeErg for cycling, and the StrengthErg for strength training. In 2025, 100% of Concept2 ownership
Concept2
Words in Hindi that substitute for a noun or noun phrase
accusative and the dative). The oblique and ergative case is used with the case marking postpositions to form the ergative, accusative/dative, instrumental/ablative
Pronouns_in_Hindi
Feature of language
which is subject–verb–object (SVO). The term is often loosely used for ergative languages like Adyghe and Basque that in fact have agents instead of subjects
Subject–object–verb word order
Subject–object–verb_word_order
Country in North Africa
years. Farther inland, the rainfall is less plentiful. Algeria also has ergs, or sand dunes, between mountains. Among these, in the summer time when winds
Algeria
Lezgic language of southern Dagestan, Russia
Southern dialect, one of the official languages of Dagestan. Tabasaran is an ergative language. The verb system is relatively simple; verbs agree with the subject
Tabasaran_language
Dormant Northwest Caucasian language
singular absolutive /ɜ/ - 3rd singular dative /n/ - 3rd ergative /tʷ/ - to give a /ɐ/ - ergative plural /n/ - present tense However, some words may be as
Ubykh_language
Unit of energy
1044 joules or 1051 ergs, used to express the large amount of energy released by a supernova. An acronym for "[ten to the power of] fifty-one ergs", the term was
Foe_(unit)
Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
ergative (genitive), and oblique. Unlike English and Spanish (which are nominative–accusative languages) and Inuit and Basque (which are ergative–absolutive
Kapampangan_language
Language of the Yupik family
predominantly ergative alignment: case marking follows the ergative pattern for the most part, but verb agreement can follow an ergative or an accusative
Central_Alaskan_Yupʼik
Theory which further expands and explains "Maslow's hierarchy of needs"
The ERG theory is a theory of human need proposed by Clayton Alderfer, which developed Maslow's hierarchy of needs by categorizing needs relating to existence
ERG_theory
Verbs in the Hindi and Urdu languages
intentionally done. Ergative — these verbs require the subject to be in the ergative case when the verb is in the perfective aspect. Non-ergative — these verbs
Hindustani_verbs
Grammatical phenomenon in Austronesian
direct case form of the first person, singular pronoun is aku, whereas the ergative case form is ku. (1) Actor Voice K‹um›amang ‹AV›get aku 1SG.DIR sa OBL
Symmetrical_voice
Grammatical features of the Hindustani lingua franca
intentionally done. Ergative — these verbs can take in the ergative case (the subject can be in the ergative case). Non-ergative — these verbs cannot
Hindustani_grammar
Extinct language family
reflexive follows can ergative–absolutive pronoun sequence, it indicates that one indirectly affected is the same as the ergative. When it follows an absolutive–dative
Chinookan_languages
Verb that can be used transitively or intransitively
(following R. M. W. Dixon's usage), or "ergative", following Lyons's influential textbook from 1968. However, the term "ergative verb" has also been used for unaccusative
Labile_verb
Language syntax classification
marker denotes the ergative (in Class 1 languages, the "a" marker denotes the nominative and the "b" marker the accusative). Most ergative–absolutive languages
Milewski's_typology
Ancient meteorite discovered in the Erg Chech region of Algeria
Erg Chech 002 (EC 002) is an ancient andesite meteorite discovered in the Erg Chech region of the Sahara Desert in Algeria. The fall is believed to be
Erg_Chech_002
Language family of the Arctic and sub-Arctic
while subjects of transitive verbs are marked with the ergative case. Aleut is not an ergative–absolutive language. It does not matter if the verb is
Eskaleut_languages
but that term did not catch on. They have also been called anti-ergative languages and primary object languages. Ditransitive verbs have two arguments
Secundative_language
Northeastern Caucasian language
ergative, genitive, and dative, as well as a large series of location cases. All cases other than the absolutive (which is unmarked) and ergative take
Aghul_language
Structured system of communication
pronoun I. Some languages, called ergative, Gamilaraay among them, distinguish instead between Agents and Patients. In ergative languages, the single participant
Language
Exercise machine simulating watercraft rowing
as ergometers (colloquially erg or ergo) because they measure work performed by the rower (that can be measured in ergs). Indoor rowing has become established
Indoor_rower
2009 aviation accident in Melbourne, Australia
below 12,000 feet (3,700 m). The aircraft was an A340-500 registered A6-ERG. It was delivered to Emirates on November 30, 2004. The aircraft made its
Emirates_Flight_407
Extinct language family
the ergative suffixes and the absolutive clitics have merged into a single set of obligatory suffixes, that express the person of both the ergative and
Hurro-Urartian_languages
Grammatical case
and O and the oblique for A (an absolutive–ergative alignment). Because of this split (see split ergativity), neither "nominative" nor "absolutive" is
Direct_case
Type of morphosyntactic alignment
the auxiliary, and an ergative–absolutive embedded clause, headed by the lexical verb) as monoclausal, with the loss of the ergative. In the Cariban language
Nominative–absolutive alignment
Nominative–absolutive_alignment
Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since 2025
November 2024. Elgot, Jessica (14 April 2019). "David Lammy says comparing ERG to Nazis 'not strong enough'". The Guardian. Robertson, Adam (November 2023)
David_Lammy
Fairy from Scottish folklore
The Ly Erg is a fairy from Scottish folklore, particularly associated with the area in and around the Glenmore Forest, part of the present-day Cairngorms
Ly_Erg
One of the Norwegian language standards
not have strong ergative verbs, while all ergative verbs in Nynorsk have two different conjugations for all tenses like Swedish. Ergative verbs are also
Nynorsk
Personal pronoun that is used as the subject of a verb
language with an ergative-absolutive pattern usually has separate subject pronouns for transitive and intransitive verbs: an ergative case pronoun for
Subject_pronoun
Endangered Salishan language of the US
as in examples 1a and 1b before the non-topic ergative object -m and with the 2nd person plural ergative subject -p. The following examples are taken from
Coeur_d'Alene_language
Case specifying the use of the object form of pronouns
such as ergative–absolutive languages; in the Northwest Caucasian languages, for example, the oblique-case marker serves to mark the ergative, dative
Oblique_case
American TikToker, comedian, and singer
Grace, she joined musicians Matt Paton of Drive-By Truckers and Mikey Erg of The Ergs! to form the punk rock band the Mississippi Medicals. She was also
Paris_Campbell_Grace
Erg in Niger
The Erg of Bilma is a dune sea (Arabic: erg) in the Ténéré desert region of the south central Sahara Desert. The Erg of Bilma stretches southwest from
Erg_of_Bilma
Grammar of the Adyghe language
demonstrates this ergative–absolutive case marking system: Here, "table" has the absolutive case mark -р /-r/ while "man" has the ergative case mark -м /-m/
Adyghe_grammar
The Issaouane Erg (also called Issaouane-N-Irarraren) is an erg (sand sea) in Algeria's portion of the Sahara desert, covering an area of approximately
Issaouane_Erg
Important set of words in the Basque language
paradigms follow. Instead of the ergative suffixes, ergative prefixes are used to index first- or second-person ergative arguments if the tense is non-present
Basque_verbs
Grammar of the Kurdish language
Sorani Kurdish have a split-ergative system. Transitive verbs show nominative/accusative marking in the present tense, and ergative marking in the past tense
Kurdish_grammar
Former Italian oil company
venture between Total SA (49%) and Erg S.p.A. (51%). Founded in 2010, with its birth, all the previous Total and Erg service stations were replaced with
TotalErg
Concept in linguistics
ergative verbs) and passives, neither of which assign a subject theta role or accusative case. He describes the intransitive occurrence of ergative verbs
Burzio's_generalization
Study of words and their formation
Morphosyntactic Alignment Nominative–accusative Marked nominative Ergative–absolutive Split ergative Symmetrical voice Active–stative Tripartite Nominative–absolutive
Morphology_(linguistics)
Ancestor of the Uralic languages
we have come". This is problematic for the ergative theory because the -mV participle, labelled the ergative marker, is a passive marker in most of the
Proto-Uralic_language
Erg in Algeria
The Erg Admer is a large erg or field of sand dunes in the Sahara Desert. Situated in the Illizi Province west of the oasis town of Djanet in south-eastern
Erg_Admer
Sentence structure; the default word order in English
for more than 87% of the world's languages. The label SVO often includes ergative languages although they do not have nominative subjects. Subject–verb–object
Subject–verb–object word order
Subject–verb–object_word_order
American volleyball player and coach
Samantha "Sam" Sue Erger (née Fish; born June 12, 1989) is an American former volleyball player who is the head coach of the Southern Methodist University
Sam_Erger
Neo-Aramaic varieties
was the ergative type that was generalised in NENA. Although Aramaic has been a nominative-accusative language historically, split ergativity in Christian
Suret_language
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Bhutan
indicated by the suffix ལུ་ -lu. ergative case - used for ergative and instrumental functions. There are 3 ergative suffixes in written Dzongkha: གྱིས་
Dzongkha
Language of ancient Sumer and Babylon
Sumerian is classified as an agglutinative, ergative (consistently so in its nominal morphology and split ergative in its verbal morphology), and subject–object–verb
Sumerian_language
Science fiction novel series by Dan Simmons
cruciform from their remains. Treeships are living trees that are propelled by ergs (spider-like solid-state alien being that emits force fields) through space
Hyperion_Cantos
Erg in Algeria
Algerian Sahara. It is the third largest erg in Algeria after the Erg Chech and the Grand Erg Oriental. The Grand Erg Occidental borders the Hamada Bet Touadjine
Grand_Erg_Occidental
Mana ERG was the musical project of ex recording engineer and multi-instrumentalist Bruno De Angelis. Born in Rome and grown up in London, he gained experience
Mana_ERG
Subdivision of the Northwest Caucasian language family
characterised by the ergative construction of sentences. Sound changes between Adyghe (Temirgoy) and Kabardian: The following example shows an ergative–absolutive
Circassian_languages
Serbian footballer
Ivan Ergić (Serbian Cyrillic: Иван Ергић, pronounced [ǐvan êrgitɕ]; born 21 January 1981) is a retired Serbian footballer who played as a midfielder.
Ivan_Ergić
Erg
The Erg Chech (Arabic: عرق شاش), is a large erg in the southwestern Algerian Sahara that extends across the border into northern Mali and eastern Mauritania
Erg_Chech
Grammar of the Georgian language
often been said to exhibit split ergativity; morphologically speaking, it is said that it mostly behaves like an ergative–absolutive language in the Series
Georgian_grammar
Inuit varieties spoken in Alaska and the Northwest Territories
expressing genitive are marked in ergative for all persons. This suffix applies to all singular unpossessed nouns in the ergative case. Please note the underlying
Iñupiaq_language
Word order in which the verb comes before the object
Morphosyntactic Alignment Nominative–accusative Marked nominative Ergative–absolutive Split ergative Symmetrical voice Active–stative Tripartite Nominative–absolutive
Verb–object_word_order
Australian company
Research Group or ERG Ltd) was an Australian company that developed automated fare collection systems for transit systems. Founded in 1984 as ERG, it was listed
Videlli
arguments: one Absolutive (marked -р), one Ergative (marked -м), and one Oblique (marked -м). The ergative and oblique share the same suffix -м; they
Kabardian_verbs
Special groups of employees
Employee resource groups (also known as ERGs, affinity groups, business network groups, or business resource groups) are groups of employees who join in
Employee_resource_group
Protein-coding gene in humans
such as ERG and ETV1, through gene fusion. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene is the most frequent, present in 40% - 80% of prostate cancers in humans. ERG overexpression
TMPRSS2
Indigenous language family of western Canada and the US
non-central NPs will take prepositions. Some Salishan languages are ergative, or split-ergative, and many take unique object agreement forms in passive statements
Salishan_languages
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
written ⟨ŵ⟩ in common spelling. Nias has an ergative–absolutive alignment. It is the only known ergative–absolutive language in the world that has a "marked
Nias_language
Polynesian language
different types of arguments: the absolute of intransitive clauses, the ergative of transitive clauses, and the absolute of transitive clauses. In some
Futunan_language
Type of grammatical voice
voice predominantly occurs in ergative languages where the deletion of an object "promotes" the subject from ergative case to absolutive case. In certain
Antipassive_voice
ERGATIVE
ERGATIVE
ERGATIVE
ERGATIVE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of English Birkett. Compare Birkhead, Burkhead.Possibly an altered spelling of German Birkert, a variant of Birkner.
Boy/Male
French German
Lion-bold.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Princess
Girl/Female
Biblical
Grasshoppers, height.
Female
Czechoslovakian
, home ruler.
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Goddess Lakshmi
Boy/Male
Scandinavian English Norse
Thunder.' Surname.
Boy/Male
Celtic Welsh
From Arbeth.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Good God.
Surname or Lastname
English (Norfolk)
English (Norfolk) : possibly a nickname for a philanderer, from Middle English love(n) ‘to love’ + well, or alternatively a variant of Lovell, altered through folk etymology.
ERGATIVE
ERGATIVE
ERGATIVE
ERGATIVE
ERGATIVE