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Grammatical relationship between arguments
In linguistics, morphosyntactic alignment is the grammatical relationship between arguments—specifically, between the two arguments (in English, subject
Morphosyntactic_alignment
Type of morphosyntactic alignment in linguistic typology
In linguistic typology, tripartite alignment is a type of morphosyntactic alignment in which the main argument ('subject') of an intransitive verb, the
Tripartite_alignment
Pattern relating to the subject and object of verbs
In linguistic typology, ergative–absolutive alignment is a type of morphosyntactic alignment in which the subject of an intransitive verb behaves like
Ergative–absolutive_alignment
Categorization of nouns and modifiers by function
Languages are categorized into several case systems, based on their morphosyntactic alignment—how they group verb agents and patients into cases: Nominative–accusative
Grammatical_case
Concept of sentence structure in linguistics
In linguistic typology, nominative–accusative alignment is a type of morphosyntactic alignment in which subjects of intransitive verbs are treated like
Nominative–accusative alignment
Nominative–accusative_alignment
Type of morphosyntactic alignment in linguistic typology
typology, active–stative alignment (also split intransitive alignment or semantic alignment) is a type of morphosyntactic alignment in which the sole argument
Active–stative_alignment
Inuit language spoken in Greenland
words by stringing together roots and suffixes. The language's morphosyntactic alignment is ergative, treating both the subject of an intransitive verb
Greenlandic_language
Verb which takes a subject and two objects
ditransitive verbs are also referred to as resultative verbs. The morphosyntactic alignment between arguments of monotransitive and ditransitive verbs is
Ditransitive_verb
Branch of linguistics
classification distinguishes nominative–accusative and ergative–absolutive alignment patterns. In a language with grammatical cases, the classification depends
Linguistic_typology
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
List_of_grammatical_cases
Grammatical case used to receive the direct object of a transitive verb
cases for objects, the accusative and the partitive case. In morphosyntactic alignment terms, both do the accusative function, but the accusative object
Accusative_case
Grammatical and/or semantic category of nouns
Animacy (antonym: inanimacy) is a grammatical and semantic feature, existing in some languages, expressing how sentient or alive the referent of a noun
Animacy
Languages which mark the nominative case and do not mark the accusative
nominative alignment is an unusual type of morphosyntactic alignment similar to, and often considered a subtype of, a nominative–accusative alignment. In a
Marked_nominative_alignment
Proposed concept in linguistic typology
direct-inverse alternation changes the morphosyntactic alignment, and the language is said to have hierarchical alignment. Klaiman has suggested four common
Direct–inverse_alignment
Grammar of the Georgian language
marks in the verb complex. Nominative–accusative alignment is one of the two major morphosyntactic alignments, along with ergative-absolutive. However, Georgian
Georgian_grammar
Language family of the Arctic and sub-Arctic
The Eskaleut (/ɛˈskæljuːt/ e-SKAL-yoot), Eskimo–Aleut or Inuit–Yupik–Unangan languages are a language family native to the northern portions of the North
Eskaleut_languages
Southern Nuristani language
Nuristani Kalasha (Kalaṣa-alâ), also known as Waigali, is a Nuristani language spoken by about 10,000 people in the Nuristan Province of Afghanistan. The
Nuristani_Kalasha_language
Grammatical case
free dictionary. Antipassive voice Ergative-absolutive language Morphosyntactic alignment Volition (linguistics) Edzard, Dietz Otto (2003). Sumerian Grammar
Ergative_case
Grammatical case
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Nominative_case
Canela-Krahô dialect of Brazil
Different main clause constructions present different combinations of alignment patterns, including split-S (default), ergative–absolutive (recent past)
Canela_dialect
Grammatical case
limited to core agents of intransitive verbs.[citation needed] Morphosyntactic alignment "Absolutive case definition at SIL Glossary of Linguistic Terms"
Absolutive_case
Topics referred to by the same term
Morphosyntactic alignment, the linguistic system used to distinguish between the arguments of transitive and intransitive verbs Typographic alignment
Alignment
Extinct Native American language formerly spoken in Oregon
T:transitive marker EST:established Miluk, also known as Lower Coquille from its location, is one of two Coosan languages. It shares more than half of
Miluk_language
Grammatical phenomenon in Austronesian
known as Austronesian alignment or the Austronesian focus system, is a typologically unusual kind of morphosyntactic alignment in which "one argument
Symmetrical_voice
Type of morphosyntactic alignment
In linguistic typology, nominative–absolutive alignment is a type of morphosyntactic alignment in which the sole argument of an intransitive verb shares
Nominative–absolutive alignment
Nominative–absolutive_alignment
Case specifying the use of the object form of pronouns
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Oblique_case
Alor language spoken in Indonesia
shirt' Abui has a semantic alignment driven by the semantic features of the participants. A language with such a 'fluid alignment' is often referred to as
Abui_language
Grammar of the Cebuano language
Philippine languages, are sometimes considered ergative or nominative in alignment, both being incorrect and correct as it has features of both systems.
Cebuano_grammar
Study of words and their formation
Synthetic Fusional Agglutinative Polysynthetic Oligosynthetic Morphosyntactic Alignment Nominative–accusative Marked nominative Ergative–absolutive Split
Morphology_(linguistics)
Concept in linguistics
3S/grow/II rezo gamoizarda. Rezo.NOM 3S/grow/II Rezo grew up. Active-stative alignment Anticausative verb – type of unaccusative Copula Deponent verb Ergative
Unaccusative_verb
Grammatical case
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Genitive_case
Grammatical case
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Ablative_case
Inflection of words according to number, gender, and/or case
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Declension
In linguistic typology, transitive alignment is a type of morphosyntactic alignment used in a small number of languages in which a single grammatical case
Transitive_alignment
Grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to which something is given
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Dative_case
Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
subject-verb-object order. Tagalog follows the trigger system of morphosyntactic alignment that is common among Philippine languages. It has head-initial
Tagalog_language
Macro-Jê language spoken in Brazil
types in Maxakalí are characterized by the ergative–absolutive morphosyntactic alignment. The agents of transitive verbs are marked by the ergative postposition
Maxakalí_language
Northern Je language spoken in Brazil
Prototypically, finite matrix clauses in Mẽbêngôkre have a nominative–accusative alignment pattern, whereby the agents of transitive verbs (A) and the sole arguments
Kayapo_language
Language whose grammar rarely uses word inflection
Synthetic Fusional Agglutinative Polysynthetic Oligosynthetic Morphosyntactic Alignment Nominative–accusative Marked nominative Ergative–absolutive Split
Analytic_language
Declination patterns for nouns in the Finnish language
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Finnish_noun_cases
Aspect of verb grammar
to talk about the same things. S, A, and O are terms used in morphosyntactic alignment to describe arguments in a sentence. The subject of an intransitive
Causative
Bantu language of Uganda
with subject–verb–object word order and nominative–accusative morphosyntactic alignment. With at least 5.6 million first-language speakers in the Buganda
Luganda
Type of synthetic language
Synthetic Fusional Agglutinative Polysynthetic Oligosynthetic Morphosyntactic Alignment Nominative–accusative Marked nominative Ergative–absolutive Split
Agglutinative_language
Indigenous languages of Brazil
Prototypically, finite matrix clauses in Northern Jê languages have a split-S alignment pattern, whereby the agents of transitive verbs (A) and the sole arguments
Northern_Jê_languages
Language with a very low morpheme per word ratio
Synthetic Fusional Agglutinative Polysynthetic Oligosynthetic Morphosyntactic Alignment Nominative–accusative Marked nominative Ergative–absolutive Split
Isolating_language
Phrase in linguistics
one another directly using principles of mapping. Case grammar Morphosyntactic alignment Syntax–semantics interface Thematic relations Valency (linguistics)
Theta_role
Feature in the typology of certain languages
proposition. The Australian language Dyirbal behaves ergatively in all morphosyntactic contexts unless one of those is involved. When a first- or second-person
Split_ergativity
Subfamily of the Algic languages of North America
languages is their direct–inverse (also known as hierarchical) morphosyntactic alignment, distinguishing between an unmarked voice where the subject outranks
Algonquian_languages
Grammatical case
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Allative_case
Sentence structure; the default word order in English
Synthetic Fusional Agglutinative Polysynthetic Oligosynthetic Morphosyntactic Alignment Nominative–accusative Marked nominative Ergative–absolutive Split
Subject–verb–object word order
Subject–verb–object_word_order
Austronesian language spoken by Butuanon people in northeastern Mindanao
Butuanon (Binutwanon, [binutwɐnʊn]) is an Austronesian language spoken by the Butuanon people in Agusan del Norte and Agusan del Sur, with some native
Butuanon_language
French linguist (1920–2018)
Persian poetry, and research on linguistic typology, notably on morphosyntactic alignment. He also studied various Polynesian languages most notably the
Gilbert_Lazard
Grammatical case
the same category may also mark agents with verbs that use an ergative alignment, for instance, "I give you, using a pen". The instrumental case is notably
Instrumental_case
Grammatical use indicating possession
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Possessive
Language where one kind of inflection indicates multiple changes of aspect
Synthetic Fusional Agglutinative Polysynthetic Oligosynthetic Morphosyntactic Alignment Nominative–accusative Marked nominative Ergative–absolutive Split
Fusional_language
System responsible for combining morphemes into complex structures
general and how they behave in relation to one another in the morphosyntactic alignment of the language. The description of grammatical relations can
Syntax
West Germanic language
an Indo-European language, English grammar follows accusative morphosyntactic alignment. Unlike other Indo-European languages, English has largely abandoned
English_language
Number and type of arguments controlled by a linguistic predicate
and P will be used. These are commonly used names (taken from morphosyntactic alignment theory) given to arguments of a verb. S refers to the subject
Valency_(linguistics)
Grammatical mood
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Jussive_mood
Grammatical case indicating a location
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Locative_case
Eastern Iranian language of Ossetia, in the Caucasus
rigid, but tends towards SOV. Wackernagel's law applies. The morphosyntactic alignment is nominative–accusative, although there is no accusative case:
Ossetian_language
Grammatical case denoting accompaniment
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Comitative_case
Extinct Eskimo–Aleut language
see why a single case can play such distinct roles at all, read morphosyntactic alignment, and also a short table about it. Some finer grammatical functions
Sirenik_language
Part of Latin grammar
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Latin_declension
Aspect of the Irish language
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Irish_declension
Grammatical case for noun addressed
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Vocative_case
System of suffixes of Classical Arabic
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
ʾIʿrab
Common ancestor of the Siouan languages
head-marking with simple agglutination, had an active–stative morphosyntactic alignment, and demonstrated subject–object–verb word order. The language
Proto-Siouan_language
Class of language where a sentence subject is not required
Synthetic Fusional Agglutinative Polysynthetic Oligosynthetic Morphosyntactic Alignment Nominative–accusative Marked nominative Ergative–absolutive Split
Null-subject_language
Grammatical case denoting "partialness", "without result" or "without specific identity"
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Partitive_case
Language family native to Asia
and *N-[k]ˤen-s in the Baxter-Sagart system of Old Chinese. In morphosyntactic alignment, many Tibeto-Burman languages have ergative and/or anti-ergative
Sino-Tibetan_languages
Type of language morphology
Synthetic Fusional Agglutinative Polysynthetic Oligosynthetic Morphosyntactic Alignment Nominative–accusative Marked nominative Ergative–absolutive Split
Synthetic_language
System of word ordering
Synthetic Fusional Agglutinative Polysynthetic Oligosynthetic Morphosyntactic Alignment Nominative–accusative Marked nominative Ergative–absolutive Split
Verb–subject–object word order
Verb–subject–object_word_order
Highly inflected language with many morphemes per word
Synthetic Fusional Agglutinative Polysynthetic Oligosynthetic Morphosyntactic Alignment Nominative–accusative Marked nominative Ergative–absolutive Split
Polysynthetic_language
Verb that does not entail a direct object
Transitive verbs Verbs Ditransitive verbs Valency (linguistics) Morphosyntactic alignment English passive voice Payne, Thomas E. (1997). Describing morphosyntax:
Intransitive_verb
Northeast Caucasian language native to Russia
Chechen is an agglutinative language with an ergative–absolutive morphosyntactic alignment. Chechen nouns belong to one of six genders or classes, each with
Chechen_language
Grammatical case
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Abessive_case
Language family of Japan
common type of morphosyntactic alignment is nominative–accusative, but neutral (or direct), active–stative and (very rarely) tripartite alignment are found
Japonic_languages
Declensions in the Gothic language
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Gothic_declension
Declensions in the Lithuanian language
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Lithuanian_declension
Topics referred to by the same term
disorder Multiscale approximation or multiresolution analysis Morphosyntactic alignment (linguistics) Message submission agent, a computer program used
MSA
Grammatical case
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Adessive_case
Grammatical case
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Pegative_case
Southwestern Iranian language
but the more object-like one, the morphosyntactic alignment of these constructions is ergative. Since this alignment is confined to the past tenses, it
Middle_Persian
Way of classifying the world's languages
non-Slavic Russia. Constructed languages take a variety of morphological alignments. The concept of discrete morphological categories has been criticized
Morphological_typology
Language
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Old_High_German_declension
Theory in linguistic typology
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Case_hierarchy
oblique arguments. A verbal case system may thus be synonymous with morphosyntactic alignment. 'Verbal case' may also mean those noun cases governed by the
Verbal_case
Indigenous language spoken in parts of South America
Yanam and Yanomam dialects, but retained in the others. Yanomami morphosyntactic alignment is ergative–absolutive, which means that the subject of an intransitive
Yanomaman_languages
Grammatical case
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Inelative_case
Grammatical case
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Lative_case
Interaction between syntax and semantics
furiously Compositionality David Dowty Form–meaning mismatch Morphosyntactic alignment Role and reference grammar Selection (linguistics) Semantic class
Syntax–semantics_interface
Grammatical case
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Essive_case
Language classification
Synthetic Fusional Agglutinative Polysynthetic Oligosynthetic Morphosyntactic Alignment Nominative–accusative Marked nominative Ergative–absolutive Split
Object–subject–verb word order
Object–subject–verb_word_order
Finnic language
than a prototypical polysynthetic language (e.g., Yup'ik). The morphosyntactic alignment of Finnish is nominative–accusative, but there are two object
Finnish_language
Rare permutation of word order
intransitive clauses. Since all of those languages have ergative–absolutive alignment, their word order is not object–verb–subject in the traditional sense
Object–verb–subject word order
Object–verb–subject_word_order
Austronesian languages of Taiwan
of the active and passive voices, and is considered a unique morphosyntactic alignment. Furthermore, adverbs are not a unique category of words, but
Formosan_languages
Order of syntactic constituents
Synthetic Fusional Agglutinative Polysynthetic Oligosynthetic Morphosyntactic Alignment Nominative–accusative Marked nominative Ergative–absolutive Split
Word_order
East Bodish language of Bhutan
'his big garuda hat' Morphosyntactic alignment in Kurtöp is difficult to determine, but it is closest to an active–stative alignment, also known as "split
Kurtöp_language
Grammatical case
e Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive
Comparative_case
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MORPHOSYNTACTIC ALIGNMENT
MORPHOSYNTACTIC ALIGNMENT
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MORPHOSYNTACTIC ALIGNMENT
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