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Use of laboratory and field experiments to explore evolutionary dynamics
Experimental evolution is the use of laboratory experiments or controlled field manipulations to explore evolutionary dynamics. Evolution may be observed
Experimental_evolution
Experimental evolution studies are a means of testing evolutionary theory under carefully designed, reproducible experiments. Given enough time, space
Bacteriophage experimental evolution
Bacteriophage_experimental_evolution
Study of the evolution of life
way is by approaches, such as field biology, theoretical biology, experimental evolution, and paleontology. These alternative ways of dividing up the subject
Evolutionary_biology
Scientific study
The E. coli long-term evolution experiment (LTEE) is an ongoing study in experimental evolution begun by Richard Lenski at the University of California
E. coli long-term evolution experiment
E._coli_long-term_evolution_experiment
Organism that consists of more than one cell
ancestors. Such a passage of time allows both divergent and convergent evolution time to mimic similarities and accumulate differences between groups of
Multicellular_organism
Private, non-profit research institution in US
Carnegie Institution of Washington established the Station for Experimental Evolution at Cold Spring Harbor on an adjacent parcel. In 1921, the station
Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory
Protein engineering method
Directed evolution is used both for protein engineering as an alternative to rationally designing modified proteins, as well as for experimental evolution studies
Directed_evolution
Change in the heritable traits of populations
the evolution of microorganisms is particularly important to evolutionary research since their rapid reproduction allows the study of experimental evolution
Evolution
Personal information manager for the GNOME desktop environment
SourceForge project page. A slightly more recent (2010–2011) experimental installer for Evolution 3.0.2 is provided by openSUSE. Users have faced difficulties
GNOME_Evolution
Concept in transhumanist discourses
evolution is used within the transhumanist community to refer to the idea of applying the principles of directed evolution and experimental evolution
Directed evolution (transhumanism)
Directed_evolution_(transhumanism)
Single-stranded DNA virus that infects bacteria
PMC 1347346. PMID 16428417. Wichman HA, Brown CJ (August 2010). "Experimental evolution of viruses: Microviridae as a model system". Philosophical Transactions
Phi_X_174
Similar evolution in distinct species
Parallel evolution is the similar development of a trait in distinct species that are not closely related, but share a similar original trait in response
Parallel_evolution
American zoologist
in testing hypotheses about functional character evolution. Maintaining that experimental evolution is a valuable tool to test evolutionary hypotheses
Albert_F._Bennett
Jewish views on biological evolution
Jewish views on evolution includes a continuum of views about the theory of evolution, experimental evolution, the origin of life, the age of the universe
Jewish_views_on_evolution
Breeding for desired characteristics
Vertebrate Biomechanics and Evolution ed. Bels VL, Gasc JP, Casinos A. PDF Garland, T. Jr., Rose MR, eds. (2009). Experimental Evolution: Concepts, Methods, and
Selective_breeding
Discussion of the meaning and usage of the terms evolution, fact and theory
Many scientists and philosophers of science have described evolution as fact and theory, a phrase which was used as the title of an article by paleontologist
Evolution_as_fact_and_theory
Scientific view of guided evolution by God
Theistic evolution (also known as theistic evolutionism or God-guided evolution, or alternatively called evolutionary creationism) is a view that God acts
Theistic_evolution
Overview of and topical guide to change in the heritable characteristics of organisms
classification Experimental evolution – Use of laboratory and field experiments to explore evolutionary dynamics Molecular evolution – Study of changes
Outline_of_evolution
Species of alga
lines of descent and increases mean fitness. However, in a long-term experimental study of C. reinhardtii, evidence was obtained that contradicted this
Chlamydomonas_reinhardtii
Independent evolution of similar features
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures
Convergent_evolution
including the evolution of fruit flies, mice, and bacteria in the laboratory, and of tilapia in the field. Such studies on experimental evolution, particularly
Objections_to_evolution
Science of classifying organisms
regard to their natural relationships and the study of variation and the evolution of taxa". In 1970, Michener et al. defined "systematic biology" and "taxonomy"
Taxonomy_(biology)
Common ancestor evolutionary evidence
and others.[citation needed] Experimental evolution uses controlled experiments to test hypotheses and theories of evolution. In one early example, William
Evidence_of_common_descent
Accumulation of genetic differences
Divergent evolution or divergent selection is the accumulation of differences between closely related populations within a species, sometimes leading
Divergent_evolution
Unsolved problem in biology What selection pressures led to the evolution and maintenance of sexual reproduction? More unsolved problems in biology Sexually
Evolution of sexual reproduction
Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction
Study of evolutionary changes in physiological characteristics
the evolution of endothermy Human adaptational physiology Darwinian medicine Evolution of dietary antioxidants Artificial selection and experimental evolution
Evolutionary_physiology
Religious rejection of evolution
Recurring cultural, political, and theological rejection of evolution by religious groups exists regarding the origins of the Earth, of humanity, and
Rejection of evolution by religious groups
Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups
Set of theoretical concepts concerning evolutionary biology
(2015). "Extended evolution: A Conceptual Framework for Integrating Regulatory Networks and Niche Construction". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B:
Extended evolutionary synthesis
Extended_evolutionary_synthesis
Process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species
opportunity can be the loss of antagonists (competitors or predators), the evolution of a key innovation, or dispersal to a new environment. Any one of these
Adaptive_radiation
Theory of the "selfish gene"
The gene-centered view of evolution, also known as the selfish gene theory, holds that adaptive evolution occurs through the differential survival of
Gene-centered view of evolution
Gene-centered_view_of_evolution
Origin and diversification of reptiles through geologic time
points to the transition from reptile to bird are the evolution from scales to feathers, the evolution of the beak (although independently evolved in other
Evolution_of_reptiles
Evolution on a scale at or above the level of species
microevolution is evolution occurring within the population(s) of a single species. In other words, microevolution is the scale of evolution that is limited
Macroevolution
Polonica. 51 (3): 393–406. Bakker, Robert T. (1975). "Experimental and Fossil Evidence for the Evolution of Tetrapod Bioenergetics". Perspectives of Biophysical
Evolution_of_mammals
Species of bacterium
the dairy environment was reproduced in the laboratory through experimental evolution of a plant isolate that was cultivated in milk for a prolonged period
Lactococcus_lactis
Expected reproductive success
alleles with higher fitness more common over time, resulting in Darwinian evolution. The term "Darwinian fitness" can be used to make clear the distinction
Fitness_(biology)
American evolutionary biologist
Isabelle Olivieri. The E. coli long-term evolution experiment is an ongoing study in experimental evolution led by Richard Lenski that has been tracking
Richard_Lenski
American biologist
1983 monograph, Evolution of Sex Determining Mechanisms. In the early 1990s, he changed the focus of his work to experimental evolution and phylogenetics
James_J._Bull
Life arising from non-living matter
Vassilissa; Duvernay, Fabrice; et al. (2015). "Laboratory experimental simulations: Chemical evolution of the organic matter from interstellar and cometary
Abiogenesis
Species having two or more distinct forms
mimicry), and human hemoglobin and blood types. According to the theory of evolution, polymorphism results from evolutionary processes, as does any aspect
Polymorphism_(biology)
Biological evolution of Homo sapiens from 50,000 years ago until present
Recent human evolution refers to evolutionary adaptation, sexual and natural selection, and genetic drift within Homo sapiens populations, since their
Recent_human_evolution
Evolutionary origin and subsequent development of cells
Evolution of cells refers to the evolutionary origin and subsequent evolutionary development of cells. Cells first emerged at least 3.8 billion years
Evolution_of_cells
Growing bacteria or viruses in iterations
that is being passed evolves over the course of the experiment (experimental evolution). In particular, serial passage can be quite useful in studies that
Serial_passage
Study of changes in DNA and RNA over time
(2021). Mutation, Randomness and Evolution. Oxford, Oxford. Wang, Yiguan; Obbard, Darren J (19 July 2023). "Experimental estimates of germline mutation
Molecular_evolution
Long-term experiment measuring the flow of pitch
bulb burning since 1901 The E. coli long-term evolution experiment (LTEE), a study in experimental evolution running since 1988. Webb, Jonathan (26 July
Pitch_drop_experiment
Biological experiments
Experiments on Speciation. In Garland, Theodore & Rose, Michael R. "Experimental Evolution: Concepts, Methods, and Applications of Selection Experiments".
Laboratory experiments of speciation
Laboratory_experiments_of_speciation
American ecologist
and Evolution at Stony Brook University in New York. His major scientific interest is in evolutionary biology, specifically experimental evolution using
Daniel_Dykhuizen
Origin of three known varieties of flagella
The evolution of flagella is of great interest to biologists because the three known varieties of flagella – (eukaryotic, bacterial, and archaeal) each
Evolution_of_flagella
(2015). "Extended evolution: A Conceptual Framework for Integrating Regulatory Networks and Niche Construction". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B:
History of evolutionary thought
History_of_evolutionary_thought
Type of fox
hidden genetic variation for these traits." De novo domestication Experimental evolution Fuegian dog, an extinct domesticated South American fox Genomics
Domesticated_silver_fox
Study of the evolution of nervous systems
use of phylogenetic comparative methods. Selective breeding and experimental evolution approaches are also being used more frequently. Conceptually and
Evolutionary_neuroscience
Theory in evolutionary biology
equilibrium is commonly contrasted with phyletic gradualism, the idea that evolution generally occurs uniformly by the steady and gradual transformation of
Punctuated_equilibrium
that "life is evolution by natural selection". The approach generally used in his laboratory is called microbial experimental evolution. Chao is married
Lin_Chao
Idea that an animal's developmental stages resemble its evolutionary ancestors
through stages resembling or representing successive adult stages in the evolution of the animal's remote ancestors (phylogeny). It was formulated in the
Recapitulation_theory
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
Richard E. (2008). "Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli". Proceedings of the
Natural_selection
Eugenics research institute at Cold Spring Harbor, New York
Carnegie Institution of Washington (Carnegie Science), Station for Experimental Evolution, and subsequently administered by its Department of Genetics. Both
Eugenics_Record_Office
Capacity of a system for adaptive evolution
Evolutionary trade-off Colegrave N, Collins S (May 2008). "Experimental evolution: experimental evolution and evolvability". Heredity. 100 (5): 464–70. doi:10
Evolvability
Cinematic works that are experimental form or content
Experimental film or avant-garde cinema is a mode of filmmaking that does not apply standard cinematic conventions, instead adopting non-narrative forms
Experimental_film
wonders" showed that the Early Cambrian was a uniquely experimental period of animal evolution. Later discoveries of similar animals and the development
History_of_life
Non-technical overview of the subject of biological evolution
In biology, evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. Biological
Introduction_to_evolution
Monophyletic closure of a set of living species
be established, and thus the ecological and functional setting of the evolution of the major features of the group in question. Stem groups thus offer
Crown_group
Origin and diversification of snake venom through geologic time
defense, this is not believed to have had a strong effect on venom evolution. The evolution of venom is thought to be responsible for the enormous expansion
Evolution_of_snake_venom
Species of flowering plant
2024). "Rapid genomic evolution in Brassica rapa with bumblebee selection in experimental evolution". BMC Ecology and Evolution. 24 (1): 7. doi:10
Brassica_rapa
Canadian scientist
theoretical biologist, Canada Research Chair in Theoretical and Experimental Evolution, and is currently a Killam Professor at the University of British
Sarah_Otto
Characteristic of a group of organisms with a common ancestor
though the suggestion of substantial horizontal gene transfer during early evolution has led to questions about the monophyly (single ancestry) of life. 6
Common_descent
The character that would evolve into Bugs Bunny appeared in four cartoon shorts before his first official appearance in Tex Avery's A Wild Hare. While
Development_of_Bugs_Bunny
Behavioral theory
by the closely related fields of human behavioral ecology and cultural evolution, such explanations are predominantly focused on humans and emphasize the
Costly signaling theory in evolutionary psychology
Costly_signaling_theory_in_evolutionary_psychology
Family of glycoside hydrolase enzymes
directed evolution of new functions". Biochemistry. 20 (14): 4042–9. doi:10.1021/bi00517a015. PMID 6793063. Hall BG (October 1976). "Experimental evolution of
Β-Galactosidase
Species of bacterium
has a single flagellum. This result was notable in the field of experimental evolution in that it was highly repeatable. P. aeruginosa has been studied
Pseudomonas_aeruginosa
Measure of evolutionary success
literature on the possible role of limited dispersal, as well as experimental evolution tests of these models. However, despite this, it is still sometimes
Inclusive_fitness
has since been the evolution of aging, approached both theoretically and empirically via the technique of experimental evolution. In 1991, he published
Michael_R._Rose
Biological theorem
reproduction has allowed for the study of bet hedging in labs through experimental evolution models. These models have been used to deduce the evolutionary origins
Bet_hedging_(biology)
Any cause that reduces reproductive success in a proportion of a population
by antibiotics), one becomes more vulnerable to pathogens. The rapid evolution of antibiotic resistance places an enormous selective pressure on the
Evolutionary_pressure
Evolution of characters at various rates both within and between species
Mosaic evolution (or modular evolution) is the concept, mainly from palaeontology, that evolutionary change takes place in some body parts or systems
Mosaic_evolution
Scientist studying the species Drosophila melanogaster
genetics of this insect at the Carnegie Institution’s new Station for Experimental Evolution at Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York, from 1904 to 1909
Drosophilist
Development of bacteria throughout time
The evolution of bacteria has progressed over billions of years since the Precambrian time with their first major divergence from the archaeal/eukaryotic
Evolution_of_bacteria
Interdisciplinary study
Evolutionary anthropology, the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology and human behaviour and of the relation between hominids and
Evolutionary_anthropology
Species of fungus
tubulin, chromatin, nucleokinesis, pathogenesis, metabolism, and experimental evolution. It is one of the few species in its genus able to form sexual spores
Aspergillus_nidulans
American researcher (born 1961)
adaptive evolution, as do the complex genetic interactions that underlie the structure of organisms. His research mainly focus on experimental evolution, ecology
Michael_Travisano
Concept in genetics
tested repeatedly through experimental research and the results have been equivocal at best. The role of random chance in evolution was first outlined by
Genetic_drift
Branching diagram of evolutionary relationships between organisms
century later, evolutionary biologists still use tree diagrams to depict evolution because such diagrams effectively convey the concept that speciation occurs
Phylogenetic_tree
French naturalist (1744–1829)
academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biological evolution occurred and proceeded in accordance with natural laws, though the mechanism
Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck
Variation in support for the theory of evolution
level of support for evolution among scientists, the public, and other groups is a topic that frequently arises in the creation–evolution controversy, and
Level of support for evolution
Level_of_support_for_evolution
Measure used in population genetics
Selection coefficients are central to the quantitative description of evolution, since fitness differences determine the change in genotype frequencies
Selection_coefficient
Hypothesis on normative mate selection
the question of why the long term rate of evolution is far slower than is theoretically possible. Evolution is imposed on species or groups. It is not
Koinophilia
Academic journal
name it took during the split, Molecular and Developmental Evolution. "Journal of Experimental Zoology records". September 2025. Official website J. Exp
Journal of Experimental Zoology
Journal_of_Experimental_Zoology
Trait change of an organism in response to environmental variation
Kelly SA (June 2006). "Phenotypic plasticity and experimental evolution". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 209 (Pt 12): 2344–61. Bibcode:2006JExpB
Phenotypic_plasticity
Groups of organisms acting for mutual benefit
"Limited Dispersal, Budding Dispersal, and Cooperation: An Experimental Study". Evolution. 63 (4): 939–949. Bibcode:2009Evolu..63..939K. doi:10.1111/j
Cooperation_(evolution)
History of the field of study
history of molecular evolution starts in the early 20th century with "comparative biochemistry", but the field of molecular evolution came into its own in
History of molecular evolution
History_of_molecular_evolution
Basic unit of taxonomic classification, below genus
Elena, S. F.; Agudelo-Romero, P.; Carrasco, P.; et al. (2008). "Experimental evolution of plant RNA viruses". Heredity. 100 (5): 478–483. Bibcode:2008Hered
Species
Practical application of biological evolution
many practical applications. Creationists often claim that the theory of evolution lacks any practical applications; however, this claim has been refuted
Applications_of_evolution
Difference in DNA among individuals or populations
virus evolution. Genetic recombination also has been shown to play a key role in generating the genetic variation that underlies RNA virus evolution. Numerous
Genetic_variation
Evolutionary process
"Phenotypic plasticity, sexual selection and the evolution of colour patterns". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 209 (12): 2368–2376. Bibcode:2006JExpB
Adaptation
Model used to visualise relationship between genotypes and reproductive success
fitness values is then called a fitness landscape. The idea of studying evolution by visualizing the distribution of fitness values as a kind of landscape
Fitness_landscape
Species of bacterium
decline in the number of progeny produced over time. On the basis of experimental evolution studies in C. crescentus, Ackermann et al. suggested that aging
Caulobacter_crescentus
Evolution where transitional forms are particularly unstable and do not last long
Quantum evolution is a component of George Gaylord Simpson's multi-tempoed theory of evolution proposed to explain the rapid emergence of higher taxonomic
Quantum_evolution
Rejection of evolution by religious groups, sometimes called creation–evolution controversy, has a long history. In response to theories developed by scientists
History of the creation–evolution controversy
History_of_the_creation–evolution_controversy
Theory in evolutionary biology
The sloshing bucket model of evolution is a theory in evolutionary biology that describes how environmental disturbances varying in magnitude will affect
Sloshing bucket model of evolution
Sloshing_bucket_model_of_evolution
Persistence of a biological trait under uncertain conditions
high mutation rates. Such emergent robustness has been observed in experimental evolution of cytochrome P450s and B-lactamase. Conversely, mutational robustness
Robustness_(evolution)
Sudden and large mutational change
bursa-pastoris) as a model system to study the evolution of flower development. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57: 3531-3542. Freeling, M.; Thomas, B
Saltation_(biology)
American eugenicist and sociologist (1877–1967)
University of Wisconsin and at the Carnegie Institution's Station for Experimental Evolution. He joined the Carnegie staff in July 1905 as an assistant to Charles
Roswell_Hill_Johnson
EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION
EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION
Girl/Female
Tamil
Prayukta | பà¯à®°à®¯à¯à®‚கதா
Experimented
Prayukta | பà¯à®°à®¯à¯à®‚கதா
Boy/Male
Hindu
The exact meaning of this name would be evolution also can mean progress
Boy/Male
Tamil
Avirbhav | அவிரà¯à®ªà®¾à®µ
The exact meaning of this name would be evolution also can mean progress
Avirbhav | அவிரà¯à®ªà®¾à®µ
Boy/Male
Celebrity, Hindu, Indian
Creator of the Universe; Growth; Evolution; Similar to Brahma
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Creation; Evolution; Construction
Surname or Lastname
English and North German
English and North German : variant of Bertram.William Bartram, a Quaker, had a large farm near Darby, PA, when his eldest son, John, the first American botanist, was born in 1699. John conducted botanical experiments at his own farm in Kingsessing, PA, near Philadelphia.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Experiment
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, German, Swedish, Teutonic
Friend of the People; Experiment; Trial; People's Friend
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Mythological, Sanskrit, Telugu
Creator of the Universe; Growth; Evolution
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Evolution; Progress
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
God of Law; One Well Versed in Law; Experiment
Boy/Male
Hindu
Experiment
Girl/Female
Hindu
Experimented
EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION
EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Compassionate
Boy/Male
Arabic
Pure
Boy/Male
Indian
Servant of the capable, Servant of the powerful (Allah)
Girl/Female
Greek Latin
A Fate.
Boy/Male
British, English, Irish
The Stone of
Girl/Female
Hindu
True
Girl/Female
Muslim
Spoils, Booty
Male
Dutch
, Frenchman, or, free.
Boy/Male
Indian
Girl/Female
Hindu
Getting stronger
EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION
EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION
EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION
EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION
EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION
n.
An experimenter.
imp. & p. p.
of Experiment
n.
One who makes experiments; an experimenter.
v. i.
To make experiments (upon); to experiment.
n.
An experimenter.
n.
Essay; trial; experience; experiment.
a.
Derived from, or pertaining to, experience.
a.
Fitted for trial beforehand; experimental.
adv.
By experiment; by experience or trial.
v. t.
To make experiment; to operate by test or trial; -- often with on, upon, or in, referring to the subject of an experiment; with, referring to the instrument; and by, referring to the means; as, to experiment upon electricity; he experimented in plowing with ponies, or by steam power.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Experiment
a.
Pertaining to experiment; founded on, or derived from, experiment or trial; as, experimental science; given to, or skilled in, experiment; as, an experimental philosopher.
n.
One who makes experiments; one skilled in experiments.
n.
An experimenter in aviation.
n.
Atrial or special observation, made to confirm or disprove something doubtful; esp., one under conditions determined by the experimenter; an act or operation undertaken in order to discover some unknown principle or effect, or to test, establish, or illustrate some suggest or known truth; practical test; poof.
a.
Experimental; of the nature of experiment.
a.
Known by, or derived from, experience; as, experimental religion.
a.
Pertaining to, or founded upon, experiment or experience; depending upon the observation of phenomena; versed in experiments.
n.
An experimenter.
n.
Trial; experiment.