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Sequence of bacterial DNA
The F-plasmid (first named F by one of its discoverers Esther Lederberg；also called the sex factor in E. coli, the F sex factor, the fertility factor,
F-plasmid
Method of bacterial gene transfer
possess a copy are called F-positive or F-plus (denoted F+). Cells that lack F plasmids are called F-negative or F-minus (F−) and as such can function
Bacterial_conjugation
Circular plasmid used in creation of transgenic plants
A tumour inducing (Ti) plasmid is a plasmid found in pathogenic species of Agrobacterium sensu lato, including A. tumefaciens, Rhizobium rhizogenes, A
Ti_plasmid
Small DNA molecule within a cell
A plasmid is a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They
Plasmid
Number of copies of a plasmid in a cell
receives the plasmid. For example, the F plasmid, which is the origin of BACs (bacterial artificial chromosomes) is a single copy plasmid with a partitioning
Plasmid_copy_number
Bacterial system of proteins
(post-segregational killing). The ccd system (control of cell death) of the F plasmid encodes two proteins, the CcdB protein (101 amino acids; toxin) and the
CcdA–CcdB Type II Toxin–antitoxin system
CcdA–CcdB_Type_II_Toxin–antitoxin_system
Type of hybrid plasmid
Fosmids are similar to cosmids but are based on the bacterial F-plasmid. The cloning vector is limited, as a host (usually E. coli) can only contain one
Fosmid
DNA construct
on a functional fertility plasmid (or F-plasmid), used for transforming and cloning in bacteria, usually E. coli. F-plasmids play a crucial role because
Bacterial artificial chromosome
Bacterial_artificial_chromosome
Type of bacterium
bacterium with a conjugative plasmid (for example, the F-factor) integrated into its chromosomal DNA. The integration of the plasmid into the cell's chromosome
Hfr_cell
Biological process
to neutralize the ccdB toxin encoded on the F plasmid and thus, prevent toxin activation when such a plasmid is lost. Similarly, the ataR antitoxin encoded
Toxin–antitoxin_system
Mechanism for plasmid inheritance in bacterial cell division
A plasmid partition system is a mechanism that ensures the stable inheritance of plasmids during bacterial cell division. Each plasmid has its independent
Plasmid_partition_system
Topics referred to by the same term
F, A, and C# F+ a bacterium having F-plasmid in bacterial conjugation In Academic grading in the United States, F+ is a rarely used grade above F F+
F+
American microbiologist (1922–2006)
directed the now-defunct Plasmid Reference Center at Stanford University, where she maintained, named, and distributed plasmids of many types, including
Esther_Lederberg
Antibiotic resistance caused by a plasmid
Plasmid-mediated resistance is the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes which are carried on plasmids. Plasmids possess mechanisms that ensure their
Plasmid-mediated_resistance
The SrnB-SrnC toxin-antitoxin system of the F plasmid is homologous to the hok/sok system of R1. Like the hok/sok system, it performs a post-segregational
SrnB–SrnC toxin–antitoxin system
SrnB–SrnC_toxin–antitoxin_system
The parABS system is a broadly conserved molecular mechanism for plasmid partitioning and chromosome segregation in bacteria. Originally identified as
ParABS_system
Genetic material
The RK2 Plasmid is a broad-host-range plasmid belonging to the incP incompatibility group It is notable for its ability to replicate in a wide variety
RK2_plasmid
Topics referred to by the same term
islets F-cells, adult red blood cells that contain fetal hemoglobin (HbF) F-plasmid, a factor allowing genes to be transferred from one bacterium (F+ cell)
F_cell
the F plasmid, taking advantage of the high stability and conjugational ability introduced by the F factor. Fosmids are a hybrid between bacterial F plasmids
DNA_construct
RNA family
is found on the F-plasmid of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. It is responsible for stabilising the plasmid. If the plasmid is not inherited
FlmA–FlmB toxin–antitoxin system
FlmA–FlmB_toxin–antitoxin_system
Type of bacterial reproduction by DNA transfer
involve plasmids that allow for the transfer of DNA into another neighboring cell. The neighboring cells absorb the F-plasmid (fertility plasmid: inherited
Bacterial_recombination
Strain of bacteria
F– ompT gal dcm lon hsdSB(rB–mB–) λ(DE3 [lacI lacUV5-T7p07 ind1 sam7 nin5]) [malB+]K-12(λS). An explanation follows: str. B strain B. F– No F plasmid
Escherichia_coli_BL21(DE3)
Biological particle which transfers genetic material between cells
e.g., F plasmid, many R and some col plasmids. nonconjugative - do not mediate DNA through conjugation, e.g., many R and col plasmids. Plasmids with
Vector_(molecular_biology)
Species of virus
fertility (F) factor, a plasmid that allows cells to serve as DNA donors in bacterial conjugation. Genes on the F plasmid specifies the proteins of the F pilus
Bacteriophage_MS2
Bacterial plasmid
The R1 plasmid is a plasmid that was first isolated from Salmonella paratyphi bacteria in 1963. It is a short plasmid, composed of 97,566 nucleotides and
R1_plasmid
Form of bacterial conjugation
conjugative plasmid (such as the F-plasmid) that codes for genes required for conjugation and DNA transfer. A donor strain, carrying a mobilizable plasmid that
Triparental_mating
Species of virus
including differences in capsid maturation and the ability to escape F-plasmid mediated exclusion. Padilla-Sanchez, Victor (2026-03-10), Bacteriophage
Escherichia_virus_T3
Sequence of DNA
Matson SW (November 1995). "Stepwise assembly of a relaxosome at the F plasmid origin of transfer". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (47): 28381–28386
Origin_of_transfer
Species of bacterium
common that the F+ plasmid of a competent Escherichia coli bacterium conjugates into the H. influenzae bacterium, which then allows the plasmid to transfer
Haemophilus_influenzae
Gram-negative gammaproteobacterium
12435; by UV by Joshua Lederberg and colleagues) and then in 1985 of the F plasmid by acridine orange curing.[citation needed] W1485 gave rise to MG1655
Escherichia coli in molecular biology
Escherichia_coli_in_molecular_biology
Small piece of maintainable DNA
genetically engineered plasmids. Cloning is generally first performed using Escherichia coli, and cloning vectors in E. coli include plasmids, bacteriophages
Cloning_vector
Scientific study
evolved Cit+. This method used multiple rounds of a process in which F plasmid based conjugation between a 33,000 generation Cit+ clone, CZB154, and
E. coli long-term evolution experiment
E._coli_long-term_evolution_experiment
"selfish gene" part theory, since the gene itself is propagated through the F-plasmid. A similar origin of sexual reproduction is proposed to have evolved in
Evolution of sexual reproduction
Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction
DNA-based cloning vector
vector, which has both bacteriophage and plasmid properties. These vectors carry, in addition to the origin of plasmid replication, an origin of replication
Phagemid
Protein family
by the R1 plasmid in Escherichia coli. It was the first type I toxin-antitoxin pair to be identified through characterisation of a plasmid-stabilising
Hok/sok_system
DNA replication in prokaryotes
conjugative plasmid at the oriT. Relaxase may work alone or in a complex of over a dozen proteins known collectively as a relaxosome. In the F-plasmid system
Prokaryotic_DNA_replication
exogenote is an F plasmid which is replicated and directly transferred to the recipient cell by a conjugal bridge. Cells carrying the F plasmid (F+ cells) attach
Exogenote
Transfer of genes from unrelated organisms
transmission of virulence. It often involves temperate bacteriophages and plasmids. Genes responsible for antibiotic resistance in one species of bacteria
Horizontal_gene_transfer
conjugative bacterial plasmids, Mob-class relaxases go by names such as TraI (in plasmid RP4), VirD2 (pTi), TrwC (R388), TraI (F-plasmid), MobB (CloDF13),
Relaxase
Genes necessary for transfer of genetic material
attach themselves to the surface of F-bacteria and initiate the conjugation. The existence of the tra region of a plasmid genome was first discovered in 1979
Transfer_gene
Structural filaments in prokaryotes
F plasmid segregation occurs in a similar system where SopA acts as the cytoskeletal filament and SopB binds to the sopC sequence in the F plasmid, like
Prokaryotic_cytoskeleton
American biologist (born 1961)
Silverman, P. M. (2004). "An Active Type IV Secretion System Encoded by the F Plasmid Sensitizes Escherichia coli to Bile Salts". Journal of Bacteriology. 186
James_Bidlack
Codon Codon usage bias aka Codon preference Cohesive end Cointegrate Col plasmid Colonoscopy Colony Common ancestry Comparative genomics Compartment Competence
Index_of_genetics_articles
PMID 15718296. Ogura, T; Hiraga, S (Aug 1983). "Mini-F plasmid genes that couple host cell division to plasmid proliferation". Proceedings of the National Academy
VapBC
Introduction of foreign genetic material into a host
its offspring. Transgenesis can be facilitated by liposomes, enzymes, plasmid vectors, viral vectors, pronuclear injection, protoplast fusion, and ballistic
Transgenesis
Antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
(July 2016). "Escherichia coli Harboring mcr-1 and blaCTX-M on a Novel IncF Plasmid: First Report of mcr-1 in the United States". Antimicrobial Agents and
Antibiotic
Species of bacterium
consists of a 5,227,419 bp circular chromosome and two extrachromosomal DNA plasmids, pXO1 and pXO2, of 181,677 and 94,830 bp respectively, which are responsible
Bacillus_anthracis
Canadian microbiologist (born 1959)
Academy of Sciences Leopoldina Foreign Member Scientific career Thesis Studies on transfer genes from IncF plasmids. 1986 Website finlaylab.msl.ubc.ca
Brett_Finlay
Set of methods in molecular biology
into a plasmid and that these foreign sequences would be carried into bacteria and replicated as part of the plasmid. That is, these plasmids could serve
Molecular_cloning
Technique in molecular biology
into a plasmid. It involves cleavage by a restriction enzyme at restriction sites in the plasmid and the subsequent ligation into the plasmid of a pair
Site-directed_mutagenesis
Gene editing method
recover transduced cells. There are two plasmid systems in CRISPR/Cas9 libraries. First, is all in one plasmid, where sgRNA and Cas9 are produced simultaneously
CRISPR_gene_editing
Dense cluser of restriction sites in DNA
engineered plasmids. Restriction sites within an MCS are typically unique, occurring only once within a given plasmid. The purpose of an MCS in a plasmid is to
Multiple_cloning_site
Strain of the anthrax bacterium
warfare program in 1969. Researchers have identified two specific virulence plasmids in B. anthracis, with the Ames strain expressing greater virulence compared
Ames_strain
DNA located outside the chromosomes of a cell
bacterial plasmids are classified according to the special functions that the genes encoded on the plasmid provide. Fertility plasmids, or f plasmids, allow
Extrachromosomal_DNA
Type of DNA in bacterial genomes
T-DNA) is the transferred DNA of the tumor-inducing (Ti)/root-inducing (Ri) plasmid of plant-pathogenic bacteria such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Rhizobium
Transfer_DNA
Class of transposable elements that cause hybrid dysgenesis in eukaryotes
no transposase recognition sequences so it cannot insert and a "P Plasmid". P Plasmids always contain a Drosophila reporter gene, often a red-eye marker
P_element
Type of plasmid
An episome is a special type of plasmid, which remains as a part of the eukaryotic genome without integration. Episomes manage this by replicating together
Episome
Proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria
consists of the genes required to make and transfer pili (often encoded on a plasmid), and so is a kind of selfish DNA; however, other pieces of DNA are often
Pilus
(T-DNA) binary system is a pair of plasmids consisting of a T-DNA binary vector and a vir helper plasmid. The two plasmids are used together (thus binary)
Transfer_DNA_binary_system
Surgical removal of the clitoris
University of Chicago Press, 2000, p. 106. For the obituary, see J.F.C. "Isaac Baker Brown, F.R.C.S." Archived 2023-12-23 at the Wayback Machine, Medical Times
Clitoridectomy
Mathematical model
that on a plasmid, two genes interact if they are adjacent, thus giving F ( S 1 S 2 ⋯ S N ) = f 1 ( S 1 , S 2 ) + f 2 ( S 2 , S 3 ) + ⋯ + f N − 1 ( S
NK_model
Bacterium, genetic engineering tool
name was not validated. "At plasmid" or "pAt" when talking about related plasmids Velazquez E, Flores-Felix JD, Sanchez-Juanes F, Igual JM, Peix A (2020)
Agrobacterium_tumefaciens
Genetic alteration of a cell by uptake of genetic material from the environment
tumor-inducing agent was found to be a DNA plasmid called the Ti plasmid. By removing the genes in the plasmid that caused the tumor and adding in novel
Genetic_transformation
Species of bacteria, cause of plague
pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica, Y. pestis is host to the plasmid pCD1. It also hosts two other plasmids, pPCP1 (also called pPla or pPst) and pMT1 (also called
Yersinia_pestis
RNA family
Qi F, Zhou X (September 2001). "Complete nucleotide sequence and characterization of pUA140, a cryptic plasmid from Streptococcus mutans". Plasmid. 46
GEBRO_RNA_motif
DNA plasmid used as a cloning vector
pSC101 is a plasmid that is used as a cloning vector in molecular biology. pSC101 was the first cloning vector, used in 1973 by Herbert Boyer and Stanley
PSC101
Synthetic DNA transposon for vertebrate genetic modification
cellular chromosomes using plasmids, the most common form of non-viral gene delivery. First, expression of transgenes from plasmids is brief due to lack of
Sleeping Beauty transposon system
Sleeping_Beauty_transposon_system
Gene or genetic material that has been transferred from one organism to another
interest), and a stop sequence. These are typically combined in a bacterial plasmid and the coding sequences are typically chosen from transgenes with previously
Transgene
Pathogen resistance to medications
resistance against invading genetic elements such as bacteriophages and plasmids. CRISPR-mediated immunity can indirectly influence antimicrobial resistance
Drug_resistance
vector to construct two fosmid libraries, which contain DNA from bacterial F-plasmids. BAC-end sequences were performed on each library for further analysis
Halobacterium_noricense
Virus or plasmid designed for gene expression in cells
expression vector, otherwise known as an expression construct, is usually a plasmid or virus designed for gene expression in cells. The vector is used to introduce
Expression_vector
Species of bacterium
a tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid and cause crown gall disease in plants. The type strain ATCC 19358 does not carry such a plasmid and is nonpathogenic. The
Agrobacterium_radiobacter
Gene conferring a phenotype useful for artificial selection
organisms (those which do); that is, a recombinant DNA molecule such as a plasmid expression vector is introduced into bacterial cells, and some bacteria
Selectable_marker
DNA sequence whose position in the genome is variable
called a mobilome, which is composed of a large number of plasmids, transposons and viruses. Plasmids: These are generally circular extrachromosomal DNA molecules
Mobile_genetic_elements
Species of bacterium
perfringens can spread antibiotic resistant genes via plasmids. The pCW3 plasmid is the primary conjugation plasmid responsible for creating antibiotic resistance
Clostridium_perfringens
Hybrid of engineering, cybernetics, and robotics
bacterium. There are three main techniques used in genetic engineering: The plasmid method, the vector method and the biolistic method. This technique is used
Biorobotics
Are a class of bacterial replicons (replicating DNA molecules)
"chromids" because they have characteristic features of both chromosomes and plasmids. Early on, it was thought that all core genes could be found on the main
Secondary_chromosome
Vaccine containing DNA
immune response. DNA vaccines work by injecting genetically engineered plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen(s) against which an immune
DNA_vaccine
A shuttle vector is a vector (usually a plasmid) constructed so that it can propagate in two different host species. Therefore, DNA inserted into a shuttle
Shuttle_vector
Type of base-pair DNA sequence
adaptive immune system. The PAM is a component of the invading virus or plasmid, but is not found in the bacterial host genome and hence is not a component
Protospacer_adjacent_motif
DNA screening technique
inserted into a plasmid vector via ligation, and the plasmid is then transformed into Escherichia coli cells. However, not all the plasmids transformed into
Blue–white_screen
Human HGF plasmid DNA therapy of cardiomyocytes is being examined as a potential treatment for coronary artery disease (a major cause of myocardial infarction
Human_HGF_plasmid_DNA_therapy
2010 video game
and fights off Splicers using weapons, environmental hazards, and plasmids. Plasmids grant powers such as telekinesis and must be recharged with "EVE"
BioShock_2
found in a Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 locus located in the symbiotic plasmid B (pSymB). Further homology and structure conservation analysis have identified
Αr35_RNA
Enzymes that cleave DNA in specific ways
have been assembled, they are inserted into plasmids; the target cells are then transfected with the plasmids, and the gene products are expressed and enter
Transcription activator-like effector nuclease
Transcription_activator-like_effector_nuclease
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
years ago). This gap is known as the 'boring billion'. Strassert, Jürgen F. H.; Irisarri, Iker; Williams, Tom A.; Burki, Fabien (25 March 2021). "A molecular
Protist
The mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) gene confers plasmid-mediated resistance to colistin, one of a number of last-resort antibiotics for treating
MCR-1
Antibiotic
resistance may be carried on a plasmid that also codes for resistance to other drugs. One example is the ACCoT plasmid (A=ampicillin, C=chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Species of bacterium
substrates. A new all-inclusive plasmid for P. putida KT2440, was introduced in 2024. This broad host range plasmid (pBBR1MCS2) enables fast iterative
Pseudomonas_putida
Chemical compound
"Zeocin Resistance plasmid". Zeocin Resistance plasmid. InvivoGen (25 November 2016). "Zeocin Resistance plasmid". Zeocin Resistance plasmid. InvivoGen (25
Zeocin
Temporary expression of genes
that are expressed for a short time after nucleic acid, most frequently plasmid DNA encoding an expression cassette, has been introduced into eukaryotic
Transient_expression
address (i.e. the F <+/-> Fn target) this RMCE-principle is a process that can be repeated with the same or a different exchange plasmid ("serial RMCE")
Recombinase-mediated cassette exchange
Recombinase-mediated_cassette_exchange
Genus of bacteria
tumour-inducing (Ti) plasmid. The closely related species, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, induces root tumors, and carries the distinct Ri (root-inducing) plasmid. Although
Agrobacterium
Species of fungus
proteins. Suitable host strains can be transformed with plasmids. The basic design of such plasmids is similar to that described under Hansenula polymorpha
Blastobotrys_adeninivorans
Family of DNA sequences found in prokaryotic organisms
segregating replicated DNA into daughter cells during cell division, because plasmids and chromosomes with identical repeat arrays could not coexist in Haloferax
CRISPR
Chemical compound
Canadian MRSA isolate "MUP87" and is probably located on a nonconjugative plasmid. Pseudomonic acid (mupirocin) inhibits isoleucine—tRNA ligase in bacteria
Mupirocin
Method for separation and analysis of biomolecules using agarose gel
more compact. In a normal plasmid DNA preparation, multiple forms of DNA may be present. Gel electrophoresis of the plasmids would normally show the negatively
Agarose_gel_electrophoresis
Species of fungus
the bait plasmid (pC2HB) contains the Staphylococcus aureus LexA BD, while the prey plasmid (pC2HP) harbors the viral AD VP16. Both plasmids are integrative
Candida_albicans
Biological molecule
ColE1-related plasmids". Molecular Microbiology. 9 (6): 1131–1142. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01243.x. PMID 7523833. S2CID 38698693. Xu F, Lin-Chao S
RNAI
Family of proteins that form microfilaments
homologue that is coded in a plasmid and it is involved in the regulation of plasmid DNA. ParMs from different bacterial plasmids can form astonishingly diverse
Actin
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F PLASMID
F PLASMID
Boy/Male
Latin
Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
Boy/Male
Latin
F: Youthful. The feminine form of Julian. Famous Bearer: Former Queen Juliana of the Netherlands.
Boy/Male
Muslim
The most kind, The clement
Boy/Male
Latin
F: Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
Boy/Male
Latin Gaelic
F: Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
Female
Hindi/Indian
(f शशी, m: शशि): Variant spelling of Hindi unisex Shashi, SASHI means "having a hare."
Boy/Male
Latin
F: Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
Female
Hindi/Indian
(f शशी, m: शशि): Hindi unisex name SHASHI means "having a hare."Â
Girl/Female
Shakespearean
Henry VI, Part 2' Queen to King Henry VI.
Girl/Female
Latin
F: Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
Boy/Male
Latin
F: Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old English personal name FriðulÄf ‘peace-survivor’.
Surname or Lastname
Variant spelling of German Drewes.English
Variant spelling of German Drewes.English : topographic name, from Old English drÄf ‘drove’, ‘cattle track’.
Male
Egyptian
, a mystical demon.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Farnell belonging to southwestern England, where the change from f to v arose from the voicing of f that was characteristic of this area in Middle English.
Male
Egyptian
, a prophet and priest of Amen Ra.
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Christophoros, KRISTÓF means "Christ-bearer."Â
Boy/Male
Latin Gaelic
F: Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
Boy/Male
Latin American
F: Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
Boy/Male
Indian
The most kind, The clement
F PLASMID
F PLASMID
F PLASMID
F PLASMID
F PLASMID
F PLASMID
F PLASMID
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