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DNA sequence whose position in the genome is variable
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), sometimes called selfish genetic elements, are a type of genetic material that can move around within a genome, or that
Mobile_genetic_elements
Kingdom of archaea
eukaryotes. In addition to viruses, several groups of cryptic mobile genetic elements have been discovered through CRISPR spacer matching to be associated
Asgard_archaea
Defense system in bacteria and archaea
systems are major players in the co-evolutionary interaction between mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and their hosts. Genes encoding R-M systems have been reported
Restriction modification system
Restriction_modification_system
DNA that does not code for proteins
retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements. Retrotransposon repeated sequences, which include long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed
Non-coding_DNA
Mobile genetic elements
Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are mobile genetic elements present in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In a donor cell, ICEs
Integrative and conjugative element
Integrative_and_conjugative_element
DNA sequence that jumps/transposes within a genome
Transposable elements (TEs), also known as transposons, jumping genes, or mobile genetic elements, are DNA sequences that can change their position, or
Transposable_element
Database of mobile genetic elements
Gypsy (GyDB) is a wiki-style database of mobile genetic elements. Classification of mobile genetic elements Horizontal gene transfer Llorens, Carlos; Futami
Gypsy_(database)
Severity of disease pathogens on its host
chromosomal DNA, bacteriophage DNA or plasmids. Certain bacteria employ mobile genetic elements and horizontal gene transfer. Therefore, strategies to combat certain
Virulence
Microbial community assemblage and activity
microbiome. The integration of phages, viruses, plasmids, and mobile genetic elements is more controversial. Whipps's "theatre of activity" includes
Microbiome
Part of a gene that is spliced away
examination of intron structure by DNA sequence analysis, together with genetic and biochemical analysis of RNA splicing reactions. At least four distinct
Intron
Kind of transposon
these unusual TTAA-specific elements came through a somewhat unconventional route relative to most other Class II mobile elements. Spontaneous plaque morphology
PiggyBac_transposon_system
Class of mobile genetic elements
Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) (also known as long interspersed nucleotide elements or long interspersed elements) are a group of non-LTR (long
Long interspersed nuclear element
Long_interspersed_nuclear_element
CLAssification of Mobile genetic Elements) is a database of sequenced mobile genetic elements. Gypsy (database) Mobile genetic elements Leplae, Raphaël;
ACLAME
them to survive outside of cells, thus promoting the spread of mobile genetic elements. The mechanism by which conservative transposition occurs is called
Conservative_transposition
Species of Gram-positive bacterium
the same lineage are mostly conserved, except for mobile genetic elements. Mobile genetic elements that are common in S. aureus include bacteriophages
Staphylococcus_aureus
Alteration in the nucleotide sequence of a genome
substitution, insertion or deletion of segments of DNA due to mobile genetic elements. Mutations may or may not produce detectable changes in the observable
Mutation
Genetic segments that can enhance their own transmission at the expense of other genes
Selfish genetic elements (historically also referred to as selfish genes, ultra-selfish genes, selfish DNA, parasitic DNA and genomic outlaws) are genetic segments
Selfish_genetic_element
Transfer of genes from unrelated organisms
genes. Most mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes are in hotspots, but many hotspots lack recognizable mobile genetic elements and exhibit
Horizontal_gene_transfer
Family of DNA sequences found in prokaryotic organisms
arose from subsequent independent insertions of mobile genetic elements. These mobile genetic elements took the place of the multiple gene effector modules
CRISPR
Type of molecules produced by a pathogen that might cause potential harmful effects
obtained from mobile genetic elements like plasmids and bacteriophages (e.g. some exotoxins). Virulence factors encoded on mobile genetic elements spread through
Virulence_factor
Staphylococcus mobile genetic element
staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, is a mobile genetic element of Staphylococcus bacterial species. This genetic sequence includes the mecA gene coding
SCCmec
Fictional sailor
for mobile genetic elements like retrotransposons to be named after mythical, historical, or literary travelers; for example, the well-known mobile genetic
Sinbad_the_Sailor
Type of transposable element
fungi can adapt. The transfer of genes with adaptive functions via mobile genetic elements is well established in prokaryotes, where it is important for phenomena
Starship_(genetics)
The mobilome is the entire set of mobile genetic elements in a genome. Mobilomes are found in eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses. The compositions of
Mobilome
Kind of transposon
adapt to new environments, making IS elements an important mechanism for evolution in bacteria. Mobile genetic elements Mahillon, Jacques; Chandler, Michael
Insertion_sequence
McNulty NP, Zhao Y, Leip D, Mitra RD, Lozupone CA, et al. Identifying genetic determinants needed to establish a human gut symbiont in its habitat. Cell
Transposon_sequencing
Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
loops forming a "cloud" around the factor. A molecule that allows the genetic material to be realized as a protein was first hypothesized by François
Transcription_(biology)
The arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) is a mobile genetic element of Staphylococcus bacterial species. This genetic element provides for several
Arginine catabolic mobile element
Arginine_catabolic_mobile_element
Type of transposable element in genomes
recognized and annotated in Repbase, a database of repetitive DNA elements maintained by the Genetic Information Research Institute: Academ Crypton CryptonF CryptonA
DNA_transposon
Class of transposable elements that cause hybrid dysgenesis in eukaryotes
P elements are transposable elements that were discovered in Drosophila as the causative agents of genetic traits called hybrid dysgenesis. The transposon
P_element
CRISPR-associated transposons or CASTs are mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that have evolved to make use of minimal CRISPR systems for RNA-guided transposition
CRISPR-associated_transposons
Topics referred to by the same term
forms a closed loop and has no ends. Examples include: Plasmids, mobile genetic elements cccDNA, formed by some viruses inside cell nuclei Circular bacterial
Circular_DNA
on mobile genetic elements. Similarly, in an analysis of the resistome in a water treatment plant, plasmids and other protein-coding mobile genetic elements
Resistome
Genus of Gram-positive bacteria
the staphylococci evolve, especially due to the acquisition of mobile genetic elements encoding resistance and virulence genes is helping to identify
Staphylococcus
Genus of bacteria
Robert; Williams, Kelly (June 6, 2014). "Resistance Determinants and Mobile Genetic Elements of an NDM-1-Encoding Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain". PLOS ONE. 9
Raoultella
Type of behavior of a dynamical system
mechanism which does not make a perfect copy (mutation) will experience genetic variation and will create variants of itself. These variants will be subject
Self-replication
Family of retrotransposons
genomic loci. Retrozymes possess close similarities to types of mobile genetic elements (MGE), especially viroids, satellite RNA (satRNA), and Ribozyviria
Retrozyme
Bacteriophage genome that is integrated into a bacterial cell
phage particles that will lyse the cell and spread. As ubiquitous mobile genetic elements, prophages play important roles in bacterial genetics and evolution
Prophage
Artificial plasmid
made it suitable as a cloning vector. The plasmid was constructed with genetic material from three main sources: the tetracycline resistance gene of pSC101
PBR322
Biological process
mutagenesis uses specific cloned genes from the host species to incorporate genetic elements. Another effective approach is to deliver transposons through viral
Transposon_mutagenesis
Gene editing system
is not yet clear but could include defence against viruses and mobile genetic elements. Like CRISPR-Cas, the TIGR-Tas system can be used for gene editing
TIGR-Tas
Biological process
division: a vegetative division (mitosis), producing daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell, and a cell division that produces haploid
Cell_division
Islander is a database of integrative islands in prokaryotic genomes. Mobile genetic elements Mantri, Yogita; Williams Kelly P (Jan 2004). "Islander: a database
Islander_(database)
Proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria
where conjugation apparatus typically mediates the transfer of mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids or transposons, the conjugative machinery of
Pilus
Plasmid cloning vector
pUC19 is one of a series of plasmid cloning vectors designed by Joachim Messing and co-workers. The designation "pUC" is derived from the classical "p"
PUC19
Synthetic DNA transposon for vertebrate genetic modification
animals and for gene therapy. The genetic cargo can be an expression cassette—a transgene and associated elements that confer transcriptional regulation
Sleeping Beauty transposon system
Sleeping_Beauty_transposon_system
American scientist and cytogeneticist (1902–1992)
discovering "mobile genetic elements"; this was more than 30 years after she initially described the phenomenon of controlling elements. She was compared
Barbara_McClintock
Gene that has limited phylogenetic distribution
that at least 56% were recently acquired from integrative elements (or mobile genetic elements) from non-cellular sources such as viruses and plasmids that
Orphan_gene
S2CID 31040875. Lambowitz, A. M.; Belfort, M. (1993). "Introns as Mobile Genetic Elements". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 62: 587–622. doi:10.1146/annurev
History_of_RNA_biology
Type of DNA in bacterial genomes
research as well as for commercial production of transgenic crops. In genetic engineering, the tumor-promoting and opine-synthesis genes are removed
Transfer_DNA
Mobile genetic element in the genome of S. aureus
(Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands) are a family of ~15 kb mobile genetic elements resident in the genomes of the vast majority of S. aureus strains
SaPI
Biological process
translation (the biological synthesis of new proteins in accordance with the genetic code), could have been a replicator molecule itself in the early abiogenesis
DNA_replication
Concept in biological evolution
McClintock, the existence of multiple cellular mechanisms (including mobile genetic elements) that can restructure DNA. From these, Shapiro concludes: [I]t
Natural_genetic_engineering
Computational biologist
understanding of CRISPR-Cas systems and their association with mobile genetic elements (MGEs). His review in Nature Reviews Microbiology provided a comprehensive
Guilhem_Faure
Type of nucleic acid sequence
in certain types of genetic disease in humans and other eukaryotes. In essence, short interspersed nuclear elements are genetic parasites which have
Short interspersed nuclear element
Short_interspersed_nuclear_element
Enzyme which generates DNA
and hepatitis B to replicate their genomes, by retrotransposon mobile genetic elements to proliferate within the host genome, and by eukaryotic cells
Reverse_transcriptase
Part of a genome that has evidence of horizontal origins
of other mobile elements such as phages and plasmids. Some genomic islands, including those adjacent to integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), can
Genomic_island
de la Cruz F (2011). "Plasmid segregation without partition". Mobile Genetic Elements. 1 (3): 236–241. doi:10.4161/mge.1.3.18229. PMC 3271553. PMID 22312593
Plasmid_partition_system
Type of genetic component
Retrotransposons (also called Class I transposable elements) are mobile elements which move in the host genome by converting their transcribed RNA into
Retrotransposon
Prion Mammalian prion Fungal prion Nucleic acid self-replication Mobile genetic elements Mobilome Horizontal gene transfer Genomic island Transposable element
Helper_dependent_virus
doubly so, since alterations to the genetic and epigenetic code will be more easily inherited. While transposable elements may affect any number of different
Epigenetic regulation of transposable elements in the plant kingdom
Epigenetic_regulation_of_transposable_elements_in_the_plant_kingdom
end. If this was the end of the matter the transposon would perish by genetic drift and the loss of copies owing to the occasional failure to achieve
Tn10
Genus of bacteria
beta-lactamases encoded by the chromosome or a plasmid and associated with mobile genetic elements have been described in Capnocytophaga spp. The most common are:
Capnocytophaga
Class of roundworms
transposable element family shapes genetic variation and gene expression in the protist Trichomonas vaginalis". Mobile DNA. 5: 12. doi:10.1186/1759-8753-5-12
Tc1/mariner
Plasmid in bacteria
ColE1 is a plasmid found in bacteria. Its name derives from the fact that it carries a gene for colicin E1 (the cea gene). It also codes for immunity from
ColE1
harnessed as a genetic tool for the analysis of gene and protein function. The use of transposons is well-developed in Drosophila (in which P elements are most
Transposons_as_a_genetic_tool
Small DNA molecule within a cell
gain of genetic material. Such events are frequently triggered by the transposition of mobile elements or by the presence of unstable elements such as
Plasmid
RNA transcript from the CRISPR locus
immune system found in bacteria and archaea to protect against mobile genetic elements, like viruses, plasmids, and transposons. The CRISPR locus contains
CRISPR_RNA
Being between human and posthuman
2014 article from Ars Technica speculated that mutating clumps of mobile genetic elements known as "transposons" could possibly be used as a semi-parasitic
Transhuman
Cellular process of protein synthesis
generated. The matching from nucleotide triple to amino acid is called the genetic code. The translation is performed by a large complex of functional RNA
Translation_(biology)
DNA strand exchange
pathogenesis, and movement of mobile genetic elements. For the same reasons, they present a potential basis for the development of genetic engineering tools. Recombination
Site-specific_recombination
Group of transposable elements
PMID 24179226. Erwin JA, Marchetto MC, Gage FH (August 2014). "Mobile DNA elements in the generation of diversity and complexity in the brain". Nature
LINE1
Organism resembling a form long shown in the fossil records
coelacanth: Can a "living fossil" have active transposable elements in its genome?". Mobile Genetic Elements. 5 (4): 55–9. doi:10.1080/2159256X.2015.1052184. PMC 4588170
Living_fossil
increasingly thought to form one component of a complex genetic network linking selfish genetic elements in eukaryotic genomes with double-stranded DNA viruses
Polinton
Type of transposable element
transposon, which is tolerated by the host. Helitrons, as most of other mobile elements in the A. thaliana and C. elegans genomes are present in the genomes
Helitron_(biology)
Long terminal repeat retrotransposon, a genetic element
integration". Mobile DNA. 4 (1): 8. doi:10.1186/1759-8753-4-8. PMC 3605345. PMID 23448600. Macas, J; Neumann, P (1 April 2007). "Ogre elements--a distinct
LTR_retrotransposon
Mobile genetic element found in prokaryotes
The Tn3 transposon is a 4957 base pair mobile genetic element, found in prokaryotes. Tn3 is medically relevant because it confers antibiotic resistance
Tn3_transposon
Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are a family of retroelements that were first found in Bordetella phage (BPP-1), and since been found in bacteria
Diversity-generating retroelement
Diversity-generating_retroelement
American biologist and academic
parasite Wolbachia pipientis wMel: a streamlined genome overrun by mobile genetic elements "Elizabeth McGraw named head of Department of Biology". Penn State
Elizabeth_McGraw
RNA family
Transfer-messenger RNA (abbreviated tmRNA, also known as 10Sa RNA and by its genetic name SsrA) is a bacterial RNA molecule with dual tRNA-like and messenger
Transfer-messenger_RNA
Exchange of genetic material
Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is the exchange of genetic material between two identical sister chromatids. It was first discovered by using the Giemsa
Sister_chromatid_exchange
Virus that infects bacteria
EC (December 2012). "Paradigms of pathogenesis: targeting the mobile genetic elements of disease". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.
Bacteriophage
American biologist
interpretations of bacterial genetics and growth, especially the action of mobile genetic elements and the formation of bacterial colonies." And in 2001, he was made
James_A._Shapiro
Very large DNA virus
or politons that are found in some eukaryotic cells. In 2013, mobile genetic elements with segments homologous to genes in virophages, called transpovirons
Giant_virus
transfer efficiency (virC and virE). Several chromosomal-determined genetic elements have shown their functional role in the attachment of A. tumefaciens
Plant_transformation_vector
Pathogenic small single-stranded circular RNA
Avsunviroidae, however, they are capable of self-clevage. In the 2020s, mobile genetic elements called ambiviruses were discovered in fungi. Their RNA genomes
Viroid
the telomere and heterochromatin. The Ty5 retrotransposon is used as a genetic model to study the architecture and dynamics of the telomeres and heterochromatin
Ty5_retrotransposon
Species of bacterium
casei includes transformation, conjugation, and transduction. The mobile genetic elements found within the genome, known as mobilomes, play an important
Lacticaseibacillus_casei
DNA", in Craig, N. L.; Craigie, R.; Gellert, M.; Lambowitz, A. M. (eds.), Mobile DNA II, American Society for Microbiology, pp. 384–402, ISBN 9781555812096
Replicative_transposition
DNA-editing technology
context, Cas12a targets and destroys the genetic material of viruses and other foreign mobile genetic elements. In a target organism, crRNA contains a
Cas12a
Species of bacterium
2025). "Genomic characterization of antimicrobial resistance and mobile genetic elements in swine gut bacteria isolated from a Canadian research farm".
Staphylococcus_pasteuri
maintaining them, these plasmids are often referred to as selfish elements or genetic parasites.The maintenance of cryptic plasmids might be explained
Cryptic_plasmids
Species of bacterium
and Drug Administration because H. coagulans does not contain mobile genetic elements. Since the bacterium is not pathogenic in humans or animals, it
Heyndrickxia_coagulans
Species of bacterium
2005.04964.x. PMID 16390436. Cehovin A, Lewis SB (August 2017). "Mobile genetic elements in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: movement for change". Pathogens and Disease
Neisseria_gonorrhoeae
Topics referred to by the same term
Russia, where gypsum was mined Gypsy (database), a database of mobile genetic elements Gypsy (software), a word processing program General Intensional
Gypsy_(disambiguation)
Enzyme that catalyzes movement of transposable elements
the high levels of transposon integration. The Tn7 transposon is a mobile genetic element found in many prokaryotes such as Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Transposase
Genus of viruses
LTR retrotransposons in the family Metaviridae. Known members are LTR elements endogenized in insect genomes and share structural features with vertebrate
Errantivirus
(2003). "Generating and manipulating transgenic animals using transposable elements". Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 1: 80. doi:10.1186/1477-7827-1-80
Simple_transposon
Organisms capable of living in extreme environments
Hania WB, Forterre P, Erauso G (2013). "Insights into dynamics of mobile genetic elements in hyperthermophilic environments from five new Thermococcus plasmids"
Extremophile
Ancestor of all current life on Earth
Caetano-Anollés, Gustavo (1 September 2012). "Viral evolution". Mobile Genetic Elements. 2 (5): 247–252. doi:10.4161/mge.22797. PMC 3575434. PMID 23550145
Last universal common ancestor
Last_universal_common_ancestor
MOBILE GENETIC-ELEMENTS
MOBILE GENETIC-ELEMENTS
Girl/Female
Australian, French, German
Of the Race of Women; White Wave
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Charming
Male
English
Middle English form of French Moisé, MOISE means "drawn out."
Female
English
English variant spelling of French Jeanette, GENETTE means "God is gracious."
Boy/Male
Australian, Hawaiian, Hebrew
Origin
Surname or Lastname
English
English : possibly a variant of Goble or Gobel.Perhaps an Americanized spelling of French Gobeil.
Girl/Female
Biblical American Hebrew
Beginning.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Mabel, MABLE means "lovable."Â
Male
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, from Latin nobilis, NOBLE means "noble."
Boy/Male
British, Celtic, English, Welsh
Cherished
Girl/Female
Indian
Female
English
(ΓÎνεσις) English name of Greek origin, derived from the word genesis, GENESIS means "creation, generation, origin, source," from gignesthai "to be born," which is related to genos "birth, descent, race." In the bible, this is the name of the first book of the Old Testament.
Girl/Female
Australian, British, Celtic, Danish, English, German, Italian, Latin
Woman of Venice
Girl/Female
French German
Of the race of women.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Biblical, Chinese, Christian, Greek, Hawaiian, Hebrew
Beginning; Origin
Female
French
Feminine form of French Odilon, ODILE means "wealthy."
Girl/Female
Celtic Italian
Blessed.
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English, Jamaican
From Venetia
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Molly, MOLLIE means "obstinacy, rebelliousness" or "their rebellion."Â
Girl/Female
British, English, French, Latin, Portuguese
Rules
MOBILE GENETIC-ELEMENTS
MOBILE GENETIC-ELEMENTS
Girl/Female
Muslim
Radiant, Illuminating, Enlightening
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Wise and Intelligent
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained; perhaps a variant spelling of Light.
Boy/Male
British, English, Gaelic, Irish
Fair; Handsome; Both a Diminutive of Albert; Noble; Rock; Comely
Girl/Female
Tamil
Prantika | பà¯à®°à®¨à¯à®¤à¯€à®•à®¾Â
End
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian, Sindhi
Ever; Always
Female
Finnish
Finnish form of Russian Vera, VEERA means "faith; truth."Â
Boy/Male
Hindu
Brave
Boy/Male
Indian
The first Lord or Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Large eyes moon like
MOBILE GENETIC-ELEMENTS
MOBILE GENETIC-ELEMENTS
MOBILE GENETIC-ELEMENTS
MOBILE GENETIC-ELEMENTS
MOBILE GENETIC-ELEMENTS
a.
Same as Genetical.
n.
The fur of the common genet (Genetta vulgaris); also, any skin dressed in imitation of this fur.
v. t.
To make noble; to ennoble.
n.
A fishing boat. See Coble.
v. t.
To prompt or incite by a motive or motives; to move.
v. t.
To make or mend coarsely; to patch; to botch; as, to cobble shoes.
a.
Disposed to be taught; tractable; easily managed; as, a docile child.
n. & v.
See Moil, and Moile.
n.
Alt. of Genette
a.
Producing motion; as, motile powers.
a.
Pertaining to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; as, the Gangetic shark.
a.
Characterized by an extreme degree of fluidity; moving or flowing with great freedom; as, benzine and mercury are mobile liquids; -- opposed to viscous, viscoidal, or oily.
a.
Pertaining to, concerned with, or determined by, the genesis of anything, or its natural mode of production or development.
a.
Changing in appearance and expression under the influence of the mind; as, mobile features.
a.
Having powers of self-motion, though unconscious; as, the motile spores of certain seaweeds.
imp. & p. p.
of Moil
n.
An African genet (Genetta pardina). See Genet.
n.
One of several species of small Carnivora of the genus Genetta, allied to the civets, but having the scent glands less developed, and without a pouch.
a.
Causing motion; having power to move, or tending to move; as, a motive argument; motive power.
superl.
Grand; stately; magnificent; splendid; as, a noble edifice.