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Group of proteolytic enzymes
Glutamic proteases are a group of proteolytic enzymes containing a glutamic acid residue within the active site. This type of protease was first described
Glutamic_protease
Enzyme that cleaves other proteins into smaller peptides
thiol Threonine proteases - using a threonine secondary alcohol Aspartic proteases - using an aspartate carboxylic acid Glutamic proteases - using a glutamate
Protease
Protein family
aspartyl proteases found in the Malaria-causing parasite Plasmodium Glutamic protease The Proteolysis Map Fusek M, Mares M, Vetvicka V (2013-01-01). "Chapter
Aspartic_protease
Topics referred to by the same term
acidic proteases: Aspartic proteases - that use a catalytic aspartic acid in their active site Glutamic proteases - that use a catalytic glutamic acid in
Acidic_protease
Proteolytic enzyme
aspartic protease, but determination of its molecular structure showed it to belong a novel group of proteases, glutamic protease. The protease has a unique
Scytalidopepsin_B
Class of enzymes
charged aspartic acid or glutamic acid). The S1 pocket of chymotrypsin-like enzymes is more hydrophobic than in trypsin-like proteases. This results in a specificity
Serine_protease
Breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids
Cysteine protease Serine protease Threonine protease Aspartic protease Glutamic protease Metalloprotease Asparagine peptide lyase Certain types of venom
Proteolysis
Chemical compound
acid introduced into proteins by a post-translational carboxylation of glutamic acid residues. This modification is found, for example, in clotting factors
Carboxyglutamic_acid
Extracellular serine protease
21.19, SspA, V8 protease, GluV8, endoproteinase Glu-C, staphylococcal serine proteinase) is an extracellular bacterial serine protease of the glutamyl
Glutamyl_endopeptidase_GluV8
Type of enzyme
A metalloproteinase, or metalloprotease, is any protease enzyme whose catalytic mechanism involves a metal. An example is ADAM12 which plays a significant
Metalloproteinase
metalloprotease in a similar fashion. Proteases of this group hydrolyzes peptide bonds after the negatively charged glutamic acid or aspartic acid, with a higher
Glutamyl_endopeptidase_I
enzyme was previously thought be an aspartic protease, but it was later shown to be a glutamic protease with a catalytic Glu residue at the active site
Aspergillopepsin_II
Medical condition
a glutamic acid-specific serine protease with concentrated specificity. Which results in the cleavage of human Dsg1 at a unique site after glutamic acid
Bullous_impetigo
Breddam K (November 1991). "The primary structure of the glutamic acid-specific protease of Streptomyces griseus". FEBS Letters. 292 (1–2): 165–7. Bibcode:1991FEBSL
Glutamyl_endopeptidase_II
Enzyme involved in blood coagulation in humans
Thrombin (factor IIa, EC 3.4.21.5) is a serine protease that converts fibrinogen into strands of insoluble fibrin, as well as catalyzing many other coagulation-related
Thrombin
Group of brain diseases induced by prions
Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia, kuru, and variably protease-sensitive prionopathy. Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease has been divided into
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
Transmissible_spongiform_encephalopathy
Protein domain
Caspases (cysteine-aspartic proteases, cysteine aspartases or cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases) are a family of protease enzymes playing essential
Caspase
Traditional Japanese seasoning
"rural miso", domestic barley is used more than imported barley. Containing glutamic acid and aromatic compounds such as ferulic acid and vanillic acid, barley
Miso
precursor Proteolysis Nucleophilic substitution Protease cysteine- serine- threonine- aspartic- glutamic- metallo- Rawlings, N. D.; Barrett, A. J.; Bateman
Asparagine_peptide_lyase
Type of biochemical process
regulates proteases is through protease inhibitors. Protease inhibitors can be other proteins, small peptides, or molecules. There are two types of protease inhibitors:
Protein_metabolism
Pharmaceutical drug classification
A09AA01 Diastase A09AA02 Multienzymes (lipase, protease, etc.) A09AA03 Pepsin A09AA04 Tilactase A09AB01 Glutamic acid hydrochloride A09AB02 Betaine hydrochloride
ATC_code_A09
Solution of component parts of a protein
gelatin. Protein hydrolysis release savory free amino acids (especially glutamic acid) and peptides. Hydrolyzed vegetable protein and yeast extract are
Hydrolyzed_protein
Immature soybean pod used as a specialty food
factors contributing to edamame's flavor include free amino acids such as glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and alanine. Often these unbound amino acids decrease
Edamame
Enzyme in human blood that degrades clots and other proteins
zymogen form of plasminogen) is encoded by the PLG gene. Plasmin is a serine protease that acts to dissolve fibrin blood clots. Apart from fibrinolysis, plasmin
Plasmin
Fermentation starter
potato is split into glucose, creating a sweet taste. The amino acids glutamic acid and to a lesser extent also aspartic acid split off from the proteins
Kōji_(food)
Protein
transcripts, and 37 orthologues. C3orf62 is flanked by Ubiquitin Specific Protease 4 (USP4) and Coil-Coiled Domain Containing 36 (CCDC36). C3orf62 possesses
C3orf62
Protein domain
The sedolisin (MEROPS S53) family of peptidases are a family of serine proteases structurally related to the subtilisin (S8) family. Well-known members
Sedolisin
Family of zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidases
adamalysins, serralysins, and astacins. The MMPs belong to a larger family of proteases known as the metzincin superfamily. Collectively, these enzymes are capable
Matrix_metalloproteinase
Foodstuffs obtained by protein hydrolysis
threonine. Another important substance that gives a characteristic taste is glutamic acid. Almost all products rich in protein are suitable for the production
Hydrolyzed_vegetable_protein
leukoencephalopathy (PML) – prophylactic drug – prophylaxis – protease – protease inhibitors – protease-sparing regimen – proteins – protocol – protozoa – provirus
Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles
Index_of_HIV/AIDS-related_articles
Protein found in humans
teleosts. The CASP3 protein is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role
Caspase_3
Species of bacterium
Bacillus, contains peptidoglycan with lysine, aspartic acid, alanine and glutamic acid. L. sphaericus has five homology groups (I-V), with group II further
Lysinibacillus_sphaericus
Medical condition
substitution leading to a glutamic acid to lysine mutation at position 342 (dbSNP: rs28929474), while PiS is caused by a glutamic acid to valine mutation
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Alpha-1_antitrypsin_deficiency
Pharmaceutical drug
proenzyme sequence. Like natural TPP1, cerliponase alfa functions as a serine protease, cleaving N-terminal tripeptides from a broad range of protein substrates
Cerliponase_alfa
Japanese fermented soybeans
ferment too long, then ammonia is released. The fermenting of natto develops glutamic acid, which is why it has an umami flavour.[citation needed] Natto is historically
Natto
Filamentous fungus
aminopeptidase cleave amino acids from proteins and polypeptides like glutamic acid, an amino acid that contributes to the characteristic umami flavor
Aspergillus_oryzae
Food product from processed yeast
extracts and fermented foods contain glutamic acid (free glutamates), an amino acid which adds an umami flavor. Glutamic acid is found in meat, cheese, fungi
Yeast_extract
Glucagon-like peptide 2 Glucosamine Glucose – C6H12O6 Glucose oxidase Glutamic acid Glutamine Glutamate (neurotransmitter) Glutathione Gluten Glycan Glycerin
List_of_biomolecules
Germ-line theory Germinal mutation Germline mutation Giemsa stain Gln Glutamic acid Gly God gene Gradient gRNA Ground state Group 1 intron Group II intron
Index_of_genetics_articles
East Asian liquid condiment
analysis, the most abundant amino acids in Chinese soy sauce product are glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and leucine. Starch is hydrolyzed into simple
Soy_sauce
Chemical compound
acid as well as the transfer of an amine group from glutamine to form glutamic acid and 2-amino-2-desoxyisochorismic acid (ADIC). Following this, PhzD
Pyocyanin
Process of formation of blood clots
reactions, in which a zymogen (inactive enzyme precursor) of a serine protease and its glycoprotein co-factor are activated to become active components
Coagulation
Medication used to treat malaria
spike protein required for viral entry into cells can be accomplished by proteases TMPRSS2 located on the cell membrane, or by cathepsins (primarily cathepsin
Chloroquine
Chemical compound
biosynthesis in bacteria from a ribosomally translated precursor peptide, PqqA. A glutamic acid and a tyrosine in PqqA are cross-linked by the radical SAM enzyme
Pyrroloquinoline_quinone
Nutrient for the human body
the stomach into smaller polypeptide chains via hydrochloric acid and protease actions. This is crucial for the absorption of the essential amino acids
Protein_(nutrient)
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
inactivating proteins Factor Va and Factor VIIIa. APC is classified as a serine protease since it contains a residue of serine in its active site. In humans, protein
Protein_C
arginine and lysine. If there is an acidic amino acid like aspartic acid or glutamic acid in direct neighborhood to the cutting site, the rate of hydrolysis
In-gel_digestion
Catalysis of chemical reactions by enzymes
acidic or basic groups are this employed in the active site, such as the glutamic and aspartic acid, histidine, cystine, tyrosine, lysine and arginine, as
Enzyme_catalysis
Legume grown for its edible bean
content, soybeans also contain high levels of protease inhibitors, which can prevent digestion. Protease inhibitors are reduced by cooking soybeans, and
Soybean
Biochemical process applied in industrial production
metabolites. Some examples of primary metabolites are ethanol, citric acid, glutamic acid, lysine, vitamins and polysaccharides. Some examples of secondary
Industrial_fermentation
Human gene
most abundant was serine which contributes to 8.6% of the total protein. Glutamic acid was third most abundant and contributes to 7.7% of the protein. This
ODR4
Human chromosome
domain-containing protein SAMSN-1 SH3BGR: encoding SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich protein SIK1: encoding serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK1 SIM2:
Chromosome_21
Chemical compound
the Vo domain through a cytoplasmic hemichannel. This allows conserved glutamic acid residues within the proteolipid ring of Vo subunits c and c" to become
Bafilomycin
Class of enzymes capable of forming isopeptide bonds in certain regions of proteins
Gln-(C=O)NHR + NH3 These enzymes can also deamidate glutamine residues to glutamic acid residues in the presence of water Gln-(C=O)NH2 + H2O → Gln-COOH +
Transglutaminase
Neurological disease of humans, caused by eating certain legumes of the genus Lathyrus
useful to reduce ODAP content. Moist heat (boiling, steaming) denatures protease inhibitors which otherwise add to the toxic effect of raw chickling pea
Neurolathyrism
Practice of germinating seeds to be eaten raw or cooked
leads to hydrolysis of prolamins and the liberated amino acids such as glutamic and proline are converted to limiting amino acids such as lysine." "In
Sprouting
Genus of bacteria
as in the production of alpha amylase used in starch hydrolysis and the protease subtilisin used in detergents. B. subtilis is a valuable model for bacterial
Bacillus
Amino acid
Etomidate Ginseng constituents (e.g., ginsenosides (e.g., ginsenoside-Rf)) Glutamic acid (glutamate) Ivermectin Ketamine Neuroactive steroids (e.g., alfaxolone
Serine
Microbes capable of survival in alkaline environments
polymers composed of residues such as galacturonic acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and phosphoric acid. Together, these residues form
Alkaliphile
Fish sauce originating from east coast of Peninsular Malaysia
microorganisms surviving during the fermentation process: high amounts of glutamic acid and aspartic acid are produced contributing to its umaminess, while
Budu_(sauce)
Process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein
phosphorylated post-translationally, including arginine, lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and cysteine, and these phosphorylated amino acids have been identified
Protein_phosphorylation
Organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groups
circumstances. Enzymes in very low pH environments, like the aspartic protease pepsin in mammalian stomachs, may have catalytic aspartate or glutamate
Amino_acid
Protein involved in coagulation
Factor IX (EC 3.4.21.22) is one of the serine proteases involved in coagulation; it belongs to peptidase family S1. Deficiency of this protein causes
Factor_IX
Infection caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria
is due to the bacterium's two principal virulence factors: the poly-D-glutamic acid capsule, which protects the bacterium from phagocytosis by host neutrophils;
Anthrax
Class of chondritic meteorites
host five protein amino acids (glycine, alanine, valine, proline, and glutamic acid) in addition to 12 non-proteinogenic amino acids including α-aminoisobutyric
Carbonaceous_chondrite
Protein involved in multiple prion diseases
protein can exist in multiple isoforms: the normal PrPC form, and the protease-resistant form designated PrPRes such as the disease-causing PrPSc (scrapie)
Major_prion_protein
this enzyme is unable to cleave isoaspartic acid. Typically cleavage of glutamic acid requires specific conditions, but is much slower than the aspartyl
Peptidyl-Asp metalloendopeptidase
Peptidyl-Asp_metalloendopeptidase
Stereogenic group placed on a molecule to encourage stereoselectivity in reactions
steps from (S)-proline, and RAMP can be prepared in six steps from (R)-glutamic acid. Preparation of SAMP and RAMP from commercially available materials
Chiral_auxiliary
Process that kills nerve cells
activates a number of enzymes, including phospholipases, endonucleases, and proteases such as calpain. These enzymes go on to damage cell structures such as
Excitotoxicity
Linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein
{C^{\alpha }} } atom to form D-amino acids, which cannot be cleaved by most proteases. Additionally, proline can form stable trans-isomers at the peptide bond
Protein_primary_structure
Codes for food additives
salts emulsifier E1100 Amylase stabiliser, flavour enhancer E1101 Proteases ((i)Protease, (ii)Papain, (iii)Bromelain, (iv)Ficin) stabiliser, flavour enhancer
E_number
Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
flesh". Around 1862, Karl Heinrich Ritthausen isolated the amino acid glutamic acid. Thomas Burr Osborne compiled a detailed review of the vegetable proteins
Protein
Species of bacterium
for engineering B12 production. P. megaterium is known to produce poly-γ-glutamic acid. The accumulation of the polymer is greatly increased in a saline
Priestia_megaterium
Glycoprotein involved in neuronal migration
Dwivedi Y, Grayson DR, et al. (November 2000). "Decrease in reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase67 (GAD67) expression in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder:
Reelin
Evolutionary change of the host specificity of a parasite or pathogen
human adapted influenza strains. In IAVs, the residue at position 627 is glutamic acid (E) whereas in mammal infecting influenza, this residue is mutated
Host_switch
Vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein synthesized in the liver
domain and several EGF-like domains (four rather than two), but no serine protease domain. Instead, there is a large C-terminus domain that is homologous
Protein_S
Species of fungus
on nematodes, the fungus uses cellobiose, L-asparagine, L-arginine, DL glutamic acid for its carbon and nitrogen sources. Predation of nematodes occurs
Arthrobotrys_oligospora
Type of cysteine protease
firstly identified and characterised in Drosophila in 1999 as a cysteine protease containing an amino-terminal caspase recruitment domain. At first, it was
Death regulator Nedd2-like caspase
Death_regulator_Nedd2-like_caspase
Neuron membrane protein
membranes of neuronal and glial cells. Glutamate (the conjugate base of glutamic acid) is abundant in the human body, but particularly in the nervous system
Glutamate_receptor
Terminally differentiated keratinocytes
corneum. When filaggrin is degraded, urea, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, glutamic acid and other amino acids are produced. These are collectively referred
Corneocyte
Class of light-sensitive proteins
astropsins from sea urchins and in the gluopsins, Lys2967.43 is replaced by glutamic acid. A nemopsin is expressed in chemosensory cells in Caenorhabditis elegans
Opsin
Medication for parasite infestations
administered along with other CYP3A4 inhibitors. These drugs include statins, HIV protease inhibitors, many calcium channel blockers, lidocaine, benzodiazepines,
Ivermectin
Most abundant structural protein in animals
processing during mouse embryogenesis by specialization of homologous ADAMTS proteases". Development. 133 (8): 1587–1596. doi:10.1242/dev.02308. PMID 16556917
Collagen
Species of bacterium
amino acids taken up. D-amino acids such as D-alanine, D-serine and D-glutamic acid reduce metabolic activity, also inhibiting the production of exopolysaccharide
Alteromonas_macleodii
Genetic point mutation that results in an amino acid change in a protein
hemoglobin is altered from the codon GAG to GTG. Thus, the 6th amino acid, glutamic acid, is substituted by valine—notated as an "E6V" or a "Glu6Val" mutation—which
Missense_mutation
Sertraline – Serum albumin – Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase – Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase – Serum tumor marker test – Sesquiterpene lactone
Index_of_oncology_articles
Class of enzymes which transfer functional groups between molecules
noted in 1930 by Dorothy M. Needham, after observing the disappearance of glutamic acid added to pigeon breast muscle. This observance was later verified
Transferase
Genus of archaea
non-pigmented member of the Archaea from Egypt that produces extracellular poly(glutamic acid)". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
Natrialba
DNA located in cellular organelles called chloroplasts
proteins initiation factor 1 ribosomal proteins RNA polymerase atp-dependent protease ribosomal proteins tRNAs nicotiana tabacum edit · image Chloroplast DNA
Plastid_DNA
Mammalian protein involved in blood clotting
to be the degradation of Factor Xa. This is done by Protein Z-related protease inhibitor (ZPI), but the reaction is accelerated 1000-fold by the presence
Protein_Z
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
chain that can be broken into 4 domains: 1) a Ca2+ binding domain near the glutamic acid-rich region at the amino terminus (domain I), 2) a cysteine-rich domain
Osteonectin
Uncharacterized gene
aldehyde dehydrogenases glutamic acid active site located from amino acids 1-8. The second site is a eukaryotic thiol (cysteine) proteases histidine active site
C3orf38
Method of controlled drug release
poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA) gates through peptide bonds. The trigger for this system was the presence of a lysosomal proteolytic enzyme (protease), in this
Gated_drug_delivery_systems
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
amino acids are color-coded. The colors are red for lysine (K), purple for glutamic acid (E), orange for arginine (R), dark and mid-gray for other amino acids
RRH
Form of nitrogen available to wine yeast to use during fermentation
liter, however not all of this nitrogen will be assimilable. The lack of protease enzymes, which break down larger peptides into smaller components, that
Yeast_assimilable_nitrogen
Class of immunomodulatory drugs
anti-myeloma activities. The thalidomide molecule is a synthetic derivative of glutamic acid and consists of a glutarimide ring and a phthaloyl ring (Figure 5)
Cereblon_E3_ligase_modulator
regulator Glucose oxidase – antioxidant Glucose syrup – sweetener Glutamate – Glutamic acid – flavor enhancer Gluten – Glycerin – humectant, sweetener Glycerol
List_of_food_additives
Disorder resulting in severe swelling
2022). "A mechanism for hereditary angioedema caused by a lysine 311-to-glutamic acid substitution in plasminogen". Blood. 139 (18). Blood: 2816–2829. doi:10
Hereditary_angioedema
Peptides that facilitate cellular intake
cells is effectively blocked by the presence of polyanionic residue (poly-glutamic acid) and the linker, which confer the proper distance between these two
Cell-penetrating_peptide
Class of peptides that have antimicrobial activity
cells. The outer membrane vesicles are also known to contain various proteases, peptidases and other lytic enzymes, which may have a role in degrading
Antimicrobial_peptides
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GLUTAMIC PROTEASE
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GLUTAMIC PROTEASE
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