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Knowledge Acquisition and Documentation Structuring (KADS) is a structured way of developing knowledge-based systems (expert systems). It was developed
Knowledge Acquisition and Documentation Structuring
Knowledge_Acquisition_and_Documentation_Structuring
Methods for developing expert systems
systems was the Knowledge Acquisition and Documentation Structuring (KADS) methodology developed in Europe. KADS had great success in Europe and was also used
Knowledge_engineering
Processes through which companies combine or transfer ownership
grounded model of acquisition: Improper documentation and changing implicit knowledge makes it difficult to share information during acquisition. For acquired
Mergers_and_acquisitions
Topics referred to by the same term
KADS may refer to: Knowledge Acquisition and Documentation Structuring, a structured method of developing expert systems The ICAO airport code for Addison
KADS_(disambiguation)
Scientific study of language
studies the biology and evolution of language; and language acquisition, which investigates how children and adults acquire the knowledge of one or more languages
Linguistics
Dutch academic
MA: The MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-19300-9 Knowledge Acquisition and Documentation Structuring CommonKADS University of Amsterdam Prof. dr. B.J. Wielinga
Bob_Wielinga
High level structures of a software system
architecture process. They include knowledge management and communication, design reasoning and decision-making, and documentation. Software architecture supporting
Software_architecture
Process in which a first language is being acquired
to understand it, and to produce and use words and sentences to communicate. Language acquisition involves structures, rules, and representation. The
Language_acquisition
Creation of knowledge from structured and unstructured sources
Knowledge extraction is the creation of knowledge from structured (relational databases, XML) and unstructured (text, documents, images) sources. The
Knowledge_extraction
Controlled natural language
knowledge management for technical documentation" (PDF). SIGDOC '92: Proceedings of the 10th annual international conference on Systems documentation
ClearTalk
Indigenous and other traditional knowledge of local ecology
science. These differences in knowledge acquisition and validation have led to discussions about how TEK can be effectively and respectfully incorporated
Traditional ecological knowledge
Traditional_ecological_knowledge
Process of learning a second language
Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process of learning a language other than one's native
Second-language_acquisition
Design automation software for SOLIDWORKS
approach to capture and automate SOLIDWORKS design parameters for creating product variants and generating manufacturing documentation. DriveWorks functions
DriveWorks
Processing of knowledge to accomplish organizational goals
communication and knowledge sharing. Generic knowledge strategies include knowledge acquisition strategy, knowledge exploitation strategy, knowledge exploration
Knowledge_management
Documented requirements to be satisfied by a material, design, product, or service
an architectural specification is the set of documentation that describes the structure, behavior, and more views of that system. A program specification
Specification (technical standard)
Specification_(technical_standard)
Modelling software development in sequential phases
deployment, and maintenance. The waterfall model is the earliest SDLC methodology. When first adopted, there were no recognized alternatives for knowledge-based
Waterfall_model
Discipline combining linguistics, psychology and cognitive science
thus structuring a sentence in a particular way is also conceptualizing it in such way. Language is dynamic – meaning is not static; it is flexible and adapts
Cognitive_linguistics
Academic field concerned with collection and analysis of information
mathematics, statistics and analytics Information organization: library science, archival science, documentation science, knowledge representation, ontologies
Information_science
Standards of practice for Information Technology
of Information Technology related acquisition processes (derived from Euromethod). It helps both the customer and supplier organization to achieve the
Information Services Procurement Library
Information_Services_Procurement_Library
Earliest model of generative grammar
to speak and understand, arguing that because most of that knowledge is innate, a baby can have a large body of knowledge about the structure of language
Transformational_grammar
Study of how language influences social life
contingent yet structured. Within such large-scale, macrosocial orders, in-effect ritual centers of semiosis come to exert a structuring, value-conferring
Linguistic_anthropology
platform provides a knowledge infrastructure designed to capture, structure and maintain enterprise knowledge, serving both end users and AI agents. It supports
Elium
Branch of developmental psycholinguistics
phonotactic patterns and other regularities provide information on language structure and meaning for facilitation of language acquisition. Fundamental to
Statistical language acquisition
Statistical_language_acquisition
Influence one language has on the acquisition or intelligibility of another
another by a bilingual or multilingual speaker and may occur across both languages in the acquisition of a simultaneous bilingual. It may also occur from
Language_transfer
American librarian
"information, documentation, knowledge, and communication" in the 20th and 21st centuries. Ronald Day is a significant scholar in the field of library and information
Ronald_E._Day
Conformity of language to a grammar
grammatical knowledge. The matter of reliability of L2 grammaticality judgments is an ongoing issue in the research field of second language acquisition. Undeniably
Grammaticality
Process of overseeing a collection, including acquisition, curation, and deaccessioning
procedures for loan approval and acceptance, associated acquisition fees, required documentation, specific insurance requirements, and monitoring instructions
Collections_management
Process of language acquisition
children acquire and develop question structures. According to O'Grady and Cho (2011), at the early stages of language acquisition, children ask yes–no
Language_development
Set of practices for Information Technology (IT) development, management and support
validation and testing Software development and management General management practices Architecture management Continual improvement Knowledge management
ITIL
Dutch institute in Nijmegen
Language Acquisition previously launched three institute projects: Information Structure in Language Acquisition, Categories in Language and Cognition, and Multimodal
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
Max_Planck_Institute_for_Psycholinguistics
Linguistics theory about syntax
In linguistics, X-bar theory is a model of phrase structure and a theory of syntactic category formation that proposes a universal schema for how phrases
X-bar_theory
Data and information held by an organization
the ideas of components knowledge acquisition, knowledge processing or maintenance, and knowledge usage like search and retrieval. Falling under the wider
Organizational_memory
Overview of and topical guide to linguistics
grammar in general cognition Language acquisition – the study of how children and adults acquire language knowledge and ability Language development – the
Outline_of_linguistics
Study of relations between psychology and language
researchers have been able to simulate language acquisition using neural network models. The structures and uses of language are related to the formation
Psycholinguistics
Study of writing style
2004. Jussi Karlgren, Björn Gambäck, and Pentti Kanerva. "Acquiring (and Using) Linguistic (and World) Knowledge for Information Access." (2002). AAAI
Stylometry
System of linguistic knowledge possessed by native speakers of a language
In linguistics, linguistic competence is the system of unconscious knowledge that one has when one knows a language. It is distinguished from linguistic
Linguistic_competence
Academic field of study or profession
Mode 2 or "post-academic science", which involves the acquisition of cross-disciplinary knowledge through the collaboration of specialists from various
Academic_discipline
Data about other data
trained cultural documentation specialists, such as archivists, librarians, museum registrars and curators, create to index, structure, describe, identify
Metadata
Family of modeling languages
object-oriented analysis and design, and knowledge acquisition. These definition languages were developed under funding from U.S. Air Force and, although still
IDEF
Organisational activity concerning information lifecycle
management, including the planning, organizing, structuring, processing, controlling, evaluation and reporting of information activities, all of which
Information_management
Specification of a conceptualization
translation approach to portable ontology specifications" (PDF). Knowledge Acquisition. 5 (2): 199–220. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.101.7493. doi:10.1006/knac.1993
Ontology (information science)
Ontology_(information_science)
Ontology applicable across domains of knowledge
2015. Retrieved 22 April 2015. Kumazawa Terukazu (2009). "Toward knowledge structuring of sustainability science based on ontology engineering". Sustainability
Upper_ontology
Archaeological sub-discipline
ResearchSpace, Arches, and the Global Rock Art Database. The acquisition, documentation and analysis of archaeological finds at excavations and in museums is an
Computational_archaeology
Framework for the description of the structure of a language
explain the nature of language knowledge and ability common to all languages. Traditional grammar is often prescriptive, and may be regarded as unscientific
Traditional_grammar
Document proving authority or qualification
publisher. A person holding a credential is usually given documentation or secret knowledge (e.g., a password or key) as proof of the credential. Sometimes
Credential
Use of computational tools for the study of linguistics
develops better memory and longer attention span, which explained the long period of language acquisition in human infants and children. Robots have been
Computational_linguistics
Neuroscience and linguistics-related studies
comprehension, production, and acquisition of language. As an interdisciplinary field, neurolinguistics draws methods and theories from fields such as
Neurolinguistics
Research tradition in linguistics
cognitive basis of language by formulating and testing explicit models of humans' subconscious grammatical knowledge. Generative linguists, or generativists
Generative_grammar
Many acquisitions failed to achieve their objectives and resulted in poor performance because of improper implementation. 1. Improper documentation and changing
Technological innovation system
Technological_innovation_system
National library in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
active role in its acquisition of library materials through enforcement of the Deposit of Library Material Act 1986, acquisition, gift and exchange. The pride
National_Library_of_Malaysia
Subject of inquiry in philosophy and linguistics
contextualist account of knowledge, and there are many significantly different theories of knowledge that can fit this contextualist template and thereby come in
Contextualism
Approach to the study of social interaction
clause, and use that knowledge to predict when a speaker is finished so that others can speak, to avoid or minimize both overlap and silence. A listener
Conversation_analysis
Unit of information
represented by this data is knowledge. Data are often assumed to be the least abstract concept, information the next least, and knowledge the most abstract. In
Data
Scanning of an object or environment to collect data on its shape
topologically structured 3D data is stored in a database and are also used for visualization of the objects. Notable software used for 3D data acquisition using
3D_scanning
Collection of books, materials and media
"libraries, documentation and information centers, publishing, archives, records management, museum documentation, indexing and abstracting services, and information
Library
Intellectual current and methodological approach in the social science
humanities and social sciences called structuralism relates to sociology. Emile Durkheim based his sociological concept on 'structure' and 'function', and from
Structuralism
default is 1314). ... "Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry". www.iana.org. "Strapi Documentation". strapi.io. Retrieved 2020-06-26
List of TCP and UDP port numbers
List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers
Controlled language
assistants, text summaries, ontologies, rules, querying, medical documentation and planning. Here are some simple examples: Every woman is a human. A
Attempto_Controlled_English
Process for maintaining consistency of a product attributes with its design
tracking, and updating of all system information on a component, subsystem, and system basis. A structured CM program ensures that documentation (e.g., requirements
Configuration_management
View of linguistics
Saussure's structural explanation is that language arises from the structuring of content and expression. He argues that the nature of language could only be
Structural_linguistics
Reference model architecture
subtask. The result of this step is a structuring of procedural knowledge into a task decomposition tree with simpler and simpler tasks at each echelon. At
Real-time_Control_System
Study of relationship between language and culture
of language and the components of language. This idea is also examined in the article, 'Metalinguistic Awareness and Literacy Acquisition in Different
Metalinguistics
Data analytics software
SPSS's acquisition of the product. SPSS later changed the name to SPSS Clementine, and then later to PASW Modeler. Following IBM's 2009 acquisition of SPSS
SPSS_Modeler
Database management system
developers following Oracle Corporation's acquisition of Sun Microsystems, with the intent to keep it free and open-source software under the GNU General
MariaDB
Prescriptive rules of grammar and usage
avoid. Most of these are internal documentation for the publisher's staff, though various newspapers, universities, and other organizations have made theirs
Linguistic_prescription
a structure of notebooks, sections, and pages that can include fonts, media, links to other notes, and hyperlinks. Obsidian is a knowledge base and note-taking
List_of_wiki_software
Linguistic research program proposed by Noam Chomsky
state (S0) contains invariant principles and parameters. Language acquisition consists of acquiring a lexicon and fixing the parameter values of the target
Minimalist_program
lexical information (that is, they are thought of as part of a speaker's knowledge of the word in the vocabulary of the language). Dozens of distinct subcategorization
Subcategorization
Identification of which sense of a word is being used
WSD systems were at the time largely rule-based and hand-coded they were prone to a knowledge acquisition bottleneck. By the 1980s large-scale lexical resources
Word-sense_disambiguation
Potential scenario for use of a system
incremental requirement acquisition, system documentation, and acceptance testing. There are different kinds of use cases and variations in the technique:
Use_case
Restructuring data into a desired format
is similar to structuring and cleaning. Use repetitive sequences of validation rules to assure data consistency as well as quality and security. An example
Data_wrangling
Generative linguistics framework
explanation needed] The central idea of principles and parameters is that a person's syntactic knowledge can be modelled with two formal mechanisms: A finite
Principles_and_parameters
Approach to food policy focusing on the eater
emerging interdisciplinary knowledge system that holistically studies human "eat + food" affairs. It centres on the needs and perspectives of eaters, prioritising
Shiology
Art and science of compiling dictionaries
store lexical knowledge to a mode of disseminating lexical information. Modern lexicographical practices began taking shape during the 18th and 19th centuries
Lexicography
American social networking service
platform. Since his acquisition, the platform has been criticized for enabling the increased spread of disinformation and hate speech and accused of becoming
X_(social_network)
Model of grammar motivated by functions, originally developed by Simon C. Dik.
theories explain how linguistic utterances are shaped, based on the goals and knowledge of natural language users. In doing so, it contrasts with Chomskyan
Functional_discourse_grammar
Application of linguistics to forensics
linguistics, legal linguistics, or language and the law is the application of linguistic knowledge, methods, and insights to the forensic context of law,
Forensic_linguistics
Type of reference work
encyclopedia is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge, either general or special, in a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias
Encyclopedia
Set of names by which an individual is known
Philip (1857). A Grammar of the Telugu Language. printed at the Christian Knowledge Society's Press. p. 209. Agency, United States Central Intelligence (1964)
Personal_name
Primary tenets
whether they are equal in terms of power and knowledge on a subject, for example, the relationship between a mother and child would be considered unequal. Focuses
Systemic_functional_grammar
Study of how social order is produced
between sociological approaches and ethnomethodology is that the latter adopts a commonsense attitude towards knowledge. In contrast to traditional sociological
Ethnomethodology
Practice of leading the work of a team to achieve goals and criteria at a specified time
described in project documentation, created at the beginning of the development process. The primary constraints are scope, time and budget. The secondary
Project_management
Study of how humans produce and perceive sounds
International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8264-8873-2. Löfqvist, Anders (2010). "Theories and Models of Speech Production". Handbook of Phonetic Sciences (2nd ed
Phonetics
SQL database engine software
"developer interfaces are there, and the documentation (not to mention feedback in the real world via Web sites and the like) is very, very good". It
MySQL
Domain of linguistics
language documentation and language revitalization. Firstly, the Internet facilitates language documentation. Digital archives of media such as audio and video
Internet_linguistics
Linguistics approach / theory
and phonology, morphology and syntax, pragmatics and semantics). Broadly speaking, a usage-based model of language accounts for language acquisition and
Usage-based models of language
Usage-based_models_of_language
Development methodology
cycle may be in progress at the same time." and "This process may be described as an 'evolutionary acquisition' or 'incremental build' approach." In software
Iterative and incremental development
Iterative_and_incremental_development
Mandeville Austin and several of his students and colleagues developed teaching materials for a variety of languages whose knowledge was needed for the
History_of_linguistics
Branch of linguistics that studies language through examples contained in real texts
31 October 2023. Wallis, S. and Nelson G. Knowledge discovery in grammatically analysed corpora. Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 5: 307–340. 2001
Corpus_linguistics
Knowledge representation framework
KnowRob (Knowledge processing for robots) is a system which combines knowledge representation and reasoning methods to acquire and ground knowledge. This
Knowledge processing for robots
Knowledge_processing_for_robots
Library held by individual(s) or private organisations for members only
According to Logan, there was nothing more important than the acquisition of knowledge. His appetite for enlightenment led to the establishment of a private
Private_library
Analysis of facts to form a judgment
reflective thinking, and the excellence of critical thinking in which a person can engage varies according to the individual’s knowledge base on which both
Critical_thinking
1931 sculpture by Davidson
researching and reporting on the condition of 40 outdoor sculptures on the university campus. Eve was included in this movement. This documentation was influenced
Eve_(Davidson)
Long-term storage of research data
download data and read it into spreadsheet, statistical, database, or GIS packages, how to interpret codebooks and other documentation. Technical Assistance
Research_data_archiving
Area of linguistic research
diversity and the embedding of traditional environmental knowledge in local languages. In 1996, David Abram's book The Spell of the Sensuous: Perception and Language
Ecolinguistics
American sociologist (1938–2021)
original and drastically changing meanings. Schwartz's research on the historical Jesus, on which no contemporaneous written documentation exists, shows
Barry_Schwartz_(sociologist)
Process and practice of acquiring a language
pedagogical methodology for language acquisition. He held that language acquisition must be allied with sensation and experience. Teaching must be oral.
Language_education
Family of theories within the field of cognitive linguistics
learning, meaning that linguistic knowledge is acquired in a bottom-up manner through use. It allows for redundancy and generalizations, because the language
Construction_grammar
Estimation of the cost of a project
through a structured process that includes defining scope, identifying ground rules, collecting data, and analyzing risk. Thorough documentation—commonly
Cost_estimate
American multinational technology company
such as Intel offer support and documentation for open-source developers, and others like AMD release partial documentation and provide some active development
Nvidia
KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION-AND-DOCUMENTATION-STRUCTURING
KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION-AND-DOCUMENTATION-STRUCTURING
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian, Telugu
Noblest; Worthy of Acquisition
Girl/Female
Muslim
Pledge. Knowledge.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Knowledge; Thousand; The Only One; One of Allah Names
Girl/Female
Arabic, Indian, Kannada, Muslim
Knowledge; Smart; Science; Metal
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Pledge knowledge
Female
Spanish
Portuguese and Spanish form of Latin Anna, ANA means "favor; grace."Â Compare with another form of Ana.
Female
Norwegian
Danish and Norwegian form of Greek Hanna, ANE means "favor; grace."
Male
English
Unisex pet form of English Andrew and Andrea, ANDY means "man; warrior."
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : nickname for someone with a deformed hand or who had lost one hand, from Middle English hand, Middle High German hant, found in such appellations as Liebhard mit der Hand (Augsburg 1383).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname from German Hand ‘hand’ (see 1).Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Flaithimh (see Guthrie), resulting from an erroneous association of the Gaelic name with the Gaelic word lámh ‘hand’. It is used as an English equivalent for several other names of Gaelic origin too, e.g. Claffey, Glavin, and McClave.Dutch : from a variant of hont ‘dog’, ‘hound’, either a derogatory nickname, or a habitational name for someone living at a house distinguished by the sign of a dog.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Acquirement; Acquisition; Gain
Female
Finnish
Estonian and Finnish pet form of Greek Hanna, ANU means "favor; grace."
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : topographic name from Old English land, Middle High German lant, ‘land’, ‘territory’. This had more specialized senses in the Middle Ages, being used to denote the countryside as opposed to a town or an estate.English : topographic name for someone who lived in a forest glade, Middle English, Old French la(u)nde, or a habitational name from Launde in Leicestershire or Laund in West Yorkshire, which are named with this word.Norwegian : habitational name from any of three farmsteads so named, from Old Norse land ‘land’, ‘territory’ (see 1 above).
Female
Serbian
(Bulgarian and Serbian Ðна): Bulgarian and Serbian form of Greek Hanna, ANA means "favor; grace."
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Lebanese, Marathi, Muslim, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
A Bird; Attainment; Acquisition; Achievement
Biblical
Kenan, acquisition;
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, Indian, Lebanese, Muslim, Sanskrit
Attainment; Acquisition; Bird; Achieve
Girl/Female
Australian, Dutch
Loving and Musical
Biblical
possession, possessed;acquisition, fabrication
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
English, Scottish, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : topographic name for someone who lived on patch of sandy soil, from the vocabulary word sand. As a Swedish or Jewish name it was often purely ornamental.Dutch and Belgian : reduced form of Van den Sand(e), Van den Zande, a habitational name from places such as Zande in West Flanders or various minor places named with zand ‘sand’.English and Scottish : from a short form of Alexander.French : from a Germanic personal name, Sando.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
English, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name for a maker of hoops and bands, etc., from Middle English band, bond, Middle High German, Middle Low German bant, German Band denoting something used for tying or binding: ‘hoop’, ‘metal band’, ‘fetter’, ‘shackle’.Old spelling of the Dutch cognates Bant, Bande, from Middle Dutch bant ‘band’.
KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION-AND-DOCUMENTATION-STRUCTURING
KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION-AND-DOCUMENTATION-STRUCTURING
Boy/Male
Hindu
Splendor
Male
English
English form of French Mathieu, MATTHEW means "gift of God." In the bible, this is the name of one of the twelve apostles and author of the first Gospel of the New Testament.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Harikishore | ஹரிகிஷோர
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Attractive Girl
Male
Greek
(ΠάÏις) Greek name probably derived from the word pari, PARIS means "wager." In mythology, this is the name of the son of Priam who kidnapped HelénÄ“ and later fatally wounded Achilles. Because it had been prophesied that he would cause the collapse of Troy, his father gave him to a shepherd to be destroyed. The shepherd could not bring himself to kill the baby so he left him in the desert. Five days later he found the infant still alive and decided to "take a chance," and raise the child himself. He named the baby Paris. Compare with another form of Paris.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Devine smile
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Strong like an eagle.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Shirley, SHERLEY means "bright clearing."
Boy/Male
Muslim
Name of Muhammad Ibn amr who related anecdotes and recited poetry at the court of al-mutawwakil
Boy/Male
Tamil
Bathing to God, Shower of milk, Water over An idol
KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION-AND-DOCUMENTATION-STRUCTURING
KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION-AND-DOCUMENTATION-STRUCTURING
KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION-AND-DOCUMENTATION-STRUCTURING
KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION-AND-DOCUMENTATION-STRUCTURING
KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION-AND-DOCUMENTATION-STRUCTURING
v. t.
To of or admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth; to declare one's belief in; as, to acknowledge the being of a God.
v. i.
That familiarity which is gained by actual experience; practical skill; as, a knowledge of life.
n.
The quality of state of being proficient; advance in the acquisition of any art, science, or knowledge; progression in knowledge; improvement; adeptness; as, to acquire proficiency in music.
a.
Able or disposed to make acquisitions; acquiring; as, an acquisitive person or disposition.
v. t.
To acknowledge.
n.
The thing acquired or gained; an acquirement; a gain; as, learning is an acquisition.
v. t.
To make a reqisition on or for; as, to requisition a district for forage; to requisition troops.
n.
An acquired trait; accomplishment; acquisition.
n.
Acquisition; gain.
v. t.
To own with gratitude or as a benefit or an obligation; as, to acknowledge a favor, the receipt of a letter.
n.
Knowledge of one's self, or of one's own character, powers, limitations, etc.
v. i.
Scope of information; cognizance; notice; as, it has not come to my knowledge.
n.
A formal application by one officer to another for things needed in the public service; as, a requisition for clothing, troops, or money.
n.
The acquisition of knowledge or skill; as, the learning of languages; the learning of telegraphy.
v. t.
To present a requisition to; to summon request; as, to requisition a person to be a candidate.
n.
That which is attained to, or obtained by exertion; acquirement; acquisition; (pl.), mental acquirements; knowledge; as, literary and scientific attainments.
v. i.
Sexual intercourse; -- usually preceded by carnal; as, carnal knowledge.
a.
Given to study; devoted to the acquisition of knowledge from books; as, a studious scholar.
v. i.
That which is gained and preserved by knowing; instruction; acquaintance; enlightenment; learning; scholarship; erudition.
n.
Possession; ownership; acquisition.