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Model of grammar motivated by functions, originally developed by Simon C. Dik.
Functional grammar (FG) and functional discourse grammar (FDG) are grammar models and theories motivated by functional theories of grammar. These theories
Functional_discourse_grammar
Approach to linguistics
aspects): European functionalist theories include Functional (discourse) grammar and Systemic functional grammar (among others), while American functionalist
Functional_linguistics
Topics referred to by the same term
Functional grammar may refer to: Functional linguistics, a range of functionally based approaches to linguistics Functional discourse grammar, grammar
Functional_grammar
Approach that considers language as a social semiotic system
such as Dik's functional grammar (FG, or as now often termed, functional discourse grammar) and role and reference grammar. To avoid confusion, the full
Systemic functional linguistics
Systemic_functional_linguistics
Type of grammar based on constituent entities
grammar Head-driven phrase structure grammar Lexical functional grammar The minimalist program Nanosyntax Further grammar frameworks and formalisms also qualify
Phrase_structure_grammar
Analysis of social and lingual policy, or historiographical discourse phenomena
of discourse Conversation analysis Critical discourse analysis Discursive psychology Emergent grammar Ethnography of communication Functional grammar Interactional
Discourse_analysis
Part of a sentence
Grammatical case Object (grammar) Preparatory subject Quirky subject Sentence (linguistics) Subjective (grammar) Term logic Traditional grammar Comrie (1989), pp
Subject_(grammar)
Primary tenets
Systemic functional grammar (SFG) is a form of grammatical description originated by Michael Halliday. It is part of a social semiotic approach to language
Systemic_functional_grammar
Linguistic theory
current models of functional–structural grammar such as Danish Functional Grammar, Functional Discourse Grammar and Systemic Functional Linguistics. Hjelmslev's
Glossematics
linguistic discourse. Work on Discourse Grammar (DG) has been inspired by a number of different works, in particular by Simon C. Dik's theory of Functional Grammar
Discourse_grammar
Grammatical concept
on the pragmatic dichotomy of topic and comment. In English traditional grammar types, three types of object are acknowledged: direct objects, indirect
Object_(grammar)
Mathesius Aleš Svoboda Topic-comment Prague school (linguistics) Functional theories of grammar Firbas, J. (1957) "On the problem of non-thematic subjects in
Functional sentence perspective
Functional_sentence_perspective
Structural rules of a language
Link grammar Functional grammar (structural–functional analysis): Danish Functionalism Functional Discourse Grammar Role and reference grammar Systemic
Grammar
Dutch linguist (born 1957)
incorporated into Simon C. Dik's Functional Grammar and which Hengeveld developed into Functional Discourse Grammar, of which he is considered "the intellectual
Kees_Hengeveld
Earliest model of generative grammar
linguistics, transformational grammar (TG) or transformational-generative grammar (TGG) was the earliest model of grammar proposed within the research
Transformational_grammar
Use of computational tools for the study of linguistics
lexical semantics (word-sense disambiguation and semantic role labeling), discourse semantics, knowledge representation and automated reasoning (in particular
Computational_linguistics
Research tradition in linguistics
were proposed including relational grammar, lexical-functional grammar (LFG), and head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG). Generative phonology originally
Generative_grammar
Individual's unique use of language
including speech. This unique usage encompasses a person's active vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. This differs from a dialect, a common set of linguistic
Idiolect
Branch of applied mathematics
as systemic functional linguistics and functional discourse grammar. Computational methods have been developed by the framework functional generative description
Mathematical_linguistics
Framework for the description of the structure of a language
Traditional grammar (also known as classical grammar) is a framework for the description of the structure of a language or group of languages. The roots
Traditional_grammar
Employment of present tense when narrating past events
Bronte's novels: Some discourse functions". Style. 26 (2): 221–244. Huddleston, R; Pullum, G. K. (2002). The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
Historical_present
One or more words used to refer to something
Functional Cognitive Construction grammar Functional discourse grammar Grammaticalization Interactional linguistics Prague circle Systemic functional
Name
Categories in etymology
Functional Cognitive Construction grammar Functional discourse grammar Grammaticalization Interactional linguistics Prague circle Systemic functional
Endonym_and_exonym
Basic elements of language
for the shared semantic core of all languages.". Meaning and universal grammar. Volume II: theory and empirical findings. Cliff Goddard, Anna Wierzbicka
Word
View of linguistics
subsequently incorporated into systemic functional grammar, functional discourse grammar, and Danish functional grammar. In structuralism, elements of a language
Structural_linguistics
Transformational-generative grammar - Translation - Translative case - Truth condition - T–V distinction - Typology Uninflected word - Universal grammar - Uvular consonant
Index_of_linguistics_articles
Linguistic theory of semantic description
Goddard, Cliff; Wierzbicka, Anna, eds. (2002). Meaning and Universal Grammar: Theory and Empirical Findings. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ISBN 9781588112644
Natural_semantic_metalanguage
British linguist (1925–2018)
influential systemic functional linguistics (SFL) model of language. His grammatical descriptions go by the name of systemic functional grammar. Halliday described
Michael_Halliday
Topics referred to by the same term
Friedrich-Dessauer-Gymnasium, Frankfurt, a school in Germany Functional discourse grammar, a linguistic model This disambiguation page lists articles associated
FDG
Study of the origin and evolution of words
legend in Jacobus de Voragine's Golden Legend begins with an etymological discourse on their name: Lucy is said of light, and light is beauty in beholding
Etymology
Branch of linguistics
within the frameworks of functional grammar including functional discourse grammar, role and reference grammar, and systemic functional linguistics. During
Linguistic_typology
Work of objectively describing language use
industry. As an English-linguist Larry Andrews describes it, descriptive grammar is the linguistic approach which studies what a language is like, as opposed
Linguistic_description
Human vocal communication using language
language because they lack one or more of the defining characteristics, e.g. grammar, syntax, recursion, and displacement. Researchers have been successful
Speech
Academic discipline studying terms and their general uses
point of view of their origin, formal structure, their meanings and also functional features. Terms are used to denote concepts, therefore terminology science
Terminology
Family of theories within the field of cognitive linguistics
broad-coverage, functionally based grammar. It simply happens that many formal, generative theories are descriptively inadequate grammars. SBCG is generative
Construction_grammar
Syntactic theory
Relational Grammar had its heyday in the mid-1970s and 1980s and influenced other theoretical approaches to syntax, including Lexical Functional Grammar and
Relational_grammar
Class of modern grammatical theories
path of dependency grammar. The following frameworks are dependency-based: Algebraic syntax Operator grammar Link grammar Functional generative description
Dependency_grammar
Smallest meaningful unit in a language
or features as leaves. Direct surface-to-syntax mapping in lexical functional grammar (LFG) – leaves are words Direct syntax-to-semantics mapping Leaves
Morpheme
Typographical symbol (*)
Retrieved 2020-08-26. Collister, Lauren B. (2011-02-01). "*-repair in Online Discourse" (PDF). Journal of Pragmatics. 43 (3): 918–921. doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2010
Asterisk
Optional element in phrase or clause structure
Rijkhoff, Jan (2014). "Modification as a propositional act in Functional Discourse Grammar". In de los Ángeles Gómez González, María; de Mendoza Ibáñez
Grammatical_modifier
Identifier or designation referring to ethnicity
Functional Cognitive Construction grammar Functional discourse grammar Grammaticalization Interactional linguistics Prague circle Systemic functional
Ethnonym
X-bar theory indirectly assumes that speakers have in their Universal Grammar a rule that determines the canonical linear order for them, depending on
Node_(linguistics)
Area of linguistic research
including critical discourse analysis, framing theory, cognitive linguistics, identity theory, rhetoric and systemic functional grammar to reveal underlying
Ecolinguistics
Name for an individual language or family of languages
pp. 267–287. ISBN 9780817318154. Reisigl, Martin; Wodak, Ruth (2001). Discourse and Discrimination: Rhetorics of Racism and Antisemitism. London-New York:
Glottonym
Words pronounced the same but differing in meaning or spelling
Functional Cognitive Construction grammar Functional discourse grammar Grammaticalization Interactional linguistics Prague circle Systemic functional
Homophone
System responsible for combining morphemes into complex structures
and a functional analysis. Functional discourse grammar (Dik) Prague linguistic circle Role and reference grammar (RRG) Systemic functional grammar Generative
Syntax
Scientific study of language
phonological and lexico-grammatical levels. Grammar and discourse are linked as parts of a system. A particular discourse becomes a language variety when it is
Linguistics
Theory that language learning is an instinctive mental capacity in infants
which argues that unless children have significant innate knowledge of grammar, they would not be able to learn language as quickly as they do, given
Language_acquisition_device
Study of language-related problems
conversation analysis, contrastive linguistics, language assessment, literacies, discourse analysis, language pedagogy, second language acquisition, intercultural
Applied_linguistics
Branch of applied linguistics
non-fiction, and popular culture, as well as to political and religious discourse. Indeed, as recent work in critical stylistics, multimodal stylistics
Stylistics
Linguistic theory
Cognitive grammar is a cognitive approach to language developed by Ronald Langacker, which hypothesizes that grammar, semantics, and lexicon exist on a
Cognitive_grammar
System of linguistic analysis
Case grammar is a system of linguistic analysis, focusing on the link between the valence, or number of subjects, objects, etc., of a verb and the grammatical
Case_grammar
Discipline combining linguistics, psychology and cognitive science
pushing back against Chomsky's syntax-focused generative grammar. During this time, functional linguistics developed in parallel with comparable aims to
Cognitive_linguistics
Functional Cognitive Construction grammar Functional discourse grammar Grammaticalization Interactional linguistics Prague circle Systemic functional
Troponymy
Linguistics term for language forms that change little over time
and Macedonian, closely related Slavic languages, are innovative in the grammar of their nouns, having dropped nearly all vestiges of the complex Slavic
Conservative and innovative language
Conservative_and_innovative_language
Process in which a first language is being acquired
the functional-category light verb vP. Internal-merge (second-merge) establishes more formal aspects related to edge-properties of scope and discourse-related
Language_acquisition
Usage-based approach to linguistic structures
linguistic research questions, partly a development of Emergent grammar or West Coast functional grammar. The two approaches can be seen as effectively merged into
Interactional_linguistics
Branch of linguistics which inquires into the nature of language
Computational linguistics Critical discourse analysis Digital infinity Discourse analysis Formal language Generative grammar Linguistic relativity Minimalist
Theoretical_linguistics
Branch of linguistics that studies language through examples contained in real texts
Dictionary of the English Language in 1969) and reference grammars, with A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, published in 1985, as a first.
Corpus_linguistics
Linguistic discipline studying words
looks at what a particular language contributes to its vocabulary, such as grammars. Altogether lexicological studies can be approached two ways: Diachronic
Lexicology
Linguistics theory about syntax
generalized phrase structure grammar (GPSG), lexical-functional grammar (LFG), and head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG). Although recent work in
X-bar_theory
Concept in linguistics
Rogers (1997) Lexical functional grammar (LFG) in the formalization of Ronald Kaplan (1995) Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) in the formalization
Model-theoretic_grammar
Words in two languages that sound similar but have very different meanings
Functional Cognitive Construction grammar Functional discourse grammar Grammaticalization Interactional linguistics Prague circle Systemic functional
False_friend
Distinction in certain fields of language analysis
Functional Cognitive Construction grammar Functional discourse grammar Grammaticalization Interactional linguistics Prague circle Systemic functional
Literal and figurative language
Literal_and_figurative_language
Study of relations between psychology and language
psychology, cognitive science, linguistics, speech and language pathology, and discourse analysis. Psycholinguists study how people acquire and use language, according
Psycholinguistics
Proper name of a body of water
Functional Cognitive Construction grammar Functional discourse grammar Grammaticalization Interactional linguistics Prague circle Systemic functional
Hydronym
Study of the names of human beings
Functional Cognitive Construction grammar Functional discourse grammar Grammaticalization Interactional linguistics Prague circle Systemic functional
Anthroponymy
Branch of linguistics and semiotics relating context to meaning
Pragmatics of Natural Language was held.[citation needed] As the generative grammar revolution led by Noam Chomsky focused on formal syntax and semantics,
Pragmatics
Theory of language usage and production
Meaning–text theory Neurolinguistics Systemic Functional Linguistics Construction Grammar Word Grammar Stratification Bennett, David C. 1968. "English
Relational_network_theory
Overview of and topical guide to linguistics
language as a formal system with mathematical-logical rules and a formal grammar Functional linguistics – language as used and coming from use Quantitative linguistics
Outline_of_linguistics
Neologism in linguistics
CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Klamer, Marian (2010). A Grammar of Teiwa. Berlin-New York: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110226072. Peetermans
Logonym
Structure of a formal language
A formal grammar is a set of symbols and the production rules for rewriting some of them into every possible string of a formal language over an alphabet
Formal_grammar
Study of graphemes and writing systems
treatment of the approach may be seen in the works of Friedrich Kittler (Discourse Networks: 1800/1900) and Avital Ronell (The Telephone Book). Swiss linguist
Grapholinguistics
Compilation of concepts primarily for the purposes of lexicostatistics
Functional Cognitive Construction grammar Functional discourse grammar Grammaticalization Interactional linguistics Prague circle Systemic functional
Swadesh_list
Practice of modifying words for English
Functional Cognitive Construction grammar Functional discourse grammar Grammaticalization Interactional linguistics Prague circle Systemic functional
Anglicisation_(linguistics)
Ways that speakers of a language use words
a word or phrase is normally and correctly used" and as the "points of grammar, syntax, style, and the choice of words." In everyday usage, language is
Usage_(language)
Study of relationship between language and culture
Retrieved 2015-02-22. Patrick Hartwell (February 1985). "Grammar, Grammars, and the Teaching of Grammar". College English. 47 (2): 105–127. doi:10.2307/376562
Metalinguistics
Study of place names
then, toponym has come to replace the term place-name in professional discourse among geographers. Toponyms can be divided in two principal groups: geonyms:
Toponymy
Set of conventions for written language
be regarded as an abstraction of a collection of glyphs that are all functionally equivalent. For example, in written English (or other languages using
Orthography
Type of linguistics
88-104). London: Routledge. Hult, F.M. (2010). Analysis of language policy discourses across the scales of space and time. International Journal of the Sociology
Linguistic_ecology
Concept of language having or being influenced by ideology
Jaffe, Alexandra (2007). "Discourses of endangerment: Contexts and consequences of essentializing discourses." In Discourses of Endangerment: Ideology
Language_ideology
Prescriptive rules of grammar and usage
language, including rules of spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. Linguistic prescriptivism may aim to establish a standard language, teach
Linguistic_prescription
Study of how society shapes language and language use
Audience design Ausbausprache Axiom of categoricity Conversation Analysis Discourse analysis Discursive psychology Folk linguistics In-group Interactional
Sociolinguistics
Theory of syntax
GBT) is a theory of syntax and a phrase structure grammar in the tradition of transformational grammar developed principally by Noam Chomsky in the 1980s
Government_and_binding_theory
Process of language acquisition
capacity to learn language is also attributed to the theory of universal grammar (UG), which posits that a certain set of structural rules are innate to
Language_development
Principle in linguistics about meaning
problematic and questionable when the complexity increase is due to sentence or discourse context, semantic memory, or sensory cues. Among the problematic phenomena
Principle_of_compositionality
Study of writing style
addition, content-specific and idiosyncratic cues (e.g., topic models and grammar checking tools) were introduced to unveil deliberate stylistic choices
Stylometry
Subfield of linguistics
Functional Cognitive Construction grammar Functional discourse grammar Grammaticalization Interactional linguistics Prague circle Systemic functional
Interlinguistics
Group of words in systemic functional grammar
In systemic functional grammar (SFG), a nominal group is a group of words that represents or describes an entity, for example The nice old English police
Nominal group (functional grammar)
Nominal_group_(functional_grammar)
Sociobiological approaches to linguistics
Universal Grammar, grouped under different brands including a framework called Cognitive Linguistics (with capitalised initials), and 'functional' (adaptational)
Evolutionary_linguistics
System of linguistic knowledge possessed by native speakers of a language
required to produce or comprehend it, for the particular role it plays in a discourse, and for the particular sound wave one might produce while uttering it
Linguistic_competence
Study of language within historical and social contexts
understand not only the logic behind linguistic systems such as their grammars but also record the activities in which those systems are used. In the
Anthropological_linguistics
Phrase which functions as a noun
Velasco, Daniel and Jan Rijkhoff (eds.).2008. The Noun Phrase in Functional Discourse Grammar (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs [TiLSM] 195).
Noun_phrase
Language and literature society
contribute to the knowledge of language and related sign systems according to functionally structural principles. To this end, it organizes regular meetings with
Prague_linguistic_circle
Study of sound organization in languages
sounds of a language appears in the 4th c. BCE Ashtadhyayi, a Sanskrit grammar by Pāṇini. Particularly, within the Shiva Sutras, auxiliary work to the
Phonology
Study of language in historical sources
English, and U.S. academia, the wider meaning of "study of a language's grammar, history and literary tradition" remains more widespread. Based on the
Philology
Study of written graphs independent of language
Functional Cognitive Construction grammar Functional discourse grammar Grammaticalization Interactional linguistics Prague circle Systemic functional
Graphetics
Name for a resident of a particular geographical area
Functional Cognitive Construction grammar Functional discourse grammar Grammaticalization Interactional linguistics Prague circle Systemic functional
Demonym
Art and science of compiling dictionaries
Lexicography, Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-14144-4 Inglis, Douglas (2004) Cognitive Grammar and lexicography. Payap University Graduate School Linguistics Department
Lexicography
Study of how humans produce and perceive sounds
His four-part grammar, written c. 350 BCE, is influential in modern linguistics and still represents "the most complete generative grammar of any language
Phonetics
travel, tourism, insurance
FUNCTIONAL DISCOURSE-GRAMMAR
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travel, tourism, insurance