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Chemical compound
photochemical origin of biomolecules' homochirality. Leucines, the isomers and derivatives of leucine Leucine zipper, a common motif in transcription factor
Leucine
The leucines are primarily the four isomeric amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, tert-leucine (terleucine, pseudoleucine) and norleucine. Being compared
Leucines
DNA-binding structural motif
which line up - is called a ZIP domain, and leucines from each ZIP domain can weakly interact with leucines from other ZIP domains, reversibly holding
Leucine_zipper
Compound
Acetylleucine (N-acetyl-leucine) is a modified leucine amino acid. Two forms are commercialized: N-acetyl-DL-leucine (sold under the brand Tanganil, among
Acetylleucine
Chemical compound
β-Leucine (beta-leucine) is a beta amino acid and positional isomer of L-leucine which is naturally produced in humans via the metabolism of L-leucine by
Β-Leucine
Protein domain
A leucine-rich repeat (LRR) is a protein structural motif that forms an α/β horseshoe fold. It is composed of repeating 20–30 amino acid stretches that
Leucine-rich_repeat
Progressive neurological disease
for "N-Acetyl-L-Leucine for Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T)" at ClinicalTrials.gov Clinical trial number NCT03759639 for "N-Acetyl-L-Leucine for Niemann-Pick
Spinocerebellar_ataxia
Domesticated species of canid
selenocysteine), dogs cannot synthesize ten: arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
Dog
Medical condition
N-Acetyl-L-Leucine for the treatment of Niemann-Pick disease type C and Ataxia-Telangiectasia. Future opportunities to develop N-Acetyl-Leucine include Lewy
GM2_gangliosidoses
In enzymology, leucine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Leucine + NAD+ H2O H+ H2O H+ α-Ketoisocaproic
Leucine_dehydrogenase
Chemical compound
l-Photo-leucine is a synthetic derivative of the l-leucine amino acid that is used as its natural analog and is characterized for having photo-reactivity
L-Photo-leucine
Leucine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.6) is an enzyme characterised from rat liver that catalyzes a reversible chemical reaction to interconvert L-leucine and
Leucine_transaminase
Medication
Levacetylleucine (N-acetyl-L-leucine), sold under the brand name Aqneursa, is a medication used for the treatment of neurological manifestations of Niemann-Pick
Levacetylleucine
Class of enzymes
aminopeptidases (EC 3.4.11.1, leucine aminopeptidase, LAPs, leucyl peptidase, peptidase S, cytosol aminopeptidase, cathepsin III, L-leucine aminopeptidase, leucinaminopeptidase
Leucyl_aminopeptidase
Amino acid with a branched carbon chain
carbon atoms). Among the proteinogenic amino acids, there are three BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Non-proteinogenic BCAAs include 2-aminoisobutyric
Branched-chain_amino_acid
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
F-box and leucine rich repeat protein 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXL15 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000107872 – Ensembl
F-box and leucine rich repeat protein 15
F-box_and_leucine_rich_repeat_protein_15
Pentapeptide
Discovered in 1975, two forms of enkephalin have been found, one containing leucine ("leu"), and the other containing methionine ("met"). Both are products
Enkephalin
Neurotransmitter
Smith TW (February 1997). "The distribution of methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin in the brain and peripheral tissues. 1977". British Journal
Leu-enkephalin
Starchy tuber used as a staple food
bulbocastanum, a wild potato native to Mexico. Rpi-blb1 is a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR/NLR), an R-gene-produced immunoreceptor. In October
Potato
Species of tree
9 g Amino acids Tryptophan 0.366 g Threonine 0.94 g Isoleucine 1.18 g Leucine 2.2 g Lysine 0.77 g Methionine 0.611 g Cystine 0.484 g Phenylalanine 1
Juglans_cinerea
Leucine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.66) is an enzyme characterised from Streptomyces roseus that catalyzes the chemical reaction leucine + acetyl-CoA
Leucine_N-acetyltransferase
Concept in plant genetics
conferred by the leucine rich repeats. LRRs are multiple, serial repeats of a motif of roughly 24 amino acids in length, with leucines or other hydrophobic
Gene-for-gene_relationship
Rare neurodegenerative disease
treatment with N-Acetyl-Leucine in various inherited cerebellar ataxias. A multinational clinical trial investigating N-Acetyl-L-Leucine for the treatment
Ataxia–telangiectasia
Chemical compound
biosynthesis in which the proteinogenic amino acid isoleucine is replaced by leucine. Steinhilber D, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Roth HJ (2005). Medizinische Chemie
Epicriptine
Protein-coding gene
Enaptin also known as nesprin-1 or synaptic nuclear envelope protein 1 (syne-1) is an actin-binding protein that in humans that is encoded by the SYNE1
Enaptin
Enzyme found in humans
Leucine–tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic, also called leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LARS1 gene (previously LARS). Like
Leucine–tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
Leucine–tRNA_ligase,_cytoplasmic
Chemical compound found in all domains of life with largely unexplored effects
2-Oxoadipic acid Glutaryl-CoA Glutaconyl-CoA Crotonyl-CoA β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA leucine→ β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA Isovaleryl-CoA
S-Adenosyl_methionine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGR4 gene. LGR4 is known to have a role in the
LGR4
Enzyme found in humans
gene. Like leucine–tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic (LARS1), this enzyme functions as a leucine–tRNA ligase, meaning it binds the amino acid leucine to the corresponding
Leucine–tRNA ligase, mitochondrial
Leucine–tRNA_ligase,_mitochondrial
Organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groups
acid dating Beta-peptide Degron Erepsin Homochirality Hyperaminoacidemia Leucines Miller–Urey experiment Nucleic acid sequence RNA codon table 'Amino' pronunciations:
Amino_acid
Chemical compound
intermediate in the metabolism of the branched-chain amino acids, which include leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Its immediate precursors are β-methylglutaconyl-CoA
HMG-CoA
Clear liquid inside coconuts
g Amino acids Tryptophan 0.008 g Threonine 0.026 g Isoleucine 0.028 g Leucine 0.053 g Lysine 0.032 g Methionine 0.013 g Cystine 0.014 g Phenylalanine
Coconut_water
Organic compound
2-Oxoadipic acid Glutaryl-CoA Glutaconyl-CoA Crotonyl-CoA β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA leucine→ β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA Isovaleryl-CoA
Fumaric_acid
Chemical compound
produced via a reaction between the amino acid leucine and reductones in the malt. As it can be derived from leucine, the occurrence of isovaleraldehyde is not
Isovaleraldehyde
RNA family
concentrations of leucine (or other amino acids) by binding uncharged leucine-tRNAs; low levels of leucine result in few tRNAs that are charged with leucine adducts
LeuA-Halobacteria_RNA_motif
Chemical compound
(β-Methylcrotonyl-CoA or MC-CoA) is an intermediate in the metabolism of leucine. It is found in mitochondria, where it is formed from isovaleryl-coenzyme
Methylcrotonyl-CoA
Carcass found in Florida, US in 1896
methionine 2.2 0.4 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.1 isoleucine 5.1 1.2 4.9 5.9 5.4 4.6 leucine 10.7 2.9 7.8 10.0 8.1 10.4 tyrosine 1.2 0.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.4 phenylalanine
St._Augustine_Monster
Set of biochemical processes
transamination of the α-ketoisocaproate by the action of a glutamate-leucine transaminase. Leucine, like valine, regulates the first step of its pathway by inhibiting
Amino_acid_synthesis
Group of peptide hormones in mammals
of renin on angiotensinogen. Renin cleaves the peptide bond between the leucine (Leu) and valine (Val) residues on angiotensinogen, creating the decapeptide
Angiotensin
Simplest of the alpha-keto acids
2-Oxoadipic acid Glutaryl-CoA Glutaconyl-CoA Crotonyl-CoA β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA leucine→ β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA Isovaleryl-CoA
Pyruvic_acid
Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder
(BCKAD) complex. It particularly affects the metabolism of amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. With MSUD, the body is not able to properly break
Maple_syrup_urine_disease
Amino acid
2-Oxoadipic acid Glutaryl-CoA Glutaconyl-CoA Crotonyl-CoA β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA leucine→ β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA Isovaleryl-CoA
Threonine
Exchange between amino acids of a protein
000399. According to Grantham's distance, most similar amino acids are leucine and isoleucine and the most distant are cysteine and tryptophan. Sneath's
Amino_acid_replacement
Class of enzymes
protein)-leucine-carboxy methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.233) is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(phosphatase 2A protein)-leucine O-methyltransferase
(Phosphatase 2A protein)-leucine-carboxy methyltransferase
(Phosphatase_2A_protein)-leucine-carboxy_methyltransferase
\rightleftharpoons } (3R)-beta-leucine Hence, this enzyme is responsible for the conversion of L-leucine to β-leucine. This enzyme belongs to the family
Leucine_2,3-aminomutase
Loss of skeletal muscle mass
Supplementation of protein or branched-chain amino acids, especially leucine, can provide a stimulus for muscle synthesis and inhibit protein breakdown
Muscle_atrophy
Chemical compound
2-Oxoadipic acid Glutaryl-CoA Glutaconyl-CoA Crotonyl-CoA β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA leucine→ β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA Isovaleryl-CoA
Ornithine
Blue-green algal genus used in food
47 g Amino acids Tryptophan 0.929 g Threonine 2.97 g Isoleucine 3.209 g Leucine 4.947 g Lysine 3.025 g Methionine 1.149 g Cystine 0.662 g Phenylalanine
Spirulina (dietary supplement)
Spirulina_(dietary_supplement)
Class of enzymes
first step in the synthesis of the branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine). The catalytic peptide of ALS in Arabidopsis thaliana
Acetolactate_synthase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANP32A gene. It is one of the targets of an
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A
Acidic_leucine-rich_nuclear_phosphoprotein_32_family_member_A
Enzyme found in humans
Kim S, Lee BJ (2003). "Solution structure and p43 binding of the p38 leucine zipper motif: coiled-coil interactions mediate the association between
Methionine–tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
Methionine–tRNA_ligase,_cytoplasmic
Protein-coding gene in humans
Leucine rich repeat containing 40 (LRRC40) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRC40 gene. LRRC40 is conserved throughout all of its orthologs
LRRC40
Group of metabolic disorders
usually not present. The branched-chain amino acids include isoleucine, leucine and valine. Organic acids refer to the amino acids and certain odd-chained
Organic_acidemia
Fad diet, radical treatment of malignant hypertension
Aspartic acid Cysteine Glutamic acid Glutamine Glycine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Selenocysteine Serine Threonine
Rice_diet
Chemical compound
plants and bacteria, isoleucine is synthesized from a pyruvate employing leucine biosynthesis enzymes. It is encoded by the codons AUU, AUC, and AUA. In
Isoleucine
Amino acid sequence causing a protein to be exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
hydrophobic residues to be LxxxLxxLxL, where "L" is a hydrophobic residue (often leucine) and "x" is any other amino acid; the spacing of these hydrophobic residues
Nuclear_export_signal
Protein complex on the surface of T cells that recognizes antigens
of the signature Yxx(L/I)x6-8Yxx(L/I), where Y, L, I indicate tyrosine, leucine and isoleucine residues, x denotes any amino acids, the subscript 6-8 indicates
T-cell_receptor
Genetic multisystem copper-transport disease
cases, while in China this mutation is very uncommon; R778L (arginine to leucine at 778) is found more often there. Relatively little is known about the
Wilson's_disease
Asparagine Cysteine Glutamic acid Glutamine Glycine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine
List_of_macronutrients
Leu-proteinase, leucine-specific serine proteinase, leucine endopeptidase, spinach serine proteinase (leucine specific), spinach leucine-specific serine
Leucyl_endopeptidase
Cytosolic non-specific dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.18) also known as carnosine dipeptidase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CNDP2 gene. This
Cytosol nonspecific dipeptidase
Cytosol_nonspecific_dipeptidase
Α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins
one that is incorporated into proteins. L-alanine is second only to L-leucine in rate of occurrence, accounting for 7.8% of the primary structure in
Alanine
Human gene
Leucine Rich Repeating Containing 73 (LRRC73) is a protein-coding gene, which, in Homo sapiens, is encoded by the LRRC73 gene.. Aliases: C6orf154, Chromosome
LRRC73
Species of fungus
numerous enzymes including β-glucosidase, esterase/esterase lipase/lipase, leucine and valine arylamidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, naphthol-AS-B1-phosphohydrolase
Pseudogymnoascus_destructans
American animal scientist
Illinois Urbana-Champaign Thesis Evaluation of dietary arginine, histidine, leucine and tryptophan for pregnancy in swine (1976) Doctoral advisor D.H. Baker
Robert_A._Easter
osteoclast maturation. The motif contains a tyrosine separated from a leucine or isoleucine by any two other amino acids, giving the signature YxxL/I
Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif
Immunoreceptor_tyrosine-based_activation_motif
Class of proteins
receptors, or NOD-like receptors (NLRs) (also known as nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors), are intracellular sensors of pathogen-associated
NOD-like_receptor
File format for DNA or protein sequences
Phenylalanine G Glycine H Histidine I Isoleucine J Leucine (L) or Isoleucine (I) K Lysine L Leucine M Methionine/Start codon N Asparagine O Pyrrolysine
FASTA_format
Species of flowering plant
Fat 0.3 g Protein 6.7 g Amino acids Threonine 9 mg Isoleucine 4.45 mg Leucine 7.8 mg Lysine 9.9 mg Methionine 0.9 mg Phenylalanine 4.42 mg Tyrosine 9
Archidendron_bubalinum
N-ethylmorpholine 1119–29–5 C6H13NO2 aminocaproic acid 60–32–2 isoleucine Ile 73–32–5 leucine Leu 61–90–5 C6H14 hexane 110–54–3 C6H14N2O2 lysine Lys 56–87–1 N-Methylornithine
Glossary_of_chemical_formulae
Class of immune system proteins
Toll-like receptor The curved leucine-rich repeat region of toll-like receptors, represented here by TLR3 Identifiers Symbol Toll-like receptor Membranome
Toll-like_receptor
Amino acid that is incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation
essential amino acids. The essential amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine (i
Proteinogenic_amino_acid
East Asian liquid condiment
Chinese soy sauce product are glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and leucine. Starch is hydrolyzed into simple sugars which contribute to the sweet
Soy_sauce
Enzyme found in humans
Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LCMT1 gene. LCMT1 has been shown to interact with FXR2. GRCh38: Ensembl
Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1
Leucine_carboxyl_methyltransferase_1
Medical condition
include hypoglycemia leucine-induced; hypoglycemia leucine induced; and familial infantile hypoglycemia precipitated by leucine. "Leucine-sensitive hypoglycemia
Leucine-sensitive hypoglycemia of infancy
Leucine-sensitive_hypoglycemia_of_infancy
Small structural protein motif found mostly in transcriptional proteins
Transcription factors and intracellular receptors (1) Basic domains (1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) Activating transcription factor AATF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AP-1 c-Fos
Zinc_finger
Chemical compound
transacylase (E2) DBT branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC) Leucine, isoleucine and valine degradation H-protein GCSH glycine cleavage system
Lipoic_acid
Human neurodegenerative disease
patients. The P102L mutation, which causes a substitution of proline to a leucine in codon 102, has been found in the prion protein gene (PRNP, on chromosome
Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome
Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Leucine-rich repeats and death domain containing, also known as LRDD or p53-induced protein with a death domain (PIDD), is a protein which in humans is
PIDD1
Grouping of proteins
binding, and adhesion. LYRM superfamily Members share a conserved LYR motif (leucine–tyrosine–arginine) embedded within a three α‑helix structure and function
Protein_superfamily
Chemical energy animals derive from food
signaling, in addition to providing energy for the body. For example, leucine plays an important role in the regulation of protein metabolism and suppresses
Food_energy
Chemical compound
2-Oxoadipic acid Glutaryl-CoA Glutaconyl-CoA Crotonyl-CoA β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA leucine→ β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA Isovaleryl-CoA
Homogentisic_acid
Endogenous GABA precursor
2-Oxoadipic acid Glutaryl-CoA Glutaconyl-CoA Crotonyl-CoA β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA leucine→ β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA Isovaleryl-CoA
N-Acetylputrescine
Species of grass cultivated as a food crop
g Amino acids Tryptophan 0.023 g Threonine 0.129 g Isoleucine 0.129 g Leucine 0.348 g Lysine 0.137 g Methionine 0.067 g Cystine 0.026 g Phenylalanine
Maize
Gradual retinal degeneration leading to progressive sight loss
with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa and rhodopsin, proline-347-leucine". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 111 (5): 614–23. doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)73708-0
Retinitis_pigmentosa
Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder
rationale for dietary intervention. In their 2013 study, they found out BCAA (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) supplementation every 5 hours plus a high protein
Branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase kinase deficiency
Branched-chain_keto_acid_dehydrogenase_kinase_deficiency
Biological system protecting an organism against disease
toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs share a typical structural motif, the leucine rich repeats (LRRs), which give them a curved shape. Toll-like receptors
Immune_system
Chemical compound
effects of the Aβ peptides were completely negated. Leucines, description of the isomers of leucine norvaline, isomer of valine that has similar biochemistry
Norleucine
Chemical compound
2-Oxoadipic acid Glutaryl-CoA Glutaconyl-CoA Crotonyl-CoA β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA leucine→ β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA Isovaleryl-CoA
Β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA
Chemical compound
always standard proteinogenic amino acids - In microcystin-LR these are leucine and arginine. More than 250 microcystins have been identified to date,
Microcystin-LR
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the superfamily of LYRM proteins, which are characterized by a conserved leucine–tyrosine–arginine motif. The NDUFA6 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase
NDUFA6
Enzyme that repairs DNA damage
morhua) 2hxm: Complex of UNG2 and a small Molecule synthetic Inhibitor 2ssp: LEUCINE-272-ALANINE URACIL-DNA GLYCOSYLASE BOUND TO ABASIC SITE-CONTAINING DNA
Uracil-DNA_glycosylase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
encoded by the CYTIP gene. The protein encoded by this gene contains 2 leucine zipper domains and a putative C-terminal nuclear targeting signal, and
PSCDBP
Skin condition where patches lose pigment
levels in people with vitiligo. In one of the mutations, the amino acid leucine in the NALP1 protein was replaced by histidine (Leu155 → His). The original
Vitiligo
Carboxylic acid (CH3)2CHCH2CO2H
of intense foot odor, as it is produced by skin bacteria metabolizing leucine and in rare cases a condition called isovaleric acidemia can lead to heightened
Isovaleric_acid
Type of amino acid
"PITTT"): Phenylalanine Isoleucine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Only leucine and lysine are not glucogenic (they are only ketogenic). Glucogenic and
Glucogenic_amino_acid
Aggregates which can form on cheese
amino acid crystals inside the cheese consisting mainly of tyrosine and of leucine and isoleucine have been reported. In general, any substance that has a
Cheese_crystals
Protein-coding gene in humans
CD180 gene. CD180 is a cell surface molecule consisting of extracellular leucine-rich repeats (LRR) and a short cytoplasmic tail. It is also known by the
CD180
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) also known as modulator of non-genomic activity of estrogen receptor (MNAR) and transcription
PELP-1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Leucine-rich repeat and Immunoglobulin-like domain-containing protein 1 also known as LINGO-1 is a protein which is encoded by the LINGO1 gene in humans
LINGO1
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