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Chemical compound
photochemical origin of biomolecules' homochirality. Leucines, the isomers and derivatives of leucine Leucine zipper, a common motif in transcription factor
Leucine
The leucines are primarily the four isomeric amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, tert-leucine (terleucine, pseudoleucine) and norleucine. Being compared
Leucines
DNA-binding structural motif
which line up - is called a ZIP domain, and leucines from each ZIP domain can weakly interact with leucines from other ZIP domains, reversibly holding
Leucine_zipper
Chemical compound
effects of the Aβ peptides were completely negated. Leucines, description of the isomers of leucine norvaline, isomer of valine that has similar biochemistry
Norleucine
Chemical compound
β-Leucine (beta-leucine) is a beta amino acid and positional isomer of L-leucine which is naturally produced in humans via the metabolism of L-leucine by
Β-Leucine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member B (ANP32B) also known as "acidic protein rich in leucines" (APRIL) is a protein that in humans
ANP32B
Compound
Acetylleucine (N-acetyl-leucine) is a modified leucine amino acid. Two forms are commercialized: N-acetyl-DL-leucine (sold under the brand Tanganil, among
Acetylleucine
In enzymology, leucine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Leucine + NAD+ H2O H+ H2O H+ α-Ketoisocaproic
Leucine_dehydrogenase
Neurotransmitter
Smith TW (February 1997). "The distribution of methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin in the brain and peripheral tissues. 1977". British Journal
Leu-enkephalin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
F-box and leucine rich repeat protein 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXL15 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000107872 – Ensembl
F-box and leucine rich repeat protein 15
F-box_and_leucine_rich_repeat_protein_15
Class of peptides used for studying lipid membranes
membrane-spanning α-helices composed of tryptophan (W), alanine (A), and leucine (L) amino acids. They are designed to study properties of proteins in lipid
WALP_peptide
Leucine zipper protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LUZP2 gene. There are no orthologs in invertebrates, but many in vertebrates. It
LUZP2
Chemical compound
l-Photo-leucine is a synthetic derivative of the l-leucine amino acid that is used as its natural analog and is characterized for having photo-reactivity
L-Photo-leucine
Medical condition
include hypoglycemia leucine-induced; hypoglycemia leucine induced; and familial infantile hypoglycemia precipitated by leucine. "Leucine-sensitive hypoglycemia
Leucine-sensitive hypoglycemia of infancy
Leucine-sensitive_hypoglycemia_of_infancy
Protein family
A leucine-rich repeat (LRR) is a protein structural motif that forms an α/β horseshoe fold. It is composed of repeating 20–30 amino acid stretches that
Leucine-rich_repeat
Medical condition
N-Acetyl-L-Leucine for the treatment of Niemann-Pick disease type C and Ataxia-Telangiectasia. Future opportunities to develop N-Acetyl-Leucine include Lewy
GM2_gangliosidoses
Human gene
Leucine Rich Repeating Containing 73 (LRRC73) is a protein-coding gene, which, in Homo sapiens, is encoded by the LRRC73 gene.. Aliases: C6orf154, Chromosome
LRRC73
Amino acid with a branched carbon chain
carbon atoms). Among the proteinogenic amino acids, there are three BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Non-proteinogenic BCAAs include 2-aminoisobutyric
Branched-chain_amino_acid
Leu-proteinase, leucine-specific serine proteinase, leucine endopeptidase, spinach serine proteinase (leucine specific), spinach leucine-specific serine
Leucyl_endopeptidase
Starchy tuber used as a staple food
bulbocastanum, a wild potato native to Mexico. Rpi-blb1 is a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR/NLR), an R-gene-produced immunoreceptor. In October
Potato
Bundled twelve alpha helix protein
Bacterial Leucine Transporter (LeuT) is a bundled twelve alpha helix protein which belongs to the family of transporters that shuttle amino acids in and
Bacterial_Leucine_Transporter
RNA family
concentrations of leucine (or other amino acids) by binding uncharged leucine-tRNAs; low levels of leucine result in few tRNAs that are charged with leucine adducts
LeuA-Halobacteria_RNA_motif
Domesticated species of canid
selenocysteine), dogs cannot synthesize ten: arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
Dog
Progressive neurological disease
for "N-Acetyl-L-Leucine for Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T)" at ClinicalTrials.gov Clinical trial number NCT03759639 for "N-Acetyl-L-Leucine for Niemann-Pick
Spinocerebellar_ataxia
Protein-coding gene
Enaptin also known as nesprin-1 or synaptic nuclear envelope protein 1 (syne-1) is an actin-binding protein that in humans that is encoded by the SYNE1
Enaptin
Leucine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.66) is an enzyme characterised from Streptomyces roseus that catalyzes the chemical reaction leucine + acetyl-CoA
Leucine_N-acetyltransferase
Pentapeptide
Discovered in 1975, two forms of enkephalin have been found, one containing leucine ("leu"), and the other containing methionine ("met"). Both are products
Enkephalin
Rare neurodegenerative disease
treatment with N-Acetyl-Leucine in various inherited cerebellar ataxias. A multinational clinical trial investigating N-Acetyl-L-Leucine for the treatment
Ataxia–telangiectasia
\rightleftharpoons } (3R)-beta-leucine Hence, this enzyme is responsible for the conversion of L-leucine to β-leucine. This enzyme belongs to the family
Leucine_2,3-aminomutase
Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder
(BCKAD) complex. It particularly affects the metabolism of amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. With MSUD, the body is not able to properly break
Maple_syrup_urine_disease
Medication
Levacetylleucine (N-acetyl-L-leucine), sold under the brand name Aqneursa, is a medication used for the treatment of neurological manifestations of Niemann-Pick
Levacetylleucine
RNA family
The Leucine operon leader is an RNA element found upstream of the first gene in the Leucine biosynthetic operon. The leader sequence can assume two different
Leucine_operon_leader
Class of enzymes
aminopeptidases (EC 3.4.11.1, leucine aminopeptidase, LAPs, leucyl peptidase, peptidase S, cytosol aminopeptidase, cathepsin III, L-leucine aminopeptidase, leucinaminopeptidase
Leucyl_aminopeptidase
Leucine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.6) is an enzyme characterised from rat liver that catalyzes a reversible chemical reaction to interconvert L-leucine and
Leucine_transaminase
Chemical compound
(HMB-Ca, CaHMB). Since only a small fraction of HMB's metabolic precursor, L-leucine, is metabolized into HMB, pharmacologically active concentrations of the
Β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid
Β-Hydroxy_β-methylbutyric_acid
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Leucine-rich repeats and death domain containing 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRD1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000240720
Leucine-rich repeats and death domain containing 1
Leucine-rich_repeats_and_death_domain_containing_1
Organic compound
2-Oxoadipic acid Glutaryl-CoA Glutaconyl-CoA Crotonyl-CoA β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA leucine→ β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA Isovaleryl-CoA
Fumaric_acid
Chemical compound
biosynthesis in which the proteinogenic amino acid isoleucine is replaced by leucine. Steinhilber D, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Roth HJ (2005). Medizinische Chemie
Epicriptine
Exchange between amino acids of a protein
000399. According to Grantham's distance, most similar amino acids are leucine and isoleucine and the most distant are cysteine and tryptophan. Sneath's
Amino_acid_replacement
Concept in plant genetics
conferred by the leucine rich repeats. LRRs are multiple, serial repeats of a motif of roughly 24 amino acids in length, with leucines or other hydrophobic
Gene-for-gene_relationship
Cytosolic non-specific dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.18) also known as carnosine dipeptidase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CNDP2 gene. This
Cytosol nonspecific dipeptidase
Cytosol_nonspecific_dipeptidase
Organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groups
acid dating Beta-peptide Degron Erepsin Homochirality Hyperaminoacidemia Leucines Miller–Urey experiment Nucleic acid sequence RNA codon table 'Amino' pronunciations:
Amino_acid
Class of proteins
receptors, or NOD-like receptors (NLRs) (also known as nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors), are intracellular sensors of pathogen-associated
NOD-like_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Leucine-rich repeat neuronal protein 3, also known as neuronal leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRR-3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRN3
LRRN3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
retina-specific leucine zipper protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRL gene. This gene encodes a basic motif-leucine zipper transcription
NRL_(gene)
Amino acid sequence causing a protein to be exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
hydrophobic residues to be LxxxLxxLxL, where "L" is a hydrophobic residue (often leucine) and "x" is any other amino acid; the spacing of these hydrophobic residues
Nuclear_export_signal
Legume cultivated as a grain and oil crop
g Amino acids Tryptophan 0.2445 g Threonine 0.859 g Isoleucine 0.882 g Leucine 1.627 g Lysine 0.901 g Methionine 0.308 g Cystine 0.322 g Phenylalanine
Peanut
Amino acids required in diet since they can not be synthesized in body
the nine amino acids humans cannot synthesize are valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, threonine, histidine, and lysine
Essential_amino_acid
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Leucine rich repeat containing 40 (LRRC40) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRC40 gene. LRRC40 is conserved throughout all of its orthologs
LRRC40
Amino acid that is incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation
essential amino acids. The essential amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine (i
Proteinogenic_amino_acid
Species of tree
9 g Amino acids Tryptophan 0.366 g Threonine 0.94 g Isoleucine 1.18 g Leucine 2.2 g Lysine 0.77 g Methionine 0.611 g Cystine 0.484 g Phenylalanine 1
Juglans_cinerea
Set of biochemical processes
transamination of the α-ketoisocaproate by the action of a glutamate-leucine transaminase. Leucine, like valine, regulates the first step of its pathway by inhibiting
Amino_acid_synthesis
Clear liquid inside coconuts
g Amino acids Tryptophan 0.008 g Threonine 0.026 g Isoleucine 0.028 g Leucine 0.053 g Lysine 0.032 g Methionine 0.013 g Cystine 0.014 g Phenylalanine
Coconut_water
Species of grass cultivated as a food crop
g Amino acids Tryptophan 0.023 g Threonine 0.129 g Isoleucine 0.129 g Leucine 0.348 g Lysine 0.137 g Methionine 0.067 g Cystine 0.026 g Phenylalanine
Maize
Yellow legume seeds used as food
2 g Amino acids Tryptophan 0.289 g Threonine 1.33 g Isoleucine 1.62 g Leucine 2.74 g Lysine 1.93 g Methionine 0.255 g Cystine 0.466 g Phenylalanine 1
Lupin_bean
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Leucine-rich repeat and Immunoglobulin-like domain-containing protein 1 also known as LINGO-1 is a protein which is encoded by the LINGO1 gene in humans
LINGO1
Chemical compound
produced via a reaction between the amino acid leucine and reductones in the malt. As it can be derived from leucine, the occurrence of isovaleraldehyde is not
Isovaleraldehyde
Chemical compound
plants and bacteria, isoleucine is synthesized from a pyruvate employing leucine biosynthesis enzymes. It is encoded by the codons AUU, AUC, and AUA. In
Isoleucine
systematic name (phosphatase 2A protein)-leucine ester acylhydrolase catalyses the reaction [phosphatase 2A protein]-leucine methyl ester + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle
Protein phosphatase methylesterase-1
Protein_phosphatase_methylesterase-1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANP32A gene. It is one of the targets of an
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A
Acidic_leucine-rich_nuclear_phosphoprotein_32_family_member_A
Type of an amino acid chain end
modification is the prion protein. C-terminal leucine is methylated at carboxyl group by enzyme leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1 in vertebrates, forming
C-terminus
Human protein and coding gene
transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the NFE2L2 gene. NRF2 is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein that may regulate the expression of antioxidant proteins
NFE2L2
Chemical compound
following chemical modifications: A¹ – 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib). L² – leucine modified with an α-methyl substituent (MeL, 2-methylleucine). S³ – L-serinamide
Retatrutide
Chemical compound
intermediate in the metabolism of leucine. Its metabolic precursor and metabolic product in the leucine metabolic pathway are β-leucine and β-ketoisocaproyl-CoA
Β-Ketoisocaproic_acid
Part of an egg which feeds the developing embryo
g Amino acids Tryptophan 0.177 g Threonine 0.687 g Isoleucine 0.866 g Leucine 1.399 g Lysine 1.217 g Methionine 0.378 g Cystine 0.264 g Phenylalanine
Yolk
Chemical compound
(β-Methylcrotonyl-CoA or MC-CoA) is an intermediate in the metabolism of leucine. It is found in mitochondria, where it is formed from isovaleryl-coenzyme
Methylcrotonyl-CoA
Blue-green algal genus used in food
47 g Amino acids Tryptophan 0.929 g Threonine 2.97 g Isoleucine 3.209 g Leucine 4.947 g Lysine 3.025 g Methionine 1.149 g Cystine 0.662 g Phenylalanine
Spirulina (dietary supplement)
Spirulina_(dietary_supplement)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid analog
its binding to just one isoform – α2δ-1. The endogenous α-amino acids L-leucine and L-isoleucine, which resemble gabapentin in chemical structure, bind
Gabapentin
Class of enzymes
mitochondria. It also plays a prominent role in the catabolism of the amino acid leucine. The HMGCL gene encodes a 34.5-kDa protein that is localized to the mitochondrion
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA_lyase
Chemical compound
2-Oxoadipic acid Glutaryl-CoA Glutaconyl-CoA Crotonyl-CoA β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA leucine→ β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA Isovaleryl-CoA
Ornithine
Genus of trees
g Amino acids Tryptophan 0.139 g Threonine 0.422 g Isoleucine 0.576 g Leucine 1.027 g Lysine 0.497 g Methionine 0.300 g Cystine 0.271 g Phenylalanine
Hickory
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1, also known as LGI1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LGI1 gene. It may be a metastasis suppressor. The
LGI1
Amino acid
2-Oxoadipic acid Glutaryl-CoA Glutaconyl-CoA Crotonyl-CoA β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA leucine→ β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA Isovaleryl-CoA
Threonine
Loss of skeletal muscle mass
Supplementation of protein or branched-chain amino acids, especially leucine, can provide a stimulus for muscle synthesis and inhibit protein breakdown
Muscle_atrophy
Group of metabolic disorders
usually not present. The branched-chain amino acids include isoleucine, leucine and valine. Organic acids refer to the amino acids and certain odd-chained
Organic_acidemia
Class of enzymes
3-methylbutanoyl-CoA:(acceptor) oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation. It employs one cofactor, FAD. As of late 2007
Isovaleryl-CoA_dehydrogenase
Human LRRC27 gene
Leucine rich repeat containing 27 (LRRC27) a is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LRRC27 gene. Homo sapiens gene Leucine Rich Repeat containing
Leucine rich repeat containing 27
Leucine_rich_repeat_containing_27
American animal scientist
Illinois Urbana-Champaign Thesis Evaluation of dietary arginine, histidine, leucine and tryptophan for pregnancy in swine (1976) Doctoral advisor D.H. Baker
Robert_A._Easter
N-ethylmorpholine 1119–29–5 C6H13NO2 aminocaproic acid 60–32–2 isoleucine Ile 73–32–5 leucine Leu 61–90–5 C6H14 hexane 110–54–3 C6H14N2O2 lysine Lys 56–87–1 N-Methylornithine
Glossary_of_chemical_formulae
Aggregates which can form on cheese
amino acid crystals inside the cheese consisting mainly of tyrosine and of leucine and isoleucine have been reported. In general, any substance that has a
Cheese_crystals
Group of peptide hormones in mammals
of renin on angiotensinogen. Renin cleaves the peptide bond between the leucine (Leu) and valine (Val) residues on angiotensinogen, creating the decapeptide
Angiotensin
reaction Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } benzyl alcohol + CO2 + L-leucine Thus, the two substrates of this
Nα-benzyloxycarbonylleucine hydrolase
Nα-benzyloxycarbonylleucine_hydrolase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and 3' UTR both are rich in leucines, suggesting that they may be degenerate repeats (the overall protein is 19.7% leucine and 7.5% asparagine, both very
LRRC57
Pungent chemical compound in chili peppers
and Sukrasno and Yeoman. Suzuki et al. are responsible for identifying leucine as another precursor to the branched-chain fatty acid pathway. It was discovered
Capsaicin
Protein superfamily
LYRM protein (Leucine-Tyrosine-Arginine motif) also known as LYRMs, are a superfamily of small (11–22 kDa), basic, predominantly mitochondrial proteins
LYRM_protein
Endogenous GABA precursor
2-Oxoadipic acid Glutaryl-CoA Glutaconyl-CoA Crotonyl-CoA β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA leucine→ β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA Isovaleryl-CoA
N-Acetylputrescine
Chemical reaction
The Juliá–Colonna epoxidation is an asymmetric poly-leucine catalyzed nucleophilic epoxidation of electron deficient olefins in a triphasic system. The
Juliá–Colonna_epoxidation
Skin condition where patches lose pigment
levels in people with vitiligo. In one of the mutations, the amino acid leucine in the NALP1 protein was replaced by histidine (Leu155 → His). The original
Vitiligo
Asparagine Cysteine Glutamic acid Glutamine Glycine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine
List_of_macronutrients
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) also known as modulator of non-genomic activity of estrogen receptor (MNAR) and transcription
PELP-1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Leucine rich repeat containing 61 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRC61 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000127399 – Ensembl, May
Leucine rich repeat containing 61
Leucine_rich_repeat_containing_61
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Leucine-rich repeats and death domain containing, also known as LRDD or p53-induced protein with a death domain (PIDD), is a protein which in humans is
LRDD
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGR4 gene. LGR4 is known to have a role in the
LGR4
Chemical compound found in all domains of life with largely unexplored effects
2-Oxoadipic acid Glutaryl-CoA Glutaconyl-CoA Crotonyl-CoA β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA leucine→ β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA Isovaleryl-CoA
S-Adenosyl_methionine
Chemical compound
valine, leucine, and isoleucine. This organic compound plays a crucial role in several metabolic pathways, including the superpathway of leucine, valine
(R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Leucine-rich repeats and IQ motif containing 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRIQ1 gene. The protein is likely a nuclear encoding mitochondrial
Leucine-rich repeats and IQ motif containing 1
Leucine-rich_repeats_and_IQ_motif_containing_1
Fad diet, radical treatment of malignant hypertension
Aspartic acid Cysteine Glutamic acid Glutamine Glycine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Selenocysteine Serine Threonine
Rice_diet
Biochemical pathway that maintains glutamate supply in CNS
astrocytic compartment is via an amino-acid shuttle, of which there are two: leucine and alanine. The amino acid moves in the opposite direction of glutamine
Glutamate–glutamine_cycle
Α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins
one that is incorporated into proteins. L-alanine is second only to L-leucine in rate of occurrence, accounting for 7.8% of the primary structure in
Alanine
Characteristic of a group of organisms with a common ancestor
Phenyl- alanine TCT Serine TAT Tyrosine TGT Cysteine TTC TCC TAC TGC TTA Leucine TCA TAA Stop TGA Stop TTG TCG TAG Stop TGG Tryptophan C CTT CCT Proline
Common_descent
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LEUCINES