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This article lists languages depending on their use of grammatical gender and noun genders. Certain language families, such as the Austronesian, Turkic
List of languages by type of grammatical genders
List_of_languages_by_type_of_grammatical_genders
Language that has no distinctions of grammatical gender
well as gender-specific context, both biological and cultural. Genderless languages are listed at list of languages by type of grammatical genders. Genderless
Genderless_language
included in one of three genders: masculine, feminine or neuter. While the gender often does not directly influence the plural forms of nouns, there are
Grammatical_gender_in_German
languages, lack gender distinctions in personal pronouns entirely, as well as any system of grammatical gender. In languages with pronominal gender,
Gender neutrality in languages with gendered third-person pronouns
Gender_neutrality_in_languages_with_gendered_third-person_pronouns
Grammatical feature of verbs
In linguistics, grammatical mood is a grammatical feature of verbs, used for signaling modality. In other words, it is the use of verbal inflections that
Grammatical_mood
languages are spoken in Madagascar and parts of the Comoros. Khoe–Kwadi languages are spoken mostly in Namibia and Botswana. Indo-European languages,
Languages_of_Africa
Categorization of nouns and modifiers by function
grammatical functions for a nominal group in a wording. In various languages, nominal groups consisting of a noun and its modifiers belong to one of a
Grammatical_case
Sociological constructs related to sex
genders (and fourth genders, etc.) such as the hijras of South Asia and two-spirit persons native to North America. Most scholars agree that gender is
Gender
Branch of the Iranian languages
The Western Iranian languages or Western Iranic languages are a branch of the Iranian languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC)
Western_Iranian_languages
A system of grammatical gender, by means of which all noun classes required an explicitly masculine, feminine, or neuter inflection or agreement, existed
Gender_in_English
Programming language
Grammatical Framework (GF) is a programming language for writing grammars of natural languages. GF is capable of parsing and generating texts in several
Grammatical Framework (programming language)
Grammatical_Framework_(programming_language)
Explanation of gender of Dutch words
and Icelandic, have retained the three grammatical genders found in the older forms of all Germanic languages: masculine, feminine, or neuter. Almost
Gender_in_Dutch_grammar
Language family
The South Slavic languages are one of the three branches of the Slavic languages. They have approximately 30 million speakers, chiefly in the Balkans
South_Slavic_languages
Concept in grammar
for grammatical relations. Aspectual particles signal grammatical aspects. Modal particles express linguistic modality. However, Polynesian languages, which
Grammatical_particle
the grammatical gender of their primary noun. Foltinek, Selina; McGillen, Petra. "Abbreviations (Abkürzungen)". Dartmouth College Department of German
List_of_German_abbreviations
Change in form of a word depending on related words
of inflection, and usually involves making the value of some grammatical category (such as gender or person) "agree" between varied words or parts of
Agreement_(linguistics)
Grammatical category expressing how a verb extends over time
relevance at the time of reference: "I have eaten"; "I had eaten"; "I will have eaten". Different languages make different grammatical aspectual distinctions;
Grammatical_aspect
Grammatical and/or semantic category of nouns
(antonym: inanimacy) is a grammatical and semantic feature, existing in some languages, expressing how sentient or alive the referent of a noun is. Widely expressed
Animacy
Division of the Semitic languages of the Levant
genitive), two genders (masculine, feminine) and three numbers (single, dual, plural). Proto-Northwest Semitic pronouns had 2 genders and 3 grammatical cases.
Northwest_Semitic_languages
Language family of Siberia and Manchuria
elaborate patterns of tense and aspect marking. However, none of the languages have grammatical gender or noun classes. All Tungusic languages have postpositions
Tungusic_languages
Subfamily of Indo-European languages
The Slavic languages, also known as the Slavonic languages, are Indo-European languages spoken primarily by the Slavic peoples and their descendants. They
Slavic_languages
Fictional languages in "Game of Thrones"
bē, "on top of a house"). There are four grammatical genders, which do not align with biological sex. The Valyrian names for the genders are: hūrenkon
Valyrian_languages
Tibeto-Burman language
permissive causative marker, as in other Southeast Asian languages, but unlike in most Tibeto-Burman languages. This usage is hardly used in Upper Burmese varieties
Burmese_language
Definite article in English
This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. In most dialects, "the"
The
Expression of time reference in grammar
remote future. There are also tenseless languages, like most of the Chinese languages; however, these languages do refer to time in different ways. Tenses
Grammatical_tense
Language family native to Eurasia
(Anatolian and Tocharian), as are a number of other Indo-European languages. Today the individual Indo-European languages with the most native speakers are Spanish
Indo-European_languages
West Slavic language group
partially mutually intelligible languages spoken by the Sorbs, a West Slavic ethno-cultural minority in the Lusatia region of Eastern Germany. They are classified
Sorbian_languages
Branch of the Afroasiatic languages
South Arabian languages and numerous other ancient and modern languages. They are spoken by more than 460 million people across much of West Asia, North
Semitic_languages
Northeast Caucasian language
man-ERG "That man over there" As in other Nakh languages, Batsbi has several noun classes (grammatical genders) that are indexed through class prefixes on
Bats_language
North Germanic language
of all three genders (including the feminine) is mandatory in Nynorsk. All Norwegian dialects have traditionally retained all the three grammatical genders
Norwegian_language
Linguistic category of nouns
This type of noun affixation is not very frequent in English, but quite common in languages which have the true grammatical gender, including most of the
Noun_class
East Slavic language
languages, Rusyn has three grammatical genders: feminine, masculine, and neuter. Furthermore, like those languages, Rusyn uses a seven-case system of
Rusyn_language
West Germanic language
Chinese and Spanish. English is either the official language, or one of the official languages, of 57 sovereign states and 30 dependent territories, making
English_language
Japonic language
of the period. Several fossilizations of Old Japanese grammatical elements remain in the modern language – the genitive particle tsu (superseded by modern
Japanese_language
Structured system of communication
database of structural (phonological, grammatical, lexical) properties of languages Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a comprehensive catalog of all of the
Language
Language whose grammar rarely uses word inflection
other Indo-European languages. For example, Proto-Indo-European had much more complex grammatical conjugation; grammatical genders; dual number; and inflections
Analytic_language
Prejudice or discrimination based on a person's sex or gender
default to refer to a person of unknown gender Terms ending in "-man" that may be performed by those of non-male genders, such as businessman, chairman
Sexism
Language family
contrast to Pontic languages for the Northwest Caucasian languages), is a family of languages spoken in the Russian republics of Dagestan, Chechnya and
Northeast_Caucasian_languages
Language family of northern Eurasia
The Uralic languages (/jʊəˈrælɪk/ yoor-AL-ik), sometimes called the Uralian languages (/jʊəˈreɪliən/ yoor-AY-lee-ən), are a language family native to
Uralic_languages
Gender identity of lacking a gender
having no gender. Agender people may choose to not follow traditional gender roles. Some agender people partially associate with other genders, while others
Agender
Old Iranian language
as [w]. Old Persian has 3 types of grammatical number: singular, dual and plural. Old Persian has three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine and neuter
Old_Persian
Large language family spoken in Sub-Saharan Africa
Bantoid languages. The total number of Bantu languages is estimated at between 440 and 680 distinct languages, depending on the definition of "language" versus
Bantu_languages
Indo-Aryan language and dialect cluster of northwest India
languages are a group of various languages derived from Western Indo-Aryan languages, primarily spoken in Rajasthan and Malwa, and adjacent areas of Haryana
Rajasthani_languages
Pre-Columbian languages of subcontinent
clearest case of isolating languages. Guaicuru languages (Mataco–Guaicuru) have a grammatical gender distinction in the noun, although other languages have special
Indigenous languages of South America
Indigenous_languages_of_South_America
Subgroup of Indo-Aryan languages
Dardic languages (also Dardu or Pisaca), also known as Hindu-Kush Indo-Aryan languages, is an areal group of several northwestern Indo-Aryan languages spoken
Dardic_languages
English is a West Germanic language that originated from Ingvaeonic languages brought to Britain in the mid-5th to 7th centuries AD by Anglo-Saxon migrants
History_of_English
Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani people
languages spoken in large parts of India. Romani also shows some similarity to the Northwestern Zone languages. In particular, the grammaticalization
Romani_language
Language family of Eurasia
The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35 documented languages spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia, from Southeastern Europe and Eastern
Turkic_languages
Large language family of Africa and West Asia
Afroasiatic languages (also known as the Afro-Asiatic, Afrasian, Hamito-Semitic, or Semito-Hamitic languages) are a language family (or phylum) of about 400
Afroasiatic_languages
Grammar of the French language
indicative. Every French noun has a grammatical gender, either masculine or feminine. The grammatical gender of a noun referring to a human usually corresponds
French_grammar
West Germanic language
however, include the survival of two to three grammatical genders – albeit with few grammatical consequences – as well as the use of modal particles, final-obstruent
Dutch_language
Indo-Aryan language
recognised by the government and taught in university as well. Bhojpuri is listed as a potentially vulnerable language in the UNESCO World Atlas of Languages. The
Bhojpuri_language
Ancestor of the Indo-European languages
three grammatical genders: masculine feminine neuter This system is probably derived from an older two-gender system, attested in Anatolian languages: common
Proto-Indo-European_language
Language family of the Arctic and sub-Arctic
Inuit–Yupik–Unangan languages are a language family native to the northern portions of the North American continent, and a small part of northeastern Asia. Languages in
Eskaleut_languages
Lezgic language of southern Dagestan, Russia
noun classes (that is, grammatical gender), whereas Southern Tabasaran lacks noun classes / gender. It is spoken in the basin of Upper Rubas-nir and Upper
Tabasaran_language
Northwestern Iranian language spoken in Turkey
Furthermore, the language exhibits significant grammatical affinities with Parthian and Bactrian, two ancient and extinct Iranian languages spoken in antiquity
Zaza_language
Type of noun referring to collections as a unit
collective nouns. Linguistics portal Grammatical number Hypernym, supertype, umbrella term, blanket term List of animal names, including names for groups
Collective_noun
Muran language
The Pirahã language is one of the phonologically simplest languages known, comparable to Rotokas (New Guinea) and the Lakes Plain languages such as Obokuitai
Pirahã_language
Prestige language of the Yi people
as Yi, Lolo, Moso, or Noso. The six Yi languages recognized by the Chinese government have only 25% to 50% of their vocabulary in common. They share a
Nuosu_language
Language family spoken in Mesoamerica
Mayan languages are a language family spoken in Mesoamerica, both in the south of Mexico and northern Central America. Mayan languages are spoken by at least
Mayan_languages
Process of language acquisition
therefore is that children learn language by acquiring and experimenting with grammatical patterns, the statistical language acquisition theory. The two most
Language_development
Simplified language
pidgin language, is a grammatically simplified form of contact language that develops between two or more groups of people that do not have a language in
Pidgin
Reconstructed ancestor of the Australian language family
makes use of a number of what are called noun classes or grammatical genders. These languages are commonly termed "prefixing" languages. The only "prefixing"
Proto-Australian_language
1959 essay written by Roman Jakobson
of the factors that translation has to take care of is the grammatical structure of the target language, Jakobson believes that it becomes tedious to try
On Linguistic Aspects of Translation
On_Linguistic_Aspects_of_Translation
Branch of the Indo-European language family
The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe,
Germanic_languages
Basic elements of language
of words coincide and one can analyze, for example, a "phonological word" as essentially the same as "grammatical word". However, in other languages they
Word
Dravidian language
Tamil language family that, alongside Tamil proper, includes the languages of about 35 ethno-linguistic groups such as the Irula and Yerukula languages (see
Tamil_language
Northeast Caucasian language
however, did reflect grammatical gender within anaphoric pronouns. Udi has a complex case system of 11 cases with 3 inflectional types: Absolutive inflection
Udi_language
underlies the world’s languages. Linguists have long known that the basic design features of language are found everywhere… A common grammatical code, neutral
Glossary of language education terms
Glossary_of_language_education_terms
Convergence zone and proposed language family
Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages, which expanded the 1991 lexical lists and added other phonological and grammatical arguments. Starostin's
Altaic_languages
Family of languages and dialects Indigenous to North Africa
instead of Tifinagh letters. The Berber languages (also known as the Amazigh languages or Tamazight) are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family.
Berber_languages
Chadic language spoken in West Africa
mark grammatical categories. Ethnologue estimated that it was spoken as a first language by some 58 million people and as a second language by another
Hausa_language
all of these may be legal entities in all jurisdictions. The specific rules vary by country and by state or province. Some of these types are listed below
List of legal entity types by country
List_of_legal_entity_types_by_country
Ancestor of the Germanic languages
and earlier attested Indo-European languages, extremely early Germanic loanwords in Baltic and Finnish languages (for example, Finnish kuningas 'king')
Proto-Germanic_language
Language family
The Dravidian languages are a family of languages spoken by 250 million people, primarily in South India, but also in parts of North India, Bangladesh
Dravidian_languages
Uralic language
Uralic languages, Mari is an agglutinative language, adhering to agglutinative typology more than other Uralic languages. It lacks grammatical gender, and
Mari_language
Process of word formation, by alteration to express grammatical categories
of word formation in which a word is modified to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender,
Inflection
Flattening breasts with undergarments
appearance, to assist with passing as male. For affirming gender identity and alleviating gender dysphoria by creating a masculine silhouette. For increased breast
Breast_binding
Grammatical concept
including other arguments not covered by core grammatical roles, such as those governed by case morphology (as in languages such as Latin) or relational nouns
Object_(grammar)
Niger–Congo language cluster
The Gbe languages (pronounced [ɡ͡bè]) form a cluster of about twenty related languages stretching across the area between eastern Ghana and western Nigeria
Gbe_languages
Gender identity as neither man nor woman
(social/psychological) gender. Anthropologist Michael G. Peletz believes our notions of different types of genders (including the attitudes toward the third gender) deeply
Third_gender
Words supplying mainly grammatical information, rather than content information
said. Grammatical words, as a class, can have distinct phonological properties from content words. For example, in some of the Khoisan languages, most
Function_word
Pronoun that is associated with a particular grammatical person
animal of unspecific sex. This is an example of pronoun selection based on natural gender; many languages also have selection based on grammatical gender (as
Personal_pronoun
Kipchak Turkic language
suffixes which express grammatical number, case and possession. As in all other Turkic languages, there is no grammatical gender in Crimean Tatar. Nouns
Crimean_Tatar_language
Bantu language spoken in Africa
descriptions of Bantu languages. Individual classes pair up to form singular/plural pairs, sometimes called genders. There are seven genders. The singular
Lingala
Indo-European language of the Italic branch
Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins in Latium (now
Latin
Germanic language spoken from the 8th to 12th centuries
three grammatical numbers (singular, plural, and dual), and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). The dual forms occurred in the
Old_Saxon
Feature in the morphology or syntax of some languages
out of all the girls". Languages also possess other structures for comparing adjectives and adverbs, such as "as... as" in English. А few languages apply
Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs
Degrees_of_comparison_of_adjectives_and_adverbs
Central Algonquian language of North America
grammatical borrowing—the diffusion of elements and features across language boundaries—appears to have been the major factor in giving the languages
Ojibwe_language
Identifying parts of speech in a text corpus
corpus linguistics, part-of-speech tagging (POS tagging, PoS tagging, or POST), also called grammatical tagging, is the process of marking up a word in a
Part-of-speech_tagging
Difference between biological sex and gender identity
reasons." The term gender is sometimes used by linguists to refer to social gender as well as grammatical gender. Some languages, such as German or Finnish
Sex–gender_distinction
Grammatical features of Old English
three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). First and second-person personal pronouns also had dual forms for referring to groups of two
Old_English_grammar
Grammar of the Japanese language
order is normally subject–object–verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, and sentence structure is topic–comment. Its phrases are
Japanese_grammar
Grammatical category for new or contrastive information
In linguistics, focus (abbreviated foc) is a grammatical category that conveys the part of the sentence that contributes new, non-derivable, or contrastive
Focus_(linguistics)
West Slavic language
declined into one of seven grammatical cases which indicate their function in a sentence, two numbers (singular and plural) and three genders (masculine, feminine
Czech_language
Language family of the Andes in South America
indigenous languages as official languages of the country. The major obstacle to the usage and teaching of Quechua languages is the lack of written materials
Quechuan_languages
Northern Tiwa dialect spoken in Taos Pueblo, New Mexico
affected by language endangerment pressures. Nonetheless, it is one of 46 languages in North America that are being spoken by significant numbers of children
Taos_language
Language constructed for aesthetic reasons
are fictional languages (sometimes also referred to as "professional artlangs"). Fictional languages are intended to be the languages of a fictional world
Artistic_language
Western Iranian language
Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly
Persian_language
English words "the", "a(n)", and sometimes "some"
any letter. This is different from many other languages which have different articles for different genders and/or numbers. In Middle English, the digraph
English_articles
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LIST OF-LANGUAGES-BY-TYPE-OF-GRAMMATICAL-GENDERS
LIST OF-LANGUAGES-BY-TYPE-OF-GRAMMATICAL-GENDERS
LIST OF-LANGUAGES-BY-TYPE-OF-GRAMMATICAL-GENDERS
LIST OF-LANGUAGES-BY-TYPE-OF-GRAMMATICAL-GENDERS
LIST OF-LANGUAGES-BY-TYPE-OF-GRAMMATICAL-GENDERS
LIST OF-LANGUAGES-BY-TYPE-OF-GRAMMATICAL-GENDERS
LIST OF-LANGUAGES-BY-TYPE-OF-GRAMMATICAL-GENDERS
LIST OF-LANGUAGES-BY-TYPE-OF-GRAMMATICAL-GENDERS
LIST OF-LANGUAGES-BY-TYPE-OF-GRAMMATICAL-GENDERS
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