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Set of equations that describe superstring theory in a non-perturbative framework
physics, matrix string theory is a set of equations that describe superstring theory in a non-perturbative framework. Type IIA string theory can be shown
Matrix_string_theory
Framework of superstring theory
Edward Witten first conjectured the existence of such a theory at a string theory conference at the University of Southern California in 1995. Witten's
M-theory
Quantum mechanical model based on mathematical matrices
In theoretical physics, the matrix theory is a quantum mechanical model proposed in 1997 by Tom Banks, Willy Fischler, Stephen Shenker, and Leonard Susskind;
Matrix_theory_(physics)
matter physics, cosmology, and pure mathematics. String theory represents an outgrowth of S-matrix theory, a research program begun by Werner Heisenberg
History_of_string_theory
Theory of strings with supersymmetry
'Superstring theory' is a shorthand for supersymmetric string theory because unlike bosonic string theory, it is the version of string theory that accounts
Superstring_theory
Precursor physical model to string theory and quantum chromodynamics
field theory. But in the guise of string theory, S-matrix theory is still a popular approach to the problem of quantum gravity. The S-matrix theory is related
S-matrix_theory
26-dimensional string theory
Bosonic string theory is the original version of string theory, developed in the late 1960s. It is so called because it contains only bosons in the spectrum
Bosonic_string_theory
Principle in theoretical physics
The holographic principle is a property of string theories and a supposed property of quantum gravity that states that the description of a volume of
Holographic_principle
Hypothetical physical entity
In physics, a string is a physical entity postulated in string theory and related subjects. Unlike elementary particles, which are zero-dimensional or
String_(physics)
Collection of possible string theory vacua
In string theory, the string theory landscape (or landscape of vacua) is the collection of possible false vacua, together comprising a collective "landscape"
String_theory_landscape
Theory of subatomic structure
In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called
String_theory
string theory Type IIB string theory Heterotic string N=2 superstring M-theory Matrix theory Introduction to M-theory F-theory String field theory Matrix string
List_of_string_theory_topics
Czech physicist and translator
string theory, Motl came to the attention of string theorist Thomas Banks in 1996, when Banks read an arXiv posting by Motl on matrix string theory.
Luboš_Motl
Branch of string theory
theoretical physics, F-theory is a branch of string theory developed by Iranian-American physicist Cumrun Vafa. The new vacua described by F-theory were discovered
F-theory
Compact astronomical body
on string theory, states that black holes are actually made up of quantum microstates and need not have a singularity or an event horizon. The theory of
Black_hole
Aspect of theoretical physics
physics, type II string theory is a unified term that includes both type IIA strings and type IIB strings theories. Type II string theory accounts for two
Type_II_string_theory
Candidate "Theory of Everything"
the 1980s, a new mathematical model of theoretical physics, called string theory, emerged. It showed how all the different subatomic particles known
Introduction_to_M-theory
Aspect of theoretical physics
In theoretical physics, type I string theory is one of five consistent supersymmetric string theories in ten dimensions. It is the only one whose strings
Type_I_string_theory
In physics and geometry: conjectured relation between pairs of Calabi–Yau manifolds
but are nevertheless equivalent when employed as extra dimensions of string theory. Early cases of mirror symmetry were discovered by physicists. Mathematicians
Mirror symmetry (string theory)
Mirror_symmetry_(string_theory)
All that exists
M-theory, which is described in many sectors by matrix string theory, and in many other sectors by perturbative string theory, is the complete theory of
Everything
Hypothetical faster-than-light particle
theories of superconductivity. Another example of a tachyonic field is the tachyon of bosonic string theory. Tachyons are predicted by bosonic string
Tachyon
Dutch physicist
Princeton University. He specializes in string theory and quantum field theory, and developed the Matrix String Theory together with his twin brother Erik
Herman_Verlinde
Theory in physics
non-critical string theory describes the relativistic string without enforcing the critical dimension. Although this allows the construction of a string theory in
Non-critical_string_theory
Seven-dimensional Riemannian manifold
manifolds are important in string theory. They break the original supersymmetry to 1/8 of the original amount. For example, M-theory compactified on a G 2
G2_manifold
Unobservable spacetime curves needed to describe Dirac monopoles
In physics, a Dirac string is a one-dimensional curve in space, conceived of by the physicist Paul Dirac, stretching between two hypothetical Dirac monopoles
Dirac_string
Physics concept of subatomic structure
In string theory, a heterotic string is a closed string (or loop) which is a hybrid ('heterotic') of a superstring and a bosonic string. There are two
Heterotic_string_theory
Hypothetical elementary particle that mediates gravity
field theory of gravitons due to the unsolved mathematical problem of renormalization in general relativity. This problem is avoided in string theory, which
Graviton
Riemannian manifold with SU(n) holonomy
string theory landscape. Connected with each hole in the Calabi–Yau space is a group of low-energy string vibrational patterns. Since string theory states
Calabi–Yau_manifold
Matrices named after Élie Cartan
representation theory, and more generally in the theory of representations of finite-dimensional associative algebras A that are not semisimple, a Cartan matrix is
Cartan_matrix
Formalism in string theory
String field theory (SFT) is a formalism in string theory in which the dynamics of relativistic strings is reformulated in the language of quantum field
String_field_theory
Unified field theory
theory is named after Theodor Kaluza and Oskar Klein. It is not supported by experiments, but is a precursor to supergravity and modern string theory
Kaluza–Klein_theory
Manifold with Riemannian, complex and symplectic structure
metrics. Every smooth complex projective variety is a Kähler manifold. Hodge theory is a central part of algebraic geometry, proved using Kähler metrics. Since
Kähler_manifold
Theory proposed by Roger Penrose
Twistor string theory was extended first by generalising the RSV Yang–Mills amplitude formula, and then by finding the underlying string theory. The extension
Twistor_theory
Simple Lie group; the automorphism group of the octonions
is simply connected. The Dynkin diagram for G2 is given by . Its Cartan matrix is: [ 2 − 3 − 1 2 ] {\displaystyle \left[{\begin{array}{rr}2&-3\\-1&2\end{array}}\right]}
G2_(mathematics)
Duality between theories of gravity on anti-de Sitter space and conformal field theories
theories of quantum gravity, formulated in terms of string theory or M-theory. On the other side of the correspondence are conformal field theories (CFT)
AdS/CFT_correspondence
Extended physical object in string theory
Look up brane in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In string theory and related theories (such as supergravity), a brane is a physical object that generalizes
Brane
Mathematical theory
type II string theory. For more information on twisted K-theory in string theory, see K-theory (physics). In the broader context of K-theory, in each
Twisted_K-theory
Symmetry between bosons and fermions
part of string theory, a possible theory of everything. There are two types of string theory, supersymmetric string theory or superstring theory, and non-supersymmetric
Supersymmetry
Lie algebra, usually infinite-dimensional
can be defined by generators and relations through a generalized Cartan matrix. These algebras form a generalization of finite-dimensional semisimple Lie
Kac–Moody_algebra
This page is a glossary of terms in string theory, including related areas such as supergravity, supersymmetry, and high energy physics. Contents: Conventions
Glossary_of_string_theory
Solitons in Euclidean spacetime
example, in oriented string theories, a Dp brane is a gauge theory instanton in the world volume (p + 5)-dimensional U(N) gauge theory on a stack of N D(p + 4)-branes
Instanton
Type of geometry in mathematics
of partial differential equations, established a comprehensive existence theory for Ricci-flat metrics in the special case of Kähler metrics on closed complex
Ricci-flat_manifold
American physicist
nonperturbative definition of String/M theory in a physical number of dimensions. Matrix Theory (see matrix string theory) is an example of a gauge/gravity
Stephen_Shenker
248-dimensional exceptional simple Lie group
physics and especially in string theory and supergravity. E8×E8 is the gauge group of one of the two types of heterotic string and is one of two anomaly-free
E8_(mathematics)
American theoretical physicist (born 1940)
hypothesis The holographic principle M-theory, including development of the Banks–Fischler–Shenker–Susskind matrix string model Introduction of holographic
Leonard_Susskind
Extended objects found in string theory
In string theory, D-branes, short for Dirichlet membrane, are a class of extended objects upon which open strings can end with Dirichlet boundary conditions
D-brane
Asymmetry of classical and quantum action
1103/PhysRevD.41.715. PMID 10012386. Conlon, Joseph (2016-08-19). Why String Theory? (1 ed.). CRC Press. p. 81. doi:10.1201/9781315272368. ISBN 978-1-315-27236-8
Anomaly_(physics)
Theories in particle physics and cosmology
cosmology refers to several theories in particle physics and cosmology related to string theory, superstring theory and M-theory. The central idea is that
Brane_cosmology
Process in particle physics
conjectured that the tachyons carried by open strings attached to D-branes in string theory reflect the instability of the D-branes with respect to their complete
Tachyon_condensation
Geometric space whose points represent algebro-geometric objects of some fixed kind
to the moduli space of possible string backgrounds. Moduli spaces also appear in physics in topological field theory, where one can use Feynman path integrals
Moduli_space
Type of Riemannian manifold
hyperkähler manifolds arise as moduli spaces of solutions to certain gauge theory equations which arise from the dimensional reduction of the anti-self dual
Hyperkähler_manifold
52-dimensional exceptional simple Lie group
choice of simple roots for F4, , is given by the rows of the following matrix: [ 0 1 − 1 0 0 0 1 − 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 − 1 2 − 1 2 − 1 2 ] {\displaystyle
F4_(mathematics)
Type of 2D conformal field theory
has been used by Juan Maldacena and Hirosi Ooguri to describe bosonic string theory on the three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space A d S 3 {\displaystyle
Wess–Zumino–Witten_model
Type of smooth complex surface of kodaira dimension 0
surfaces have been applied to Kac–Moody algebras, mirror symmetry and string theory. It can be useful to think of complex algebraic K3 surfaces as part
K3_surface
Comprehensive physical model
of SO(10). In some forms of string theory, including E8 × E8 heterotic string theory, the resultant four-dimensional theory after spontaneous compactification
Grand_Unified_Theory
Class of quantum field theory models
{\det g}}{\mathcal {D}}\Sigma .} This model proved to be relevant in string theory where the two-dimensional manifold is named worldsheet. Appreciation
Non-linear_sigma_model
133-dimensional exceptional simple Lie group
SU(8). In string theory, E7 appears as a part of the gauge group of one of the (unstable and non-supersymmetric) versions of the heterotic string. It can
E7_(mathematics)
Dutch theoretical physicist
and string theorist. He is the identical twin brother of physicist Herman Verlinde. The Verlinde formula, which is important in conformal field theory and
Erik_Verlinde
Algebraic structure used in theoretical physics
algebra for Lie groups in that they determine most of the representation theory and which is the starting point for classification. More formally, a Lie
Supergroup_(physics)
Peruvian theoretical physicist (b. 1954)
one of the world's leading experts in string field theory. He wrote the textbook A First Course in String Theory (2004, ISBN 0-521-83143-1), meant for
Barton_Zwiebach
Application of K-theory in string theory
In string theory, K-theory classification refers to a conjectured application of K-theory (in abstract algebra and algebraic topology) to superstrings
K-theory_(physics)
Secondary characteristic classes of 3-manifolds
the Chern–Simons forms are certain secondary characteristic classes. The theory is named for Shiing-Shen Chern and James Harris Simons, co-authors of a
Chern–Simons_form
Object in six-dimensional spacetime
In string theory, the NS5-brane is a fundamental extended object in six-dimensional spacetime that carries magnetic charge under the Neveu–Schwarz B-field
NS5-brane
Topological model
a standard format. For output checking or pattern analysis, a matrix value (or a string code) can be checked by a "mask": a desired output value with
DE-9IM
Generalized manifold
Orbifolding is therefore a general procedure of string theory to derive a new string theory from an old string theory in which the elements of G have been identified
Orbifold
In string theory, an S-brane is a hypothetical and controversial counterpart of the D-brane, which is localized in time. Depending on the context the
S-brane
Equivalence of two physical theories
duality) is an equivalence of two physical theories, which may be either quantum field theories or string theories. S-duality is useful for doing calculations
S-duality
In string theory, N = 2 superstring is a theory in which the worldsheet admits N = 2 supersymmetry rather than N = 1 supersymmetry as in the usual superstring
N_=_2_superstring
Eight-dimensional Riemannian manifold
of the Cayley form. Calabi–Yau manifold Eight-dimensional Seiberg–Witten theory G2 manifold Bonan, Edmond (1966). "Sur les variétés riemanniennes à groupe
Spin(7)-manifold
Modern theory of gravitation that combines supersymmetry and general relativity
obligatory gauge symmetry in type I and heterotic string theories, and obtained in type II string theory by compactification on certain Calabi–Yau manifolds
Supergravity
Infinite-dimensional group in topology
branch of mathematics, a string group is an infinite-dimensional group String ( n ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {String} (n)} introduced by Stolz
String_group
Algebra used in 2D conformal field theories and string theory
that plays an important role in two-dimensional conformal field theory and string theory. In addition to physical applications, vertex operator algebras
Vertex_operator_algebra
Superstring quantization approach
to introduce fermions in string theory. The theory is equivalent to RNS formalism which has been GSO projected. This theory is very hard to quantize,
GS_formalism
Matrix of binary truth values
matrix, binary matrix, relation matrix, Boolean matrix, or (0, 1)-matrix is a matrix with entries from the Boolean domain B = {0, 1}. Such a matrix can
Logical_matrix
Generalization of a black hole to higher dimensions
dimensions. That type of solution would be called a black p-brane. In string theory, the term black brane describes a group of D1-branes that are surrounded
Black_brane
Nambu-Goto action Bosonic string theory Kondo model (s-d model) Minimal model (Virasoro minimal model) String theory Conformal field theory Supersymmetry Topological
List of quantum field theories
List_of_quantum_field_theories
1871 Bach arrangement by August Wilhelmj
"Air on the G String", also known as "Air for G String" and "Celebrated Air", is August Wilhelmj's 1871 arrangement of the second movement of Johann Sebastian
Air_on_the_G_String
Base space for supersymmetric theories
implies that in a unitary, Poincaré invariant theory, which is a theory in which the S-matrix is a unitary matrix and the same Poincaré generators act on the
Superspace
Two-form field
In theoretical physics in general and string theory in particular, the Kalb–Ramond field (named after Michael Kalb and Pierre Ramond), also known as the
Kalb–Ramond_field
Conjectured duality combining S-duality and T-duality
physics, U-duality (short for unified duality) is a symmetry of string theory or M-theory combining S-duality and T-duality transformations. The term is
U-duality
Generalization of a manifold
In mathematics and string theory, a conifold is a generalization of a manifold. Unlike manifolds, conifolds can contain conical singularities, i.e. points
Conifold
Markov chain in which all states can be absorbing
absorbing state representing the string "HTH" and, therefore, cannot leave. For this absorbing Markov chain, the fundamental matrix is N = ( I − Q ) − 1 = ( [
Absorbing_Markov_chain
Topics referred to by the same term
management, an organizational structure Matrix (disambiguation) Algebraic logic Complete graph Lax pair String theory This disambiguation page lists articles
Matrix_model
Computer science metric for string similarity
In information theory, linguistics, and computer science, the Levenshtein distance is a string metric for measuring the difference between two sequences
Levenshtein_distance
Breakdown of conformal symmetry at the quantum level
mechanics alone. String theory is not classically scale invariant since it is defined with a massive "string constant". In string theory, conformal symmetry
Conformal_anomaly
78-dimensional exceptional simple Lie group
27-dimensional. In particle physics, E6 plays a role in some grand unified theories. There is a unique complex Lie algebra of type E6, corresponding to a complex
E6_(mathematics)
Brane in eleven-dimensional supergravity
mathematical object (brane) that appears in string theory and in related theories (e.g. M-theory, F-theory). In particular, it is a solution of eleven-dimensional
M2-brane
Matrix representing the effect of scattering on a physical system
S-matrix results are important for conformal field theory, integrable systems, and several further areas of quantum field theory and string theory. S-matrices
S-matrix
Algebraic structure used in theoretical physics
Grozman, P.; Leites, D.; Shchepochkina, I. (2005). "Lie Superalgebras of String Theories". Acta Mathematica Vietnamica. 26 (2005): 27–63. arXiv:hep-th/9702120
Lie_superalgebra
Physics conference held annually
conferences on the topic of string theory and quantum gravity, held annually since 1988. It is a key event for the string theory community. In 2004, it gathered
Strings_(conference)
Invariant action in bosonic string theory
simplest invariant action in bosonic string theory, and is also used in other theories that investigate string-like objects (for example, cosmic strings)
Nambu–Goto_action
singular values. The double scaling limit is often applied to matrix models, string theory, and other theories to obtain their simplified versions. v t e
Double_scaling_limit
Type of Lie algebra of interest in physics
affine Lie algebras, which are used in physics, particularly conformal field theory. Similarly, a set of all smooth maps from S1 to a Lie group G forms an
Loop_algebra
Model in string theory
model arose during the early investigation (1968–1973) of string theory as an S-matrix theory of the strong interaction. The dual resonance model was based
Dual_resonance_model
Hypothetical particle
perturbative string theories such as type I string theory, type II string theory, and heterotic string theory already contain the dilaton in the maximal
Dilaton
Equivalence of two physical theories
physical theories, which may be either quantum field theories or string theories. In the simplest example of this relationship, one of the theories describes
T-duality
Topological quantum field theory
context of string theory, a U(N) Chern–Simons theory on an oriented Lagrangian 3-submanifold M of a 6-manifold X arises as the string field theory of open
Chern–Simons_theory
Mathematical concept
In string theory, a worldsheet is a two-dimensional manifold which describes the embedding of a string in spacetime. The term was coined by Leonard Susskind
Worldsheet
Strong-weak duality in supersymmetric theories of theoretical physics
S-duality is now a basic ingredient in topological quantum field theories and string theories, especially since the 1990s with the advent of the second superstring
Montonen–Olive_duality
physics, the Hořava–Witten theory argues that the cancellation of anomalies guarantees that a supersymmetric gauge theory with the E8 gauge group propagates
Hořava–Witten_theory
MATRIX STRING-THEORY
MATRIX STRING-THEORY
Female
English
French form of Latin Maria, MARIE means "obstinacy, rebelliousness" or "their rebellion."
Male
English
Pet form of English Martin, MARTIE means "of/like Mars."
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Basque, French, Latin
Lady; Feminine of Martin; Warlike
Male
English
Pet form of English Matthew, MATTIE means "gift of God." Compare with feminine Mattie.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Bengali, British, Christian, English, Indian
Springtime; Spring Season; Rapid Movement
Male
French
 French form of Roman Latin Martinus, MARTIN means "of/like Mars." Compare with another form of Martin.
Male
English
 English form of Roman Latin Martinus, MARTIN means "of/like Mars." Compare with another form of Martin.
Female
Welsh
Welsh form of Old French Caterine, CATRIN means "pure."
Boy/Male
Indian, Modern
Strong
Female
Finnish
Finnish form of Greek Margarites, MAARIT means "pearl."
Female
English
English name derived from the season name, "spring," (Mar. 21 thru Jun. 21), derived from the verb spring, "to burst forth," from Proto-Indo-European *sprengh-, SPRING means "rapid movement."Â
Female
English
Pet form of English Matilda, MATTIE means "mighty in battle." Compare with masculine Mattie.
Female
Finnish
Finnish form of Greek Maria, MAARIA means "obstinacy, rebelliousness" or "their rebellion."Â
Girl/Female
Indian
Lively, Entertainer, From a stream or a Spring, The Spring season, The Spring season
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of strings or bow strings, from Middle English streng ‘string’, ‘cord’.
Female
English
English form of Latin Viatrix, BEATRIX means "voyager (through life)."
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
Strong
Female
German
Pet form of German Katarine, KATRIN means "pure."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English strong, strang ‘strong’, generally a nickname for a strong man but perhaps sometimes applied ironically to a weakling.French : translation of Trahand, a metonymic occupational name for a silkworker who drew out the thread from the cocoons (see Trahan).Translation of Ashkenazic Jewish Stark.
Boy/Male
Assamese, Indian
Sining
MATRIX STRING-THEORY
MATRIX STRING-THEORY
Girl/Female
Arabic
Love
Female
English
Pet form of English Eleanor, NELLE means "foreign; the other."
Female
Chinese
beautiful harp, lute or zither.
Boy/Male
Irish
Meaning “â€one from Desmond,â€â€ Desmond being an area of South Munster, one of the four provinces of Ireland. Popular diminutives are Des and Dessie.
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name NOSH means "father."
Boy/Male
English
Seeking Peace
Surname or Lastname
English or Welsh
English or Welsh : habitational name from Little and Great Brickhill in Buckinghamshire or from Brickil in Flintshire, both probably named with Old Welsh brig ‘hilltop’ + Old English hyll ‘hill’.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Flower
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Virtuous
Girl/Female
Anglo, Australian, Danish, Hebrew, Swedish
Little Warrior
MATRIX STRING-THEORY
MATRIX STRING-THEORY
MATRIX STRING-THEORY
MATRIX STRING-THEORY
MATRIX STRING-THEORY
superl.
Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged; as, a strong partisan; a strong Whig or Tory.
n.
A thread or cord on which a number of objects or parts are strung or arranged in close and orderly succession; hence, a line or series of things arranged on a thread, or as if so arranged; a succession; a concatenation; a chain; as, a string of shells or beads; a string of dried apples; a string of houses; a string of arguments.
superl.
Well established; firm; not easily overthrown or altered; as, a strong custom; a strong belief.
superl.
Affecting any sense powerfully; as, strong light, colors, etc.; a strong flavor of onions; a strong scent.
a.
Strong.
superl.
Moving with rapidity or force; violent; forcible; impetuous; as, a strong current of water or wind; the wind was strong from the northeast; a strong tide.
v. t.
To put on a string; to file; as, to string beads.
a.
Consisting of strings, or small threads; fibrous; filamentous; as, a stringy root.
superl.
Having virtues of great efficacy; or, having a particular quality in a great degree; as, a strong powder or tincture; a strong decoction; strong tea or coffee.
superl.
Adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind or imagination; striking or superior of the kind; powerful; forcible; cogent; as, a strong argument; strong reasons; strong evidence; a strong example; strong language.
n.
See Matrix.
superl.
Solid; nourishing; as, strong meat.
pl.
of Maori
v. t.
To furnish with strings; as, to string a violin.
p. p.
of String
n.
A small cord, a line, a twine, or a slender strip of leather, or other substance, used for binding together, fastening, or tying things; a cord, larger than a thread and smaller than a rope; as, a shoe string; a bonnet string; a silken string.
imp.
of String
v. t.
To deprive of strings; to strip the strings from; as, to string beans. See String, n., 9.