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Conjectured duality combining S-duality and T-duality
In physics, U-duality (short for unified duality) is a symmetry of string theory or M-theory combining S-duality and T-duality transformations. The term
U-duality
Equivalence of two physical theories
In theoretical physics, S-duality (short for strong–weak duality, or Sen duality) is an equivalence of two physical theories, which may be either quantum
S-duality
Equivalence of two physical theories
In theoretical physics, T-duality (short for target-space duality) is an equivalence of two physical theories, which may be either quantum field theories
T-duality
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up duality in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Duality may refer to: Duality (mathematics), a mathematical concept Dual (category theory), a formalization
Duality
Theory of subatomic structure
Two theories related by a duality need not be string theories. For example, Montonen–Olive duality is an example of an S-duality relationship between quantum
String_theory
General concept and operation in mathematics
the duality, the complement of the interior of any set U is equal to the closure of the complement of U. A duality in geometry is provided by the dual cone
Duality_(mathematics)
Framework of superstring theory
mathematical transformations called S-duality and T-duality. Witten's conjecture was based in part on the existence of these dualities and in part on the relationship
M-theory
Principle in theoretical physics
sometimes called Maldacena duality named after the Argentinian physicist Juan Maldacena (after ref.) or gauge/gravity duality, is a conjectured relationship
Holographic_principle
Concept in projective geometry
In projective geometry, duality or plane duality is a formalization of the striking symmetry of the roles played by points and lines in the definitions
Duality_(projective_geometry)
Principle in mathematical optimization
In mathematical optimization theory, duality or the duality principle is the principle that optimization problems may be viewed from either of two perspectives
Duality_(optimization)
Duality between theories of gravity on anti-de Sitter space and conformal field theories
field theories. Much of the usefulness of the duality results from the fact that it is a strong–weak duality: when the fields of the quantum field theory
AdS/CFT_correspondence
unified, as long hoped, by new equivalences. These are known as S-duality, T-duality, U-duality, mirror symmetry, and conifold transitions. The different theories
History_of_string_theory
Strong-weak duality in supersymmetric theories of theoretical physics
Montonen–Olive duality or electric–magnetic duality is the oldest known example of strong–weak duality or S-duality according to current terminology. It
Montonen–Olive_duality
Class of symmetries in string theory
theorists believe in its validity. Mirror symmetry U-duality Polchinski, Joseph (1996-10-01). "String duality". Reviews of Modern Physics. 68 (4). American
String_duality
Isbell duality Jónsson–Tarski duality Lagrange duality Langlands dual Lefschetz duality Local Tate duality Opposite category Poincaré duality Twisted
List_of_dualities
Theory of strings with supersymmetry
a G2 manifold. A particular exact symmetry of string/M-theory called T-duality (which exchanges momentum modes for winding number and sends compact dimensions
Superstring_theory
Extended objects found in string theory
1989, Dai, Leigh, Polchinski, and Hořava independently, discovered that T-duality interchanges the usual Neumann boundary conditions with Dirichlet boundary
D-brane
2004 single by Slipknot
AllMusic said that "Duality"'s lyrics "aren't unique" to Slipknot but described it as "otherwise strong". Stylus Magazine said "Duality" had a "grindcore
Duality_(song)
Branch of string theory
one obtains type IIB superstring theory in 10 dimensions. The SL(2,Z) S-duality symmetry of the resulting type IIB string theory is manifest because it
F-theory
Physics concept of subatomic structure
called S-duality. The HO and HE theories are also related by T-duality. Because the various superstring theories were shown to be related by dualities, it
Heterotic_string_theory
26-dimensional string theory
(-1-u/2)}{\Gamma (2+s/2)\Gamma (2+t/2)\Gamma (2+u/2)}}} Where k {\displaystyle k} is the total momentum and s {\displaystyle s} , t {\displaystyle t} , u
Bosonic_string_theory
In physics and geometry: conjectured relation between pairs of Calabi–Yau manifolds
particular example of what physicists call a physical duality. In general, the term physical duality refers to a situation where two seemingly different
Mirror symmetry (string theory)
Mirror_symmetry_(string_theory)
Hypothetical particle found in supergravity
physics, the dual graviton is a hypothetical elementary particle that is a dual of the graviton under electric–magnetic duality, as an S-duality, predicted
Dual_graviton
Riemannian manifold with SU(n) holonomy
Brian (1997), String theory on Calabi–Yau manifolds, Fields, strings and duality (Boulder, CO, 1996), River Edge, NJ: World Sci. Publ., pp. 543–726,
Calabi–Yau_manifold
Reformulation of supergravity
manifest. Exceptional group symmetries such as En(n) are manifestations of U-duality in the context of M-theory. In 1979, Eugène Cremmer and Bernard Julia
Exceptional_field_theory
Type of smooth complex surface of kodaira dimension 0
(1909). Aspinwall, Paul (1996), "K3 surfaces and string duality", Fields, strings and duality (Boulder, CO, 1996), World Scientific, pp. 421–540, arXiv:hep-th/9611137
K3_surface
Mathematical theorem in representation theory
Schur–Weyl duality is a mathematical theorem in representation theory that relates irreducible finite-dimensional representations of the general linear
Schur–Weyl_duality
Algebra used in 2D conformal field theories and string theory
For any u ∈ V , Y ( 1 , z ) u = u {\displaystyle u\in V\,,\,Y(1,z)u=u} and Y ( u , z ) 1 ∈ u + z V [ [ z ] ] {\displaystyle \,Y(u,z)1\in u+zV[[z]]}
Vertex_operator_algebra
248-dimensional exceptional simple Lie group
can be coupled to the N = 1 supergravity in ten dimensions. E8 is the U-duality group of supergravity on an eight-torus (in its split form). One way to
E8_(mathematics)
Mathematical optimization concept
belong to a larger class of duality theorems in optimization. The strong duality theorem is one of the cases in which the duality gap (the gap between the
Dual_linear_program
Aspect of theoretical physics
the coupling 1 / g {\displaystyle 1/g} . This equivalence is known as S-duality. Tzitzimpasis, P.https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~caval101/homepage/Stu
Type_I_string_theory
Theory in theoretical physics
and so arrive at the same geometry as in the dual theory. The mirror dual of this duality is another duality, which relates open strings in the B model
Topological_string_theory
Generalization of electrodynamics
Hodge duality maps electric charges of a description to magnetic charges of the dual description: Q p ( e ) [ S u D − 2 ] ↔ Q q ( m ) [ S u D − 2 ]
P-form_electrodynamics
Application of K-theory in string theory
ten-dimensional spacetime, then a complication arises due to the self-duality of the RR fluxes. The duality uses the Hodge star, which depends on the metric and so
K-theory_(physics)
revolution Second superstring revolution T-duality S-duality U-duality Montonen–Olive duality Mysterious duality Graviton Dilaton Tachyon Ramond–Ramond field
List_of_string_theory_topics
Aspect of theoretical physics
incorporates various extended objects like D0, D2, D4 and D6 branes (using Hodge duality) among the D-branes (which are R {\displaystyle {\text{R}}} R {\displaystyle
Type_II_string_theory
Theoretical Physics
a given dimension are dual to a gauge theory in one lower dimension. The AdS/CFT correspondence is one example of such duality. Here, the field theory
Ryu–Takayanagi_conjecture
Invariant action in bosonic string theory
is the difference between kinetic and potential energy: L = K − U {\displaystyle L=K-U} . The action, often written S {\displaystyle S} , is then the integral
Nambu–Goto_action
Superconformal Yang–Mills theory
{\displaystyle G} to its Langlands dual group. This theory is also important in the context of the holographic principle. There is a duality between Type IIB string
N = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory
N_=_4_supersymmetric_Yang–Mills_theory
Mathematical concept
1007/978-1-4612-2256-9. ISBN 978-1-4612-2256-9. Susskind, Leonard (1970). "Dual-symmetric theory of hadrons, I.". Nuovo Cimento A. 69 (1): 457–496. Tong
Worldsheet
Dutch theoretical physicist
irrational conformal field theory, non-perturbative dualities in string theory (notably U-duality), and the dynamics of black holes and black branes via
Niels_Obers
Solitons in Euclidean spacetime
calculated by Nathan Seiberg and Edward Witten in "Electric – magnetic duality, monopole condensation, and confinement in N=2 supersymmetric Yang–Mills
Instanton
Model in string theory
of the dual N point function." Nordita preprint (1969); unpublished. Susskind, Leonard (1970-02-15). "Structure of Hadrons Implied by Duality". Physical
Dual_resonance_model
Type of Riemannian manifold
anti-self dual Yang–Mills equations: instanton moduli spaces, monopole moduli spaces, spaces of solutions to Nigel Hitchin's self-duality equations on
Hyperkähler_manifold
Symmetry between bosons and fermions
realistic theories. A prime example of this has been the demonstration of S-duality in four-dimensional gauge theories that interchanges particles and monopoles
Supersymmetry
Duality between a group and its representations
In mathematics, Tannaka–Krein duality theory concerns the interaction of a compact topological group and its category of linear representations. It is
Tannaka–Krein_duality
Set of equations that describe superstring theory in a non-perturbative framework
supersymmetric two-dimensional gauge theory, the gauge group of which is U(N) for a large value of N. This matrix string theory was first proposed by
Matrix_string_theory
Hypothetical particle dual to the photon
theoretical physics, the dual photon is a hypothetical elementary particle that is a dual of the photon under electric–magnetic duality which is predicted by
Dual_photon
Simple Lie group; the automorphism group of the octonions
C 1 = t 2 + u 2 + v 2 + w 2 + x 2 + y 2 + z 2 {\displaystyle C_{1}=t^{2}+u^{2}+v^{2}+w^{2}+x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}} C 2 = t u v + w t x + y w u + z y t + v
G2_(mathematics)
Object in six-dimensional spacetime
supergravity solutions of Lunin and Mathur. David Tong (2002). "NS5-Branes, T-Duality and Worldsheet Instantons". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2002 (7): 013
NS5-brane
In mathematics, vector space of linear forms
contravariance of vectors Dual module Dual norm Duality (mathematics) Duality (projective geometry) Pontryagin duality Reciprocal lattice – dual space basis, in
Dual_space
Mathematical conjecture
submanifolds. On the other hand, T-duality does the same transformation in this case, thus "mirror symmetry is T-duality". The initial proposal of the SYZ
SYZ_conjecture
Seven-dimensional Riemannian manifold
third Betti number of the G 2 {\displaystyle G_{2}} manifold and a number of U(1) vector supermultiplets equal to the second Betti number. Calabi–Yau manifold
G2_manifold
Predicted field theory in physics
surface, one obtains a four-dimensional quantum field theory, and there is a duality known as the AGT correspondence which relates the physics of this theory
6D (2,0) superconformal field theory
6D_(2,0)_superconformal_field_theory
Manifold with Riemannian, complex and symplectic structure
{\displaystyle H^{p,q}\cong {\overline {H^{n-p,n-q}}}} . It also follows from Serre duality. A simple consequence of Hodge theory is that every odd Betti number b
Kähler_manifold
dual resonance model An early precursor of string theory. duality A hidden connection between two different theories, such as S-duality, T-duality, U-duality
Glossary_of_string_theory
Quantum description of black holes
particular variant of superstring theory called Type IIB (see also String duality), which holds that strings are both "open" (double-ended entities) and
Fuzzball_(string_theory)
Algebraic structure used in theoretical physics
properties of the supergroup. There is another related Hopf algebra which is the dual of the previous Hopf algebra. It can be identified with the Hopf algebra
Supergroup_(physics)
Theory in physics
{E}})\end{aligned}}} Now because Y {\displaystyle Y} is Calabi–Yau, Serre duality implies Ext 2 ( E , E ) ≅ Ext 1 ( E , E ⊗ ω Y ) ∨ ≅ Ext 1 ( E , E ) ∨ {\displaystyle
Donaldson–Thomas_theory
Branch of string theory
case power-law inflation is possible. Veneziano, G. (1991). "Scale factor duality for classical and quantum strings". Physics Letters B. 265 (3–4): 287–294
String_cosmology
Philosophical theory
the position that man is made up of dual substances. Rather, Aquinas shows us that we can acknowledge a duality within substance itself, while maintaining
Mind–body_dualism
Modern theory of gravitation that combines supersymmetry and general relativity
N = (1, 0) 9d supergravity theories Maximal 9d supergravity from 10d T-duality N = 1 Gauged supergravity The supergravity theories that have attracted
Supergravity
Algebra combining both supersymmetry and conformal symmetry
(2002). "Introduction to Rigid Supersymmetric Theories". Confinement, Duality, and Non-Perturbative Aspects of QCD. NATO Science Series: B. Vol. 368
Superconformal_algebra
In mathematical optimization, Wolfe duality, named after Philip Wolfe, is type of dual problem in which the objective function and constraints are all
Wolfe_duality
Unified field theory
4-velocity: U ν ≡ d x ν d τ , {\displaystyle U^{\nu }\equiv {\frac {dx^{\nu }}{d\tau }},} d U ν d τ + Γ ~ α β μ U α U β + 2 Γ ~ 5 α μ U α U 5 + Γ ~ 55 μ ( U 5 )
Kaluza–Klein_theory
Superstring quantization approach
ground state | u ; k ⟩ R {\displaystyle |u;k\rangle _{\text{R}}} is a massless Majorana–Weyl fermion with polarization u s {\displaystyle u_{\boldsymbol
RNS_formalism
Generalized manifold
corresponding to intersections U i ⊃ U i ∩ U j ⊃ U i ∩ U j ∩ U k {\displaystyle U_{i}\supset U_{i}\cap U_{j}\supset U_{i}\cap U_{j}\cap U_{k}} there are charts
Orbifold
Real numbers adjoined with a nil-squaring element
closing up the plane of dual numbers to a cylinder. Suppose D is the ring of dual numbers x + yε and U is the subset with x ≠ 0. Then U is the group of units
Dual_number
Correspondence between anti-de Sitter space and quantum chromodynamics
successfully accomplished) to describe quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in terms of a dual gravitational theory, following the principles of the AdS/CFT correspondence
AdS/QCD_correspondence
Type of 2D conformal field theory
algebra of the S U ( 2 ) {\displaystyle SU(2)} WZW model, modular invariant torus partition functions obey an ADE classification, where the S U ( 2 ) {\displaystyle
Wess–Zumino–Witten_model
Lower energy limit in string theory
non-perturbative behavior of these theories and are related to the concept of S-duality. Black Holes: In supergravity and string theory, extremal black holes can
Bogomol'nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield bound
Bogomol'nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield_bound
Theory in physics
Liouville gravity Kiritsis, Elias (26 Jan 2009). "Dissecting the string theory dual of QCD". Fortschritte der Physik. 57 (5–7): 369–417. arXiv:0901.1772. Bibcode:2009ForPh
Non-critical_string_theory
Two-form field
Alejandro; García, J. Antonio (2007-02-10). "First-order Actions and Duality". International Journal of Modern Physics A. 22 (4): 851–867. arXiv:hep-th/0610022
Kalb–Ramond_field
Exterior algebraic map taking tensors from p forms to n-p forms
a sign – see § Duality below. This particular endomorphism property of 2-forms in four dimensions makes self-dual and anti-self-dual two-forms natural
Hodge_star_operator
Mathematics concept
explained SYZ conjecture in the context of Hitchin system and Langlands duality. The dimensions hp,q of spaces of harmonic (p,q)-differential forms (equivalently
Homological_mirror_symmetry
Formalism in string theory
Gaiotto, Davide; Rastelli, Leonardo (2005-07-25). "A paradigm of open/closed duality Liouville D-branes and the Kontsevich model". Journal of High Energy Physics
String_field_theory
Algebraic structure used in theoretical physics
s p ( m | 2 n ) = { X ∈ g l ( m | 2 n ) ∣ ⟨ X u , v ⟩ + ( − 1 ) | X | | u | ⟨ u , X v ⟩ = 0 for all u , v ∈ C m | 2 n } . {\displaystyle {\mathfrak
Lie_superalgebra
Eight-dimensional Riemannian manifold
that ι v ι u Φ ∧ ι v ι u Φ ∧ Φ = 6 | u ∧ v | 2 vol {\displaystyle \iota _{v}\iota _{u}\Phi \wedge \iota _{v}\iota _{u}\Phi \wedge \Phi =6|u\wedge v|^{2}\operatorname
Spin(7)-manifold
Citizenship in multiple countries held by the same person
Telegraph. Retrieved January 30, 2021. Kannof, Abraham U. (January 2011). "Dueling Nationalities: Dual Citizenship, Dominant and Effective Nationality, and
Multiple_citizenship
Mathematical theory
introducing a trivial P U ( H ) {\displaystyle PU({\mathcal {H}})} bundle P {\displaystyle P} over M {\displaystyle M} , where P U ( H ) {\displaystyle PU({\mathcal
Twisted_K-theory
Asymmetry of classical and quantum action
the triangle requires ∑ a l l d o u b l e t s T r T a T b Y ∝ δ a b ∑ a l l d o u b l e t s Y = ∑ a l l d o u b l e t s Q = 0 , {\displaystyle
Anomaly_(physics)
field is constrained to satisfy the self-duality condition G5 = *G5 where * is the Hodge star. The self-duality condition cannot be imposed by a Lagrangian
Ramond–Ramond_field
52-dimensional exceptional simple Lie group
"The Exceptional Simple Lie Algebras F(4) and E(6)". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 36 (2): 137–41. Bibcode:1950PNAS...36..137C. doi:10.1073/pnas.36.2.137
F4_(mathematics)
Superconformal quantum field theory
Bergman, Daniel Jafferis, and Juan Maldacena. It provides a holographic dual to M-theory on A d S 4 × S 7 {\displaystyle AdS_{4}\times S^{7}} . The ABJM
ABJM superconformal field theory
ABJM_superconformal_field_theory
Black brane solution in eleven-dimensional supergravity
11-dimensional supergravity multiplet. The M5-brane is the electric-magnetic dual of the M2-brane. Upon compactification, the M5-brane becomes either the D4-brane
M5-brane
Breakdown of conformal symmetry at the quantum level
mechanism directly contributing only less than one percent via mostly the u quark, d quark and electron masses. Sidney Coleman and Erick Weinberg showed
Conformal_anomaly
Property of a differential manifold that includes complex structures
structures are reductions of the structure group to U ( n ) × U ( n ) . {\displaystyle U(n)\times U(n).} Generalized Kähler manifolds, and their twisted
Generalized_complex_structure
Geometric space whose points represent algebro-geometric objects of some fixed kind
{O}}(d)))} with universal family given by U = { ( V ( f ) , f ) : f ∈ Γ ( O ( d ) ) } {\displaystyle {\mathcal {U}}=\{(V(f),f):f\in \Gamma ({\mathcal {O}}(d))\}}
Moduli_space
Dual pair of vector spaces
In mathematics, a dual system, dual pair or a duality over a field K {\displaystyle \mathbb {K} } is a triple ( X , Y , b ) {\displaystyle (X,Y,b)} consisting
Dual_system
Concept in theoretical physics
S2CID 15561489. A. Dabholkar (1998). "Lectures on orientifolds and duality". High Energy Physics and Cosmology. 14: 128. arXiv:hep-th/9804208. Bibcode:1998hepc
Orientifold
Symmetry in statistical physics
expansion Z N ( K , L ) {\displaystyle Z_{N}(K,L)} described as duality (here Kramers-Wannier duality). With the help of the relations tanh 2 x = 2 tanh x
Kramers–Wannier_duality
Superstring quantization approach
"Supersymmetrical Dual String Theory," Nucl. Phys. B181 (1981), 502–530. M. B. Green, J. H. Schwarz, J. H., "Supersymmetrical Dual String Theory (II):
GS_formalism
Theoretical process
when two M5-branes cross, one creates or destroys an M2-brane. Using S-duality one may obtain transitions without NS5-brane. For example, when a D5-brane
Hanany–Witten_transition
Concept from algebraic geometry
uses the dualizing sheaf on the ambient Pn to construct the dualizing sheaf on X. coherent duality reflexive sheaf Gorenstein ring Dualizing module Hartshorne
Dualizing_sheaf
Generalization of a black hole to higher dimensions
n-dimensional spacetime is: d s 2 = ( η a b + r s n − p − 3 r n − p − 3 u a u b ) d σ a d σ b + ( 1 − r s n − p − 3 r n − p − 3 ) − 1 d r 2 + r 2 d Ω
Black_brane
Natural number
smallest and the only even prime number. Because it forms the basis of a duality, it has religious and spiritual significance in many cultures. The number
2
Renormalization group duality in supersymmetric gauge theories
In quantum field theory, Seiberg duality, conjectured by Nathan Seiberg in 1994, is an S-duality relating two different supersymmetric QCDs. The two theories
Seiberg_duality
78-dimensional exceptional simple Lie group
the algebras of SO(10) × U(1) and SU(6) × SU(2). In addition to the 78-dimensional adjoint representation, there are two dual 27-dimensional "vector" representations
E6_(mathematics)
Theory in supersymmetric gauge theory
electric-magnetic duality (Seiberg & Witten 1994). Under a minimal assumption of assuming there are only three singularities in the moduli space at u = − 1 , +
Seiberg–Witten_theory
Algebraic surface defined by a cubic polynomial
naturally acts as the U-duality group. This map between del Pezzo surfaces and M-theory on tori is known as mysterious duality. The smooth complex cubic
Cubic_surface
U DUALITY
U DUALITY
Female
Egyptian
, the wife of Osirtesen.
Female
Egyptian
, the wife Ra-saa-ka-kheper-u.
Girl/Female
Muslim
One who guides u
Male
Egyptian
, a surname of king Rameses III.
Male
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name Há»®U means "very much." Often used as a middle name to amplify the given name.
Male
Egyptian
, the mother of Merri.
Female
Egyptian
, Most Beautiful Sun.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
U ndrestanding clever, wise
Girl/Female
Hindu
By birth u r so talented and intelligent what ever u think about u will be succeeded
Female
Egyptian
, the name of the mother, and of a granddaughter of King Sebekhotep II.
Male
Egyptian
, the father of the lady Set-ap.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Krishna Priya | கரஷà¯à®£ பà¯à®°à®¿à®¯Â
By birth u r so talented and intelligent what ever u think about u will be succeeded
Krishna Priya | கரஷà¯à®£ பà¯à®°à®¿à®¯Â
Female
Egyptian
, the wife of the officer Mert-u.
Male
Egyptian
, a son of Rameses II.
Female
Egyptian
, The Good Sebek.
Female
Egyptian
, the daughter of Nunnu.
Female
Egyptian
, The Good Pthah.
Female
Egyptian
, the wife of Atef-neb-ma.
Girl/Female
Indian
One who guides u
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian officer.
U DUALITY
U DUALITY
Male
French
 Norman French form of Old High German Bernhard, BERNARD means "bold as a bear." Compare with another form of Bernard.
Boy/Male
Hindu
The best, Ultimate, Another name for Vishnu, Foremost, First, Perfection, Best of all
Female
African
intention, life purpose, mind.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Fire
Girl/Female
Tamil
Deepjyothi | தீபஜà¯à®¯à¯‹à®¤à®¿
Light of lamp
Boy/Male
Hindu
Statue of courage and patience
Girl/Female
Tamil
Boy/Male
Christian, Indian, Modern
Heard of God; Full of Happiness; The Son of Obedience
Boy/Male
Celtic American Hebrew Gaelic
White.
Girl/Female
British, English, Hebrew
Noble Friend
U DUALITY
U DUALITY
U DUALITY
U DUALITY
U DUALITY
n.
A schedule, system, or scheme of duties imposed by the government of a country upon goods imported or exported; as, a revenue tariff; a protective tariff; Clay's compromise tariff. (U. S. 1833).
v. t.
The U-shaped piece which embraces the neck of an ox and fastens it to the yoke.
n.
A Burman measure of twelve miles. V () V, the twenty-second letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. V and U are only varieties of the same character, U being the cursive form, while V is better adapted for engraving, as in stone. The two letters were formerly used indiscriminately, and till a comparatively recent date words containing them were often classed together in dictionaries and other books of reference (see U). The letter V is from the Latin alphabet, where it was used both as a consonant (about like English w) and as a vowel. The Latin derives it from it from a form (V) of the Greek vowel / (see Y), this Greek letter being either from the same Semitic letter as the digamma F (see F), or else added by the Greeks to the alphabet which they took from the Semitic. Etymologically v is most nearly related to u, w, f, b, p; as in vine, wine; avoirdupois, habit, have; safe, save; trover, troubadour, trope. See U, F, etc.
n.
A plant of the genus Urtica, covered with minute sharp hairs containing a poison that produces a stinging sensation. Urtica gracitis is common in the Northern, and U. chamaedryoides in the Southern, United States. the common European species, U. urens and U. dioica, are also found in the Eastern united States. U. pilulifera is the Roman nettle of England.
n.
A measure for liquids in several countries. In Portugal the Lisbon almude is about 4.4, and the Oporto almude about 6.6, gallons U. S. measure. In Turkey the "almud" is about 1.4 gallons.
a.
Modified, as a vowel, by contraction of the lip opening, as / (f/d), / (/ld), etc., and as eu and u in French, and o, u in German. See Guide to Pronunciation, // 11, 178.
n.
A fresh-water fish of many species, of the genus Uranidea, esp. U. gobio of Europe, and U. Richardsoni of the United States; -- called also miller's thumb.
n.
A tree of the genus Ulmus, of several species, much used as a shade tree, particularly in America. The English elm is Ulmus campestris; the common American or white elm is U. Americana; the slippery or red elm, U. fulva.
n.
The earth raised about the roots of a plant or cluster of plants. [U. S.] See Hill, v. t.
n.
A Russian liquid measure, equal to 3.249 gallons of U. S. standard measure, or 2.706 imperial gallons.
n.
The euphonic modification of a root vowel sound by the influence of a, u, or especially i, in the syllable which formerly followed.
a.
Having a top, or head, shaped like the top of a covered wagon, or resembling in section or outline an inverted U, thus /; as, a wagonheaded ceiling.
a.
Having a roof, or top, shaped like an inverted U; wagon-headed.
n.
Same as Tsetse. U () the twenty-first letter of the English alphabet, is a cursive form of the letter V, with which it was formerly used interchangeably, both letters being then used both as vowels and consonants. U and V are now, however, differentiated, U being used only as a vowel or semivowel, and V only as a consonant. The true primary vowel sound of U, in Anglo-Saxon, was the sound which it still retains in most of the languages of Europe, that of long oo, as in tool, and short oo, as in wood, answering to the French ou in tour. Etymologically U is most closely related to o, y (vowel), w, and v; as in two, duet, dyad, twice; top, tuft; sop, sup; auspice, aviary. See V, also O and Y.
n.
A friend to colonization, esp. (U. S. Hist) to the colonization of Africa by emigrants from the colored population of the United States.
n.
A by-bidder; a decoy for gamblers [Slang, U. S.].
n.
A verbal noun; or (according to C.F.Becker), a case of the infinitive mood ending in -um and -u, that in -um being sometimes called the former supine, and that in -u the latter supine.
n.
Any one of several species of sciaenoid food fishes of the genus Umbrina, especially the Mediterranean species (U. cirrhosa), which is highly esteemed as a market fish; -- called also ombre, and umbrine.
n.
A shoe for horses, consisting of a narrow plate of iron in form somewhat like the letter U, nailed to a horse's hoof.