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Declarative authoring language for hypermedia documents
field of digital and interactive television, Nested Context Language (NCL) is a declarative authoring language for hypermedia documents. NCL documents do
Nested_Context_Language
Formal language models
Satta. "Efficient Parsing of Well-Nested Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems". In Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference
Mildly context-sensitive grammar formalism
Mildly_context-sensitive_grammar_formalism
Named function defined within a function
In computer programming, a nested function (or nested procedure or subroutine) is a named function that is defined within another (enclosing) block and
Nested_function
Topics referred to by the same term
of the birdbrain's nidopallium Nucleolin, a protein Nested Context Language NCAR Command Language NULL convention logic, a form of asynchronous logic
NCL
script language to its declarative environment, Ginga-NCL. In Ginga-NCL, Lua is integrated as media objects (named NCLua) inside Nested Context Language (NCL)
List of applications using Lua
List_of_applications_using_Lua
Formal language concept
regular languages of words, a set L of nested words is called regular if it is accepted by some (finite-state) nested word automaton. Nested word automata
Nested_word
XML-based markup language for multimedia presentations
Synchronized Accessible Media Interchange HTML+TIME XHTML+SMIL Nested Context Language (NCL) Semantic Web "System-Declared Uniform Type Identifiers".
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
Synchronized_Multimedia_Integration_Language
Software application
to assist in the development of Nested Context Language (NCL) applications. NCL is the standard declarative language for ISDB-Tb (International System
NCL_Eclipse
Rule system for formal languages
In formal language theory, a context-free grammar (CFG) is a formal grammar whose production rules can be applied to a nonterminal symbol regardless of
Context-free_grammar
Technical standard for digital televisions
than MPEG-2, and replaces BML with Ginga, a middleware supporting Nested Context Language (NCL) and Java-based interactive TV applications. The ISDB-T International
ISDB-T_International
Part of a computer program where a given name binding is valid
and all called functions. In languages with lexical scope and nested functions, local variables are in context for nested functions, since these are within
Scope_(computer_programming)
Japanese-Brazilian digital TV middleware
LAViD from Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). Nested Context Language Broadcast Markup Language "Ginga-NCL: Declarative Middleware for Multimedia
Ginga_(middleware)
Type of pumping lemma
In computer science, in particular in formal language theory, the pumping lemma for context-free languages, also known as the Bar-Hillel lemma, is a lemma
Pumping lemma for context-free languages
Pumping_lemma_for_context-free_languages
Problem in computer programming
if–then(–else) statement can make nested conditional statements ambiguous. Formally, the reference context-free grammar of the language is ambiguous, meaning there
Dangling_else
Lemma that defines a property of regular languages
{\displaystyle L} cannot be regular. The proof that the language of balanced (i.e., properly nested) parentheses is not regular follows the same idea. Given
Pumping lemma for regular languages
Pumping_lemma_for_regular_languages
Type of a context-free grammar
In formal language theory, an LL grammar is a context-free grammar that can be parsed by an LL parser, which parses the input from Left to right, and
LL_grammar
Type of context-free grammar
programming languages is the dangling else problem. In many languages, the else in an If–then(–else) statement is optional, which results in nested conditionals
Ambiguous_grammar
behaviors Namespace-based Validation Dispatching Language National Information Exchange Model Nested Context Language NewsML: provides a media-independent, structural
List_of_XML_markup_languages
In computer programming, a variable which is not defined in the local scope
the term can refer to global variables, it is primarily used in the context of nested and anonymous functions where some variables can be in neither the
Non-local_variable
correctly nested parentheses. (This is typically handled by a Chomsky Type 2 grammar, also termed a context-free grammar.) Context-free languages are a category
Comparison of parser generators
Comparison_of_parser_generators
Language consisting of balanced strings of brackets
helpful to define the Dyck language via a context-free grammar in some situations. The Dyck language is generated by the context-free grammar with a single
Dyck_language
Specification for metadata in web pages
example shows, Microdata items can be nested. In this case, an item of type http://schema.org/PostalAddress is nested inside an item of type http://schema
Microdata_(HTML)
Language used to describe another language
However, a nested metalanguage differs from an ordered one in that each level includes the one below. The paradigmatic example of a nested metalanguage
Metalanguage
Formal languages in computing
Indexed languages are a class of formal languages discovered by Alfred Aho; they are described by indexed grammars and can be recognized by nested stack
Indexed_language
Human-readable data serialization language
for multi-line strings is inspired by HTML. Lists and hashes can contain nested lists and hashes, forming a tree structure; arbitrary graphs can be represented
YAML
Programming language feature
call the nested function through its address after the containing function has exited, all hell will break loose." (GNU Compiler Collection: Nested Functions)
First-class_function
Text in computer source code that is generally ignored by a compiler/interpreter
implement } Some languages, including D and Swift, allow block comments to be nested while other do not, including C and C++. An example of nested blocks in
Comment (computer programming)
Comment_(computer_programming)
Formal grammar
Madhusudan related a subclass of regular binary tree languages to nested words and visibly pushdown languages. Applications of regular tree grammars include:
Regular_tree_grammar
Extension for closures/lambdas to the C programming language
resemblance to GCC's extension of C to support lexically scoped nested functions. However, GCC's nested functions, unlike blocks, must not be called after the
Blocks_(C_language_extension)
Finite-state machine
the string. The set of strings that M accepts is the language recognized by M and this language is denoted by L(M). A deterministic finite automaton without
Deterministic finite automaton
Deterministic_finite_automaton
Form of source code, without regard to meaning
grammar, i.e., they are context-free grammars, though the overall syntax is context-sensitive (due to variable declarations and nested scopes), hence Type-1
Syntax (programming languages)
Syntax_(programming_languages)
Computer science and linguistics concept relating to non-terminal production
whether a context-free grammar produces a finite or infinite language. Nederhof, Mark-Jan; Satta, Giorgio (2002), "Parsing Non-recursive Context-free Grammars"
Recursive_grammar
2000 American film
They Nest (also known as Creepy Crawlers) is a 2000 American science-fiction horror film directed by Ellory Elkayem and starring Thomas Calabro, Dean Stockwell
They_Nest
Text-string-oriented programming language
capabilities normally thought of as "structured programming", most notably nested if/then/else type constructs. These features have since been added to most
SNOBOL
West Germanic language
pp. 1–56. Romaine, Suzanne (2006). "Language Policy in Multilingual Educational Contexts". Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics. pp. 584–596. doi:10
English_language
Representing a given context-free language in terms of two simpler languages
a given context-free language in terms of two simpler languages. These two simpler languages, namely a regular language and a Dyck language, are combined
Chomsky–Schützenberger representation theorem
Chomsky–Schützenberger_representation_theorem
Classes declared inside another class
functionality. In Java there are four types of nested class: Static Static member class, also called static nested classes – They are declared static. Like
Inner_class
Grammar model in linguistics
constrained by context of its training dataset. PCFGs originated from grammar theory and have applications ranging from natural language processing to
Probabilistic context-free grammar
Probabilistic_context-free_grammar
Data structure used in computer programs
subroutine context Some programming languages (e.g., Pascal and Ada) support declaration of nested subroutines, which are allowed to access the context of their
Call_stack
Stylesheet language
support logical nesting, but the code blocks themselves are not nested. Sass allows the nested code to be inserted within each other. More complicated types
Sass_(style_sheet_language)
Technique for modelling software architecture
elements. Instead, the C4 model recommends using simple diagrams based on nested boxes in order to facilitate interactive collaborative drawing. The technique
C4_model
Literary device
second story. Multiple layers of stories within stories are sometimes called nested stories. A play may include a brief play within it, as in Shakespeare's
Story_within_a_story
Large language model developed by Google
Gemini is a family of multimodal large language models (LLMs) developed by Google DeepMind, and the successor to LaMDA and PaLM 2. Comprising Gemini Pro
Gemini_(language_model)
Type of automaton
Stack automata can recognize a strictly larger set of languages than pushdown automata. A nested stack automaton allows full access, and also allows stacked
Pushdown_automaton
Data structure representing a finite set of strings
information relating to each path, e.g. a word's frequency in the English language. However, if for each node we store the number of unique paths through
Deterministic acyclic finite state automaton
Deterministic_acyclic_finite_state_automaton
cannot be instantiated without an explicit object context. A consequence of this is that BETA supports nested classes. Classes can be virtually defined, much
BETA_(programming_language)
Principle of interchangeability of data and code
semantics only in the context of a given compiler or interpreter. The notion is often used in the context of Lisp-like languages that use S-expressions
Code_as_data
Data serialization format
like-named notation for nested list (tree-structured) data. S-expressions were invented for, and popularized by, the programming language Lisp, which uses them
S-expression
System of elements that are subordinated to each other
maps. An example of visually representing hierarchy is through nested clusters. Nested clusters represent hierarchical relationships using layers of information
Hierarchy
How software progresses through its implementation
In a language that does not include the then keyword, this can be called an if-else statement. Nested Conditional statements are often nested inside
Control_flow
General-purpose programming language
function's return value may be ignored, and while a function cannot normally be nested inside another function, some translators support this. C supports recursion
C_(programming_language)
rather defined on DVB and ATSC standards. NCL, Nested Context Language, is a XML application language recommendation that allows authors to write interactive
ABNT_NBR_15606
American computer scientist
the context-free languages and are properly contained in the family of quasirealtime languages. In addition, WRB is closed under nested iterate ... "An
Sheila_Greibach
Technique for creating lexically scoped first class functions
that in the first case we used a nested function with a name, g, while in the second case we used an anonymous nested function (using the Python keyword
Closure (computer programming)
Closure_(computer_programming)
Family of large language models by Google
SigLIP vision encoder. Every model has a context length of 128K, with the exception of Gemma 3 1B, which has a context length of 32K. Quantized versions fine-tuned
Gemma_(language_model)
Series of language models developed by Google AI
representations of tokens in their context, similar to ELMo and GPT-2. It found applications for many natural language processing tasks, such as coreference
BERT_(language_model)
String rewriting system
presented by a semi-Thue system, possibly over an infinite alphabet. In this context, the set Σ is called the set of generators of ℳ, and R is called the set
Semi-Thue_system
Language family of northern Eurasia
The Uralic languages (/jʊəˈrælɪk/ yoor-AL-ik), sometimes called the Uralian languages (/jʊəˈreɪliən/ yoor-AY-lee-ən), are a language family native to
Uralic_languages
Russian nested wooden toy
has, in turn, another figure inside of it, and so on. The first Russian nested doll set was made during the 1890s by woodturning craftsman and wood carver
Matryoshka_doll
Language family native to Eurasia
defined by shared innovations form a nested pattern. The tree model is not appropriate in cases where languages remain in contact as they diversify; in
Indo-European_languages
State machines and generalizations in UML
states. A nested state is called a direct substate when it is not contained by any other state; otherwise, it is referred to as a transitively nested substate
UML_state_machine
Local variable in computer programming
The concept of automatic variables in recursive (and nested) functions in a lexically scoped language was introduced to the wider audience with ALGOL in
Automatic_variable
Markup language for documents
However, the SGML concept of generalized markup is based on elements (nested annotated ranges with attributes) rather than merely print effects, with
HTML
Type of grammar for describing formal languages
exist context-free languages that cannot be recognized by a PEG, but this is not yet proven. PEGs are well suited to parsing computer languages (and artificial
Parsing_expression_grammar
General-purpose programming language
compilers may extend the C programming language without making a corresponding extension to C++. For example, the nested functions extension in GCC is supported
C++
In mathematics, a local language is a formal language for which membership of a word in the language can be determined by looking at the first and last
Local language (formal language)
Local_language_(formal_language)
Functional programming and query language for XML
differ from lists in languages like Lisp and Prolog by excluding nested sequences. Designers of XQuery may have considered nested sequences unnecessary
XQuery
Esoteric, minimalist programming language
Loops [ … ] can be nested arbitrarily and all brackets must be properly matched, making the set of valid programs a context-free language. Many practical
Brainfuck
System manufacturing custom software
which it integrates its subassembly. In nested subassemblies the lower levels are progressively more context-free because they integrate less information
Frame technology (software engineering)
Frame_technology_(software_engineering)
Programming language with hardware abstraction
ALGOL family, especially ALGOL 60, influenced later language design through block structure, nested procedures, recursion, lexical scoping, a distinction
High-level programming language
High-level_programming_language
Expression language for XML documents
last step in an XPath. They can also be nested to any depth. Paths specified in predicates begin at the context of the current step (i.e. that of the immediately
XPath
Multilingual neural machine translation service
providing context, or using expressions such as "you all" may or may not make a better one-step translation depending on the target language. The following
Google_Translate
General-purpose programming language
"Safer at any speed: automatic context-aware safety enhancement for Rust". Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 5 (OOPSLA). Section 2. doi:10
Rust_(programming_language)
Turkic language
(2001). This more complex example from Orhan Pamuk's Kar (Snow) contains a nested structure: [which he knew [were approaching]]. Maureen Freely's more succinct
Turkish_language
Topics referred to by the same term
matrix In computer science, a programming language has block structure if it features blocks, which can be nested to any depth In linguistics, block structure
Block_structure
as long as nested block comments/raw strings use a different number of equals signs than their enclosing comment: --[[comment --[=[ nested comment ]=]
Comparison of programming languages (syntax)
Comparison_of_programming_languages_(syntax)
Programming language with English-like syntax
added, such as: Scope terminators (END-IF, END-PERFORM, END-READ, etc.) Nested subprograms CONTINUE, a no-operation statement EVALUATE, a switch statement
COBOL
West Germanic language
Northern Variant), could refer to the Dutch language itself, as well as a broader Germanic category depending on context. During the High Middle Ages "Dietsc/Duutsc"
Dutch_language
Austroasiatic language
Austroasiatic language spoken natively by the Khmer people and is an official language and national language of Cambodia. The language is also widely
Khmer_language
computational model for parsing languages generated by tree-adjoining grammars (TAGs). It is similar to the context-free grammar-parsing pushdown automaton
Embedded_pushdown_automaton
Family of programming languages
also the first language implementing nested function definitions with lexical scope. Moreover, it was the first programming language to give detailed
ALGOL
West Slavic language
to mid-19th century, the modern written standard became codified in the context of the Czech National Revival. The most widely spoken non-standard variety
Czech_language
Type of formal grammar
equivalent in expressive power to context-sensitive grammars and define the same class of languages (the context-sensitive languages) in the Chomsky hierarchy
Noncontracting_grammar
Programming language
^Car("Door") could have a nested variable subscript of "Color" for example. Thus, you could say SET ^Car("Door","Color")="BLUE" to modify a nested child node of ^Car
MUMPS
formal languages, the interchange lemma states a necessary condition for a language to be context-free, just like the pumping lemma for context-free languages
Interchange_lemma
Kuroda normal form is noncontracting, and therefore, generates a context-sensitive language. Conversely, every noncontracting grammar that does not generate
Kuroda_normal_form
Punctuation mark
directionality of the context. In casual writing and in some technical fields, such as computing and linguistic analysis, of grammar, brackets nest, with segments
Bracket
Southern Athabaskan language
configurational language, in which word order is not fixed by syntactic rules, but determined by pragmatic factors in the communicative context. In Navajo
Navajo_language
Relationship between language and human evolution
explain language independently of this wider context have failed, say these scientists, because they are addressing a problem with no solution. Language would
Origin_of_language
Muran language
reported to be used as a phone in only this language. An extremely limited clause structure, not allowing for nested recursive sentences like "Mary said that
Pirahã_language
Testing framework for the Ruby programming language
argument is optional whose datatype would be String. The example groups can be nested as well. An example of using the describe method is as follows: describe
RSpec
Programming language implementation problem
programming language implementations so as to use stack-based memory allocation of the functions. The difficulty only arises if the body of a nested function
Funarg_problem
Polynesian language spoken in Hawaii
and private". While it did not ban or make illegal the Hawaiian language in other contexts, its implementation in the schools had far-reaching effects. Those
Hawaiian_language
Computer programming language
Types may also be represent as literal values: Array: { "String", 1, { "Nested Array" }, .T., FunctionCall(), @FunctionPointer() } CodeBlock: { |Arg1,
Harbour (programming language)
Harbour_(programming_language)
Data serialization format
single netstring, gives the following: 17:5:hello,6:world!,, Parsing such a nested netstring is an example of duck typing, since the contained string ("5:hello
Netstring
Line of voice-enabled smart speakers and displays by Google
Google Nest, formerly known as Google Home, is a line of smart speakers developed by Google under the Google Nest brand. The devices enable users to speak
Google_Nest_(smart_speakers)
Functional programming language for arrays
the APL language that contained as its primary enhancement the concept of nested arrays, where an array can contain other arrays, and new language features
APL_(programming_language)
Finite ordered list of elements
F := {(1,a1),…,(n,an)}. Another way of modeling tuples in set theory is as nested ordered pairs. This approach assumes that the notion of ordered pair has
Tuple
Lisp dialect
domain-specific and general-purpose languages. Racket's extensibility features are built into the module system to allow context-sensitive and module-level control
Racket_(programming_language)
Markup language and file format
XML-based languages be given media types ending in +xml, for example, image/svg+xml for SVG. Further guidelines for the use of XML in a networked context appear
XML
travel, tourism, insurance
NESTED CONTEXT-LANGUAGE
NESTED CONTEXT-LANGUAGE
NESTED CONTEXT-LANGUAGE
NESTED CONTEXT-LANGUAGE
NESTED CONTEXT-LANGUAGE
NESTED CONTEXT-LANGUAGE
NESTED CONTEXT-LANGUAGE
NESTED CONTEXT-LANGUAGE
NESTED CONTEXT-LANGUAGE
travel, tourism, insurance