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Non-consequential reasoning refers to a phenomenon in which one’s judgment or evaluation is not based on the actual or expected outcomes (consequences)
Non-consequential_reasoning
Ethical theory based on consequences
maximizing well-being Welfarism – Theory of value based on well-being Non-consequential reasoning "Teleological Ethics." Encyclopedia of Philosophy. via Encyclopedia
Consequentialism
Study in psychology that overlaps with moral philosophy
same moral reasoning applies. A similar type of reasoning is used in common law when arguing based upon legal precedent. In consequentialism (often distinguished
Moral_reasoning
Study of correct reasoning
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical
Logic
Class of ethical theories
threshold, consequentialism takes over. Theories put forth by Thomas Nagel and Michael S. Moore attempt to reconcile deontology with consequentialism by assigning
Deontology
1739–40 book by David Hume
Human Nature: Being an Attempt to Introduce the Experimental Method of Reasoning into Moral Subjects (1739–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David
A_Treatise_of_Human_Nature
State of being real
in the domain. With this modification, it is possible to apply logical reasoning to fictional objects instead of limiting it to regular objects. In free
Existence
Theory of response to surprise events
history, science, economics, and technology. The non-computability of the probability of consequential rare events using scientific methods (owing to the
Black_swan_theory
Steps in reasoning
Inferences are steps in logical reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences. Inference is traditionally divided into deduction and induction
Inference
Method of reasoning and philosophical argument
Greek dialektikē), also known as the dialectical method, is a method of reasoning and philosophical argument that emphasizes the progression of thought
Dialectic
Philosophical study of morality
moral judgments motivate people. Influential normative theories are consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. According to consequentialists, an
Ethics
Core concept in libertarianism
right conduct, above and beyond mere worldly concerns. Consequentialism: some advocates base the non-aggression principle on rule utilitarianism or rule
Non-aggression_principle
Philosophical dispute in Buddhism
Tsongkhapa, Ocean of Reasoning, pg. 67. Ocean of Reasoning & Tsong Khapa 2006. sfn error: no target: CITEREFOcean_of_ReasoningTsong_Khapa2006 (help)
Prasaṅgika according to Tsongkhapa
Prasaṅgika_according_to_Tsongkhapa
U.S. Supreme Court procedure
However, beginning in February 2016, it has been increasingly used for consequential rulings, especially for requests by the Department of Justice for emergency
Shadow_docket
2009 book by Mark Fisher
economics, and public thought. It is widely regarded as Fisher's most consequential idea. Through his writings and numerous interviews with political bloggers
Capitalist_Realism
Standard, doctrine or system of conduct
prescriptivism is a universalist form of non-cognitivism which claims that morality is derived from reasoning about implied imperatives, and divine command
Morality
2025 book by Amy Coney Barrett
on the law's text and original meaning. Barrett goes on to explain her reasoning in a few notable cases, including the 2022 Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health
Listening_to_the_Law
Argument for the belief in God
consistent with the existence of God and should strive to believe in God. The reasoning for this stance involves the potential outcomes: if God does not exist
Pascal's_wager
Branch of philosophy
consequent of a reasonable ground. Knowledge, however, is apprehended by reasoning from ground to consequent. Therefore, if monism is correct, there would
Philosophy_of_mind
Idea that knowledge comes only/mainly from sensory experience
more reliable method of finding the truth than relying purely on logical reasoning, because humans have cognitive biases and limitations which lead to errors
Empiricism
Interdisciplinary theory
attribution and categories) and performance on various cognitive tasks (reasoning or judgment). The embodied mind thesis challenges other theories, such
Embodied_cognition
List of significant US Supreme Court shadow docket decisions
significance. However, since 2017, it has been increasingly used for consequential rulings, especially for requests by the Department of Justice for emergency
List of significant shadow docket decisions of the United States Supreme Court
List_of_significant_shadow_docket_decisions_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court
Indian Buddhist philosopher (c.500–c.578)
Bhavya sees reasoning about spiritual and philosophical matters as an key preliminary step which prepares the mind to develop a pure and non-conceptual
Bhāviveka
Conformance of AI to intended objectives
useful to pursue. When a misaligned AI system is deployed, it can have consequential side effects. Social media platforms have been known to optimize their
AI_alignment
1980 book by John Finnis
Law. An illustration of this (by no means exhaustive) follows below. Consequentialism (and utilitarianism). Finnis argues that consequentialist arguments
Natural Law and Natural Rights
Natural_Law_and_Natural_Rights
Buddhist philosopher
criteria grounded in objects facts of the world, relying instead on consequential reasoning that reveals logical contradictions and absurd consequences entailed
Chandrakirti
Philosophical position
second" (Chandogya 6.2.1) through independent philosophical reasoning. Instead, he accepts non-duality based on the authority of the Upaniṣads. As such,
Idealism
Emergence, change, and understanding of morality from infancy through adulthood
behaviour. Cognitive aspect: these theories focus on moral judgment and moral reasoning. Integrated perspectives: several theorists have also attempted to propose
Moral_development
Study of general and fundamental questions
principles and what constitutes right conduct. Logic is the study of correct reasoning and explores how good arguments can be distinguished from bad ones. Metaphysics
Philosophy
Doctrinal distinction within Tibetan Buddhism
the emphasis is not on "dialectical preferences," (consequential reasoning versus syllogistic reasoning), but on the distinction between the "approximate
Svatantrika–Prasaṅgika distinction
Svatantrika–Prasaṅgika_distinction
Philosophical study of knowledge
associated with knowledge representation and automatic reasoning. Logic is the study of correct reasoning. For epistemology, it is relevant to inferential knowledge
Epistemology
Type of cooperative argumentative dialogue
partner is pressed to come to a conclusion on their own, or else their reasoning breaks down and they are forced to admit ignorance. The method is also
Socratic_method
Quality of being agreeable to reason
an ability, as in a rational animal, to a psychological process, like reasoning, to mental states, such as beliefs and intentions, or to persons who possess
Rationality
German philosopher (born 1954)
Alonzo Church and Kurt Gödel from the 1930s regarding non-computability showing that reasoning cannot be exclusively algorithmic. As a naturalist position
Julian_Nida-Rümelin
Standard example in game theory
cooperation was "surprisingly high" for amounts of money that would be consequential in the real world but were comparatively low in the context of the game
Prisoner's_dilemma
Practical application of moral considerations
approach attempting to overcome the divide between consequentialism and deontology is case-based reasoning, also known as casuistry. Casuistry does not begin
Applied_ethics
Theory of human moral judgment
beings possess two distinct cognitive subsystems that compete in moral reasoning processes: one fast, intuitive and emotionally-driven, the other slow
Dual process theory (moral psychology)
Dual_process_theory_(moral_psychology)
Type of investigation
and induction are classed as non-demonstrative forms of reasoning. Strictly speaking, the latter two modes of reasoning are not properly called inferences
Inquiry
traditions. A priori and a posteriori A series and B series Abductive reasoning Ability Absolute Absolute time and space Abstract and concrete Adiaphora
List of philosophical concepts
List_of_philosophical_concepts
Conscious event, perception or practical knowledge
concept formation, problem solving, judgment and decision making, and reasoning. In concept formation, the features common to the examples of a certain
Experience
Hypothetical situation
says morality is determined solely by an action's consequences (See Consequentialism). John Searle imagines a man in a locked room who receives written
Thought_experiment
Aspect of philosophy
Modern examples include humanism, freethinking, and most versions of consequentialism. Additional philosophies with ancient roots include those such as skepticism
Secular_morality
Ethical theory based on maximizing well-being
consequentialism, which states that the consequences of any action are the only standard of right and wrong. Unlike other forms of consequentialism,
Utilitarianism
Philosophical concept
general, holding that reality exists independent of the mind, as opposed to non-realist views (like some forms of skepticism and solipsism) which question
Philosophical_realism
is a glossary of logic. Logic is the study of the principles of valid reasoning and argumentation. Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T
Glossary_of_logic
Legal power to do or receive something, and to allow/deny others the right to the same
consistently justified through instrumentalism or consequentialism, as exemplified by the reasoning inferred in Article One of the United States Constitution
Exclusive_right
Mathematical logic concept
(→) propositions, with each proposition including an antecedent and consequential term. As a matter of logical inference, to transpose or convert the
Contraposition
American experimental psychologist, neuroscientist, and moral philosopher
ethics between deontology (rights- or duty-based moral theories) and consequentialism (outcome-based theories) reflects the competing influences of these
Joshua_Greene_(psychologist)
Chinese xianxia web novel by Gu Zhen Ren
story's warmest relationships, and his fate is among the novel's most consequential losses. Ying Wu Xie (影无邪) is an artificial dream-path extreme physique
Reverend_Insanity
2011–2017 book by Derek Parfit
approaches in moral and political philosophy: Kantian deontology, consequentialism, and contractualism (of the sort advocated by T. M. Scanlon, and from
On_What_Matters
Philosophical argument against vegetarianism
(17 December 2020), "Consequentialism and Nonhuman Animals", in Portmore, Douglas W. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Consequentialism, Oxford University Press
Replaceability_argument
Developmental psychology term
themselves. According to Elkind, adolescent egocentrism results in two consequential mental constructions, namely imaginary audience and personal fable.
Adolescent_egocentrism
Epistemological theory
was solved correctly. Identifying the alternatives as either circular reasoning or infinite regress, and thus exhibiting the regress problem, Aristotle
Foundationalism
Teachers of 5th century BC Greece
negative reputation as arbitrary, inauthentic, or deceptive styles of reasoning, beginning with the notable philosophers of Classical Athens who criticized
Sophist
1949 legal essay by Lon L. Fuller
The article offers five possible court responses. Each differs in its reasoning and on whether the survivors should be found guilty of breaching the law
The Case of the Speluncean Explorers
The_Case_of_the_Speluncean_Explorers
Ancient school of philosophy
Hellenistic and Roman Imperial periods. According to Cynicism, people are reasoning animals, and the purpose of life and the way to gain happiness is to achieve
Cynicism_(philosophy)
American author (born 1974)
reasoning about the "fruit" of LGBT+ prohibitions (Matthew 7:15-20; Galatians 5:19-26; James 3:17), which critics have described as consequentialism;
Jen_Hatmaker
Liturgical Press. ISBN 0-8146-5880-6, 978-0-8146-5880-2. p. 10. "Actore non probante reus absolvitur", Ballantine's Law Dictionary (1916) – via openjurist
List_of_Latin_phrases_(full)
How one process influences another
matter of constant conjunctions of events"; "the functional/teleological/consequential concept", which is "goal-directed, so that goals are causes"; and the
Causality
1921 division of Ireland into two jurisdictions
Ireland Act 1998 as a result of the Agreement. The Irish Free State (Consequential Provisions) Act 1922 had already amended the 1920 Act so that it would
Partition_of_Ireland
2026 U.S. Supreme Court case
Voting Rights Act "is —or, now more accurately, was— 'one of the most consequential, efficacious, and amply justified exercises of federal legislative power
Louisiana_v._Callais
Conservative political initiative in the United States
Yang, John; Zahn, Harry (March 24, 2024). "Why 2024 may be the most consequential election for reproductive rights in 50 years". PBS NewsHour. Archived
Project_2025
Epistemological view centered on reason
aspect's antitheism was later softened by the adoption of pluralistic reasoning methods practicable regardless of religious or irreligious ideology. In
Rationalism
Concept in epistemology
Epistemology Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Epistemic Consequentialism Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Coherentism in Epistemology
Justification_(epistemology)
Philosophical idea that only one's own mind is certain to exist
the philosophical position that truth is best discovered by the use of reasoning and logic rather than by the use of the senses (see Plato's theory of
Solipsism
Educational model of human intelligence
individual who is readily able to recognize flora and fauna, to make other consequential distinctions in the natural world, and to use this ability productively
Theory of multiple intelligences
Theory_of_multiple_intelligences
Personality trait of being orderly and following the rules
J.; Benet-Martínez, V. (2006). "Personality and the prediction of consequential outcomes". Annual Review of Psychology. 57: 401–421. doi:10.1146/annurev
Conscientiousness
Philosophical school of thought
theist executed for atheism, who investigated the nature of morality by reasoning. Aristotle (384–322 BCE) taught rationalism and a system of ethics based
Humanism
Scottish philosopher, historian, economist and essayist (1711–1776)
his experimental method from Francis Bacon. Hume argued that inductive reasoning and belief in causality cannot be justified empirically; instead, they
David_Hume
American educator and scholar
speak in the courts? Citations, intertexts, expert witnesses, consequential facts and reasoning. Law and Contemporary Problems, 72(1), 91-120. Bazerman
Charles_Bazerman
Medieval school of philosophy
Christianity. The Scholastics, also known as Schoolmen, used dialectical reasoning predicated upon Aristotelianism and the Ten Categories. Scholasticism
Scholasticism
Chinese Taoist text
cartwheels. A master of language, Zhuang Zhou sometimes engages in logic and reasoning, but then turns it upside down or carries the arguments to absurdity to
Zhuangzi_(book)
American researcher, ethicist, and essayist
(October 8, 2020), "Consequentialism and Nonhuman Animals", in Portmore, Douglas W. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Consequentialism, Oxford University Press
Brian_Tomasik
Income Tax, 2006, p. 305 Walsh, Kenneth T. (September 10, 2008) The Most Consequential Elections in History: Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the Election of
Causes of the Great Depression
Causes_of_the_Great_Depression
Buddhist philosophical tradition
spread of Buddhism throughout Asia. Buddhism combines both philosophical reasoning and the practice of meditation. The Buddhist religion presents a multitude
Buddhist_philosophy
Branch of philosophy
science can infer truth about unobservable entities and whether inductive reasoning can be justified as yielding definite scientific knowledge. Philosophers
Philosophy_of_science
Ancient philosophy
logic, physics, and ethics. Stoic logic focuses on highly intentional reasoning through propositions, arguments, and the differentiation between truth
Stoicism
Individuals' control of their identity for commercial uses
United States: a more consequential or utilitarian based theory approach and a more moral-based deontological approach. The consequential or utilitarian approach
Personality_rights
Rejection of certain ideas about reality
moral beliefs are deeply ingrained in practical experience and everyday reasoning, making the wholesale denial of moral facts implausible. A similar objection
Nihilism
German polymath (1646–1716)
hyperreal numbers. The resulting non-standard analysis can be seen as a belated vindication of Leibniz's mathematical reasoning. Robinson's transfer principle
Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz
maintain that abstract objects are relevant to mathematical reasoning in a way that is non-causal, and not analogous to perception. This argument is developed
Philosophy_of_mathematics
Discredited statistical finding in positive psychology
positivity ratio may well be a magic number in human psychology." The first consequential re-evaluation of the mathematical modeling behind the critical positivity
Critical_positivity_ratio
Short-lived government of Nazi Germany
latest, which was that Germany did not possess a native government. Consequentially, complete authority and sovereignty were thereafter assumed by the
Flensburg_Government
Type of applied ethics approach
facie principles lie at the core of moral reasoning in health care: respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. In the opinion of
Principlism
Canadian politician (born 1979)
this position was seen by the media as one of the most difficult and consequential in the cabinet. After the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the Senate
Pierre_Poilievre
German jurist and political philosopher (1888–1985)
are secularized theological concepts has also recently been seen as consequential for those interested in contemporary political theology. The philosopher
Carl_Schmitt
Text adventure game generated by artificial intelligence
AI RPG benchmark. The review praised its character consistency and consequential combat, while criticizing the narrator's tendency to supply the player
AI_Dungeon
Study of the development of philosophy
impartial caring. Based on this concept, he promoted an early form of consequentialism, arguing that political actions should be evaluated based on how they
History_of_philosophy
Season of American western drama
Although Renaud ultimately kills Kent, Roché believed the action to be consequentialism rather than having second thoughts. Mann said he felt his character
1923_season_2
Philosophical study of being
on which an ontological system is built and expanded using deductive reasoning. A further intuition-based method relies on thought experiments to evoke
Ontology
Philosophical study of nature
that natural philosophy involved reasoning and explanations about nature (and after Galileo, quantitative reasoning), whereas natural history was essentially
Natural_philosophy
Dispersion of Jews around the globe
latter denoted social and political exile, whereas the former, while consequential on the latter, was a psycho-spiritual framework that was not wholly
Jewish_diaspora
Study of the scope and nature of logic
the academic literature. Logic is often seen as the study of correct reasoning, valid inference, or logical consequence. It is a formal science that
Philosophy_of_logic
Relationship between religious views and morals
religious systems share tenets with secular value-frameworks such as consequentialism, freethought, and utilitarianism. Religion and morality are not synonymous
Morality_and_religion
American lawyer and jurist (born 1952)
said the decision not to act upon the Garland nomination was "the most consequential decision I've made in my entire public career". President-elect Joe
Merrick_Garland
Gene editing method
DNA in order to reveal abundance of sgRNAs. Cells of interest can be consequentially infected by the library and then selected according to the phenotype
CRISPR_gene_editing
2025 book by Jeff Sebo
principle to non-human animals, possible artificial intelligences, and future beings affected by human actions. Later chapters apply this reasoning to present
The_Moral_Circle
Philosophical question
have put forward arguments for the existence of God based on inductive reasoning. For example, one class of philosophers asserts that the proofs for the
Existence_of_God
Philosophy emphasizing names and labels
individuals. Goodman, Richard Milton Martin, and Willard Quine all advocated reasoning about collectivities by means of a theory of virtual sets (see especially
Nominalism
1868 amendment addressing citizenship rights and civil and political liberties
as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. Considered one of the most consequential amendments, it addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
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