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Nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides
components of nucleotides, with all of these monomers constituting the basic building blocks of nucleic acids. The ability of nucleobases to form base pairs and
Nucleotide_base
Biological molecules constituting nucleic acids
Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers
Nucleotide
Single nucleotide in genomic DNA at which different sequence alternatives exist
bioinformatics, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP /snɪp/; plural SNPs /snɪps/) is a germline substitution of a single nucleotide at a specific position
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Single-nucleotide_polymorphism
Measurement in DNA sequencing
the Human Genome Project. Phred quality scores are assigned to each nucleotide base call in automated sequencer traces. The FASTQ format encodes phred
Phred_quality_score
Replacement, insertion, or deletion of a single DNA or RNA nucleotide
A point mutation is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a DNA or RNA sequence of an organism's genome
Point_mutation
Chemical compound in DNA and RNA
Adenine (symbol A, or Ade) is a purine nucleotide base that is found in DNA, RNA, and ATP. It is usually a white crystalline subtance. The shape of adenine
Adenine
Aminoallyl nucleotide is a nucleotide with a modified base containing an allylamine. They are used in post-labeling of nucleic acids by fluorescence detection
Aminoallyl_nucleotide
genetic sequences range in size, they can be hundreds to thousands of nucleotide base-pairs long. A transposon contains genetic sequences that encode for
Conservative_transposition
NGO enabling communication about chemistry
important work IUPAC has done in these fields includes standardizing nucleotide base sequence code names; publishing books for environmental scientists
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry
Aspect of applied genetics
single-nucleotide polymorphism is a modification of a single nucleotide base within a DNA sequence. There are an estimated 15 million SNP (Single-nucleotide
Ancestry-informative_marker
Physical or chemical agent that increases the rate of genetic mutation
a chemical addition or disruption of a nucleotide base in DNA (generating an abnormal nucleotide or nucleotide fragment), or a break in one or both strands
Mutagen
Radio message sent into space in 1974
vertical bar in the middle is a binary representation of the number of nucleotide base pairs in the human genome. The value depicted is around 4.3 billion
Arecibo_message
Single-base extension (SBE) is a method for determining the identity of a nucleotide base at a specific position along a nucleic acid. The method is used
Single-base_extension
Type of mutation
(also called an insertion mutation) is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence. This can often happen in microsatellite
Insertion_(genetics)
Phenomenon in which different mutations at the same locus cause the same phenotype
Many of these mutations take the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms in which a single nucleotide base is altered compared to a consensus sequence. They
Allelic_heterogeneity
Lock-and-key pairing between two structures
other strand, as occurs in the processes of mismatch repair, nucleotide excision repair and base excision repair. Nucleic acids strands may also form hybrids
Complementarity (molecular biology)
Complementarity_(molecular_biology)
Very large molecule
(ribose in the case of RNA, deoxyribose in the case of DNA), and a nucleotide base (either adenine, guanine, thymine, uracil, or cytosine, where thymine
Macromolecule
DNA repair process
primarily for removing small, non-helix-distorting base lesions from the genome. The related nucleotide excision repair pathway repairs bulky helix-distorting
Base_excision_repair
Model of molecular evolution
(3) there is no recombination. The term ‘site’ refers to a single nucleotide base pair. Because every new mutation has to occur at a novel site, there
Infinite_sites_model
Human chromosome
are the non-sex chromosomes. Chromosome 1 spans about 249 million nucleotide base pairs, which are the basic units of information for DNA. It represents
Chromosome_1
Cyclic nucleic acid
groups. Like other nucleotides, cyclic nucleotides are composed of three functional groups: a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a single phosphate group. As can
Cyclic_nucleotide
Reaction that cleaves the RNA molecule
makes the reaction base-catalyzed and increases spontaneity of the reaction. When the RNA is double-stranded or involved in nucleotide base pairing, it is
RNA_hydrolysis
Chain-elongating inhibitor of DNA polymerase
the ddGTP, is a pattern observed in various research. That is, each nucleotide base of that particular type has a probability of being bonded to not a
Dideoxynucleotide
Base pairs in molecular genetics
Hoogsteen G-C base pair has two hydrogen bonds, while the Watson-Crick G-C base pair has three). Wobble base pairing occur between two nucleotides that are
Non-canonical_base_pairing
Biochemical process
DNA base flipping, or nucleotide flipping, is a mechanism in which a single nucleotide base, or nucleobase, is rotated outside the nucleic acid double
DNA_base_flipping
Solution used for the colorimetric determination of phenolic compounds
also been shown to be reactive towards thiols, many vitamins, the nucleotide base guanine, the trioses glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone, and some
Folin–Ciocalteu_reagent
RNA base pair that does not follow Watson–Crick base pair rules
wobble base pair is a pairing between two nucleotides in RNA molecules that does not follow Watson–Crick base pair rules. The four main wobble base pairs
Wobble_base_pair
Compound analogous to naturally occurring RNA and DNA
the most common base analogs is 5-bromouracil (5BU), the abnormal base found in the mutagenic nucleotide analog BrdU. When a nucleotide containing 5-bromouracil
Nucleic_acid_analogue
Class of chemical compounds
term nucleoside refers to a nitrogenous base linked to a 5-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose). Nucleotides are nucleosides covalently linked to
Nucleoside_triphosphate
Amount of DNA contained in a genome
frequently in daltons, or as the total number of nucleotide base pairs, usually in megabases (millions of base pairs, abbreviated Mb or Mbp). One picogram
Genome_size
Component of DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide is a nucleotide that contains deoxyribose. They are the monomeric units of the informational biopolymer, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Deoxyribonucleotide
Succession of nucleotides in a nucleic acid
A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases within the nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule. This succession
Nucleic_acid_sequence
Human retrovirus, cause of AIDS
day, coupled with a high mutation rate of approximately 3 × 10−5 per nucleotide base per cycle of replication and recombinogenic properties of reverse transcriptase
HIV
Amino acid that is incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation
would have been excluded by the contingent evolutionary success of nucleotide-based life forms. Other reasons have been offered to explain why certain
Proteinogenic_amino_acid
Hypothetical stage in the early evolutionary history of life on Earth
rate of just 1.1% per nucleotide when synthesizing an 11-nucleotide long RNA strand from primed template strands. This 189-base pair ribozyme could polymerize
RNA_world
Type of genetic engineering
pairs binding site. TALEN can be performed within a 6 base pairs range of any single nucleotide in the entire genome. TALEN constructs are used in a similar
Genome_editing
Life arising from non-living matter
for organism function. UV is necessary for the formation of the U+C nucleotide base pair by partial hydrolysis and nucleobase loss. Simultaneously, UV
Abiogenesis
Species of spider
Thomisids found that the 16S gene was 430 nucleotide base pairs long, H3 gene was 328 base pairs, and COI gene was 557 base pairs. All of these basepair numbers
Thomisus_spectabilis
Online database from the EBI on Nucleotides
The European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) is a repository providing free and unrestricted access to annotated DNA and RNA sequences. It also stores complementary
European_Nucleotide_Archive
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
sheet core. Each subunit includes a nucleotide donor binding site, nucleoside acceptor binding site, nucleotide base sensing loop (240-254 residues), insert
Deoxycytidine_kinase
Class of enzymes
of the repair pathway for single nucleotide base excision repair. This repair mechanism begins when a single nucleotide is recognized by DNA glycosylase
Nucleotidyltransferase
DNA repair mechanism
repair pathways exist to repair single stranded DNA damage: Nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), and DNA mismatch repair (MMR). While
Nucleotide_excision_repair
Enzyme
pyrimidine nucleosides such as thymidine, into their corresponding nucleotide base, by cleavage of the 2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate sugar unit: thymidine
Thymidine_phosphorylase
Nucleotide sugars (also known as sugar nucleotides) are the activated forms of monosaccharides. Nucleotide sugars act as glycosyl donors in glycosylation
Nucleotide_sugar
English physicist and biologist (1916–2004)
on nucleotide base pairing, but he was more of a theoretical biologist than an experimental biologist. There was another near-discovery of the base pairing
Francis_Crick
Genetic mutation not inherited from a parent
parent, or as a postzygotic mutation. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms occur when a single nucleotide base is altered within the DNA sequence. They are
De_novo_mutation
Molecular-scale artificial or biological device
A. D.; Van Engen, D. (1987). "Induced fit in synthetic receptors: nucleotide base recognition by a molecular hinge". Journal of the American Chemical
Molecular_machine
may not have been possible without the biochemical evidence for the nucleotide base-pairing ([A---T]; [C---G]), or Chargaff's rules. Although such initial
Molecular_models_of_DNA
Class of statistical-mechanical model
represented as a one-dimensional lattice, whose elementary units are the nucleotide, base pair or nucleosome. Different states of the unit can be realized either
Lattice_model_(biophysics)
with nitrogenous base, nucleobase, and base pair when referring to the sequences that make up nucleic acids. Compare nucleoside. nucleotide sequence See nucleic
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(M–Z)
Class of enzymes
Its products are the nucleotide base uracil, reduced NADH, and a proton. This enzyme can also utilise the alternative nucleotide base thymine to give dihydrothymine
Dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD+)
Dihydrouracil_dehydrogenase_(NAD+)
Any of several glycosylamines comprising a nucleobase and a sugar molecule
be thought of as nucleotides without a phosphate group. A nucleoside consists simply of a nucleobase (also termed a nitrogenous base) and a five-carbon
Nucleoside
Two nucleobases bound by hydrogen bonds
suited to the storage of genetic information, while base-pairing between DNA and incoming nucleotides provides the mechanism through which DNA polymerase
Base_pair
Process
Nucleotides are the monomers that polymerize to form nucleic acids. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The
Nucleic_acid_metabolism
Process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms
binding an amino acid, tRNA has a three nucleotide unit called an anticodon that base pairs with specific nucleotide triplets on the mRNA called codons; codons
Biosynthesis
Clade comprising all crustaceans and hexapods
from the synonymous codon-family bias affecting the nucleotide one. Most of the inferences based on amino acids sequences support a clade which includes
Pancrustacea
Technique to separate DNA or RNA fragments
weight. Fragment size is usually reported in "nucleotides", "base pairs" or "kb" (for thousands of base pairs) depending upon whether single- or double-stranded
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids
Gel_electrophoresis_of_nucleic_acids
Application of computational algorithms, methods and programs to phylogenetic analyses
every possible change of state for a given nucleotide base. The rate of change between any two distinct nucleotides will be one-third of the overall substitution
Computational_phylogenetics
Japanese cosmetic made from nightingale droppings
guanine" gives uguisu no fun its cosmetic properties, though guanine is a nucleotide base, not an amino acid. Victoria Beckham, who has long suffered with acne
Uguisu_no_fun
1944 microbiology experiment
in the purified DNA came from glycine, a breakdown product of the nucleotide base adenine, and that undetected protein contamination was at most 0.02%
Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment
Avery–MacLeod–McCarty_experiment
DNA sequencing technology
Fluorescent nucleotides bind to complementary nucleotides and are then polymerized to anchor sequences bound to known sequences on the DNA template. The base order
DNA_nanoball_sequencing
Genes and regulatory proteins
strands, the last unpaired nucleotide base of the siRNA is also stabilised by base stacking-interactions between the base and neighbouring tyrosine residues
Piwi
DNA mutation with no observable effect on an organism's phenotype
translates mRNA nucleotide sequences to amino acid sequences. Genetic information is coded using this process with groups of three nucleotides along the mRNA
Silent_mutation
United States national DNA database
STRs are a type of copy-number variation and comprise a sequence of nucleotide base pairs that is repeated over and over again. At each location tested
Combined_DNA_Index_System
German–American biophysicist (1906–1981)
he could stay in Cambridge, play tennis, and discover the rules of nucleotide base pairing in DNA. This is a letter from Watson to Delbrück that describes
Max_Delbrück
Research project to synthesise the human genome
haploid copy of the human genome consists of at least three billion DNA nucleotide base pairs, which have been described in the Human Genome Project - Read
Genome_Project–Write
reflex test To memorise DNA/nucleotide base pairs Tigers Are Great Cats, first letters of the word pairs (T-A, G-C) stand for base pairs. To memorise the types
List_of_mnemonics
Molecule that carries genetic information
and a base linked to a sugar and to one or more phosphate groups is called a nucleotide. A biopolymer comprising multiple linked nucleotides (as in DNA)
DNA
Biological process
or a similar substance. The term often refers to nucleotide salvage in particular, in which nucleotides (purine and pyrimidine) are synthesized from intermediates
Nucleotide_salvage
Human Gene
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange and it has been found to be associated with neurodegenerative disorders. The human RASGEF1C gene is a 108,417-base-pair long
RASGEF1C
Class of large biomolecules essential to all known life
They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomer components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The two main classes
Nucleic_acid
Structure in molecular biology
quadruplex forming sequences: d(G3+N1-7G3+N1-7G3+N1-7G3+), where N is any nucleotide base (including guanine). This rule has been widely used in on-line algorithms
G-quadruplex
DNA or RNA sequence that matches its complement when read backwards
ACCTAGGT is palindromic with its nucleotide-by-nucleotide complement TGGATCCA because reversing the order of the nucleotides in the complement gives the original
Palindromic_sequence
Process of determining the nucleic acid sequence
the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine
DNA_sequencing
Family of large biological molecules
ribosome, which is a ribozyme. Each nucleotide in RNA contains a ribose sugar, with carbons numbered 1' through 5'. A base is attached to the 1' position,
RNA
Science of genes, heredity and variation
coiled into the shape of a double helix. Each nucleotide in DNA preferentially pairs with its partner nucleotide on the opposite strand: A pairs with T, and
Genetics
Measurement of genetic variations
SNP genotyping is the measurement of genetic variations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between members of a species. It is a form of genotyping
SNP_genotyping
RNA that facilitates the addition of amino acids to a new protein
of tRNA, which docks to it along a three-nucleotide anticodon, and together they form three complementary base pairs. On the other end of the tRNA is a
Transfer_RNA
Subfamily of eosinophil chemotactic proteins
has 65% of the same amino acids. As for the nucleotide base pairs, eotaxin shares 71% of its nucleotide sequence with MPC-3. Both Human MPC-3 and eotaxin
Eotaxin
Hypothetical stage of early life
catalysis machines with proteins. In this view, ribonucleoproteins and nucleotide-based cofactors are remnants of an intermediary era, the RNP world. First
RNP_world
American geneticist and biophysicist (born 1979)
developed a method for DNA sequencing based on the observation that, when the concentration of a given nucleotide base is limiting, RNA polymerase pauses
William Greenleaf (American scientist)
William_Greenleaf_(American_scientist)
Chemical compound in nucleic acids
Cytosine (symbol C or Cyt) is one of the four nucleotide bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). It is a
Cytosine
Replication of DNA
occur artificially (in vitro) or naturally (in vivo). Nucleotide units are made up of a nitrogenous base (cytosine, guanine, adenine or thymine), pentose sugar
DNA_synthesis
Method of DNA sequencing
of nucleotides in DNA) method based on the "sequencing by synthesis" principle, in which the sequencing is performed by detecting the nucleotide incorporated
Pyrosequencing
Sequence of DNA that determines traits in an organism
gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce RNA. There are two types of molecular
Gene
Collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface
hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs. A high number of complementary base pairs in a nucleotide sequence means tighter non-covalent
DNA_microarray
Cellular mechanism
or nucleotides are most commonly repaired by removing the base or the nucleotide involved and then inserting the correct base or nucleotide. In base excision
DNA_repair
RNA family
catalytically active consists of three base-paired stems flanking a central core of 15 conserved (mostly invariant) nucleotides, as shown. The conserved central
Hammerhead_ribozyme
A bridged nucleic acid (BNA) is a class of modified RNA nucleotides. They are sometimes also referred to as constrained or inaccessible RNA molecules
Bridged_nucleic_acid
DNA is estimated to have one wrong nucleotide incorporated once every 108 to 1010 nucleotides polymerized. A base substitution error, otherwise known
Fidelity_(molecular_biology)
Species of virus
that promotes same-strand base pairing. CaCV exhibits this behavior in the form of stem-loop structures. G-C nucleotide base pairing makes up a little
Canine_circovirus
DNA mutation that exchanges two nucleotides
to a point mutation that changes a purine nucleotide to another purine (A ↔ G) or a pyrimidine nucleotide to another pyrimidine (C ↔ T). Transitions
Transition_(genetics)
Mutation acquired during an organism's lifespan
Tautomerization – The hydrogen atom on a nucleotide base is repositioned causing altered hydrogen bonding pattern and incorrect base pairing during replication. For
Postzygotic_mutation
Over- or under-abundance of guanine and cytosine in a particular region of DNA or RNA
GC skew is when the nucleotides guanine and cytosine are over- or under-abundant in a particular region of DNA or RNA. GC skew is also a statistical method
GC_skew
Species of shrub
is 11 different studies published in the NCBI database that examine nucleotide base pairs of S. acerifolium ranging from 390pb to 2030bp of linear DNA
Solanum_acerifolium
Model of changes in a sequence over evolutionary time
the model must be time reversible and must approach the equilibrium nucleotide (base) frequencies at long times, each rate below the diagonal equals the
Substitution_model
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
104 kilodalton in size, which is transcribed from a sequence of 2794 nucleotide base-pairs on the X-chromosome. The USP26 enzyme is a deubiquitinating enzyme
USP26
Messenger RNA with at least one mutated codon
mRNA arises from a missense mutation, in the event of which a DNA nucleotide base pair in the coding region of a gene is changed such that it results
Missense_mRNA
Chemical compound
forms a complex with DNA by intercalation of its planar rings between nucleotide base pairs. (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company LLC, 1999) This inhibits replication
Epirubicin
Class of enzymes
to fix an error in the sequence, DNA Pol II catalyzes the repair of nucleotide base pairs. In vitro studies have shown that Pol II occasionally interacts
DNA_polymerase_II
NUCLEOTIDE BASE
NUCLEOTIDE BASE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a Middle English personal name Lyfing, Old English Lēofing, based on lēof ‘dear’.Swedish : apparently an ornamental name formed from the place-name element lov-, meaning unknown, + the suffix -ing (see Arning).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of three places in Essex – Layer Breton, Layer de la Haye, and Layer Marney – all named from a river name, Leire, or from Leire in Leicestershire, also named from an identical river name. The river name is of Celtic origin and is probably the base of the tribal name Ligore, found in the place name Leicester.English : nickname or status name from Anglo-Norman French le eyr ‘the heir’. Compare Ayer.English : occupational name for a stone layer, Middle English leyer; the job of the layer was to position the stones worked by the masons.German : habitational name for someone from any of the various placed named Lay, in the Rhineland and Bavaria.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Gadd.Danish : from a medieval nickname Gad meaning ‘sting’, ‘point’, or from the Biblical male personal name Gad.Muslim : from a personal name based on Arabic jÄd ‘serious’, ‘earnest’.
Surname or Lastname
Catalan
Catalan : variant of Ferran.Irish : variant of Farren.English : variant of Farrand.Muslim : variant of Farhan, from a personal name based on Arabic farÌ£hÄn ‘glad’, ‘happy’, an adjectival derivative of faraÌ£h ‘joy’ (see Farah).
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from a Germanic personal name composed of
the elements haim, heim ‘home’ + rīc ‘power’,
‘ruler’, introduced to England by the Normans in the form
Henri. During the Middle Ages this name became enormously
popular in England and was borne by eight kings. Continental forms of
the personal name were equally popular throughout Europe (German
Heinrich, French Henri, Italian Enrico and
Arrigo, Czech Jindřich, etc.). As an American family
name, the English form Henry has absorbed patronymics and many
other derivatives of this ancient name in continental European
languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.) In the period in
which the majority of English surnames were formed, a common English
vernacular form of the name was Harry, hence the surnames
Harris (southern) and Harrison (northern). Official
documents of the period normally used the Latinized form
Henricus. In medieval times, English Henry absorbed an
originally distinct Old English personal name that had hagan
‘hawthorn’. Compare Hain 2 as its first element, and there has
also been confusion with Amery.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hInnéirghe ‘descendant of
Innéirghe’, a byname based on éirghe
‘arising’.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac ÉinrÃ
or Mac Einri, patronymics from the personal names
ÉinrÃ, Einri, Irish forms of Henry. It is
also found as a variant of McEnery.Jewish (American) : Americanized form of various like-sounding Ashkenazic Jewish names.A bearer of the name from the Touraine region of France is
documented in Quebec city in 1667. Another (also called
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in Devon so named, from Old English gafol ‘tax’, ‘toll’ + ford ‘ford’. The surname is now not found in England.Possibly an Americanized spelling of German Galfert, from a Germanic personal name based on Old High German galan ‘to sing’, or of Gelfort, Gelfert, or Gelfart(h), from a Germanic personal name composed with Middle High German gelfen ‘to cry’, ‘to boast’ or gelf ‘scorn’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : according to Reaney this is a nickname from an unattested Old English word cybbe meaning ‘clumsy’ or ‘thickset’. Reaney’s speculation is apparently based on taking the Middle English word kibble ‘cudgel’ as a diminutive of an unattested Old English word. Corresponding personal names have been postulated for the place names Kibworth (‘enclosure of a man called Cybba’) and Kibblesworth (‘enclosure of a man called Cybbel’); so, in theory, the surname could be a reflex of these Old English personal names.North German : nickname for a cantankerous person, from Middle Low German, Middle High German kiven ‘to quarrel’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Ayer.English : topographic name for someone who lived by an enclosure, Middle English hay (see Hay 1) + the suffix -er(e) denoting an inhabitant.French : occupational name for a warder of woodland, from an agent derivative of Old French haye ‘hedge’, ‘enclosed forest’.South German : from an agent derivative of Middle High German heien ‘to guard or protect’, hence an occupational name for a warden of woodland or crops.Indian (Panjab) : Sikh name based on the name of a Jat clan, also called Her.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from a medieval personal name of which the original form was Latin Aegidius (from Greek aigidion ‘kid’, ‘young goat’). This was the name of a 7th-century Provençal hermit, whose cult popularized the name in a variety of more or less mutilated forms: Gidi and Gidy in southern France, Gil(l)i in the area of the Alpes-Maritimes, and Gil(l)e elsewhere. This last form was taken over to England by the Normans, but by the 12th century it was being confused with the Germanic names Gisel, a short form of Gilbert, and Gilo, which is from Gail (as in Gaillard).Irish : adopted as an Anglicized equivalent of Gaelic Ó Glaisne, a County Louth name, based on glas ‘green’, ‘blue’, ‘gray’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Leving, Old English Lēofing, based on lēof ‘dear’. Compare Loving.Latvian (Leviņš) : Latvianized form of Jewish Levin.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a Middle English personal name, Kymme, which Reaney regards as a pet form of the Old English female personal name Cyneburh (see Kimbrough).Reduced form of Scottish McKim.German : probably a metonymic occupational name for a cooper, from Middle High German kimme, a term denoting the notch in the staves of a barrel where the base is seated; by extension it also has the meaning ‘edge’, ‘horizon’ and in this sense may also have given rise to a topographic name.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from an Old Norse personal name, Farmaðr, denoting a seafarer or traveling merchant.English : occupational name for a peddler or itinerant merchant, Middle English far(e)man, from an Old Norse word meaning ‘traveling man’ (see 1).Muslim : from the Arabic personal name based on faraman ‘command’, ‘order’, ‘decree’. It is also found in compound names such as Faraman-ullah ‘order of Allah’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Kene, a short form of the Old English personal name Cēn or Cyne, based on Old English cēne ‘wise’, ‘brave’, ‘proud’.Americanized spelling of German Kühn (see Kuehn).Robert Keayne (d. 1655) was one of the founders of Boston MA, and is buried in the King’s Chapel Burying Ground there.
Surname or Lastname
Indian (Kashmir)
Indian (Kashmir) : Hindu (Brahman) name, probably from an ancestral personal name Madan (from Sanskrit madana ‘god of love, or infatuation’).Indian (Panjab) : Hindu (Arora) and Sikh name based on the name of an Arora clan, probably from Persian maidÄn ‘field’. The name from the Panjab is pronounced mÉ™dÄn.English : habitational name from Mathon in Herefordshire, or Mattins Farm, Radwinter, in Essex, or Martinfield Green, Saffron Walden, in Essex. The first of these is named with Old English mÄthm ‘treasure’, ‘gift’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin. It may be a nickname for a beggar, from an agent derivative of maund ‘beg’ (probably from Old French mendier, Late Latin mendicare); this word is not attested before the 16th century, but may well have been in use earlier. Alternatively it may be an occupational name for a maker of baskets, from an agent derivative of Middle English maund ‘basket’ (Old French mande, of Germanic origin); or perhaps for someone in some position of authority, from a shortened form of Middle English coma(u)nder (from coma(u)nden ‘to command’).German : habitational name from places called Mandern, in Hesse and the Rhineland.Belgian (van der Mander) : habitational name from a place called Ter Mandere or Mandel, in West Flanders, derived from the river name Mandel.Indian (Panjab) : Sikh (Dogar, Jat) name of unknown meaning, based on the names of clans in these communities.
Surname or Lastname
German
German : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements liut ‘people’, ‘tribe’ + heri, hari ‘army’.English : nickname from Middle English luther(e), lither(e) ‘bad’, ‘wicked’, ‘base’ (from Old English l̄ðre).
Surname or Lastname
English (Lancashire)
English (Lancashire) : habitational name from a place near Warrington, which is of uncertain etymology. There was formerly an ancient burial mound there and Ekwall has speculated that the name is a shortened form of a British name composed of the elements crÅ«c ‘mound’ + a personal name cognate with Welsh Einion (see Eynon).Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac CoinÃn ‘son of CoinÃn’, a byname based on a diminutive of cano ‘wolf’, also Anglicized as Cunneen. The similarity to coinÃn ‘rabbit’, a later borrowing, has also caused it to be ‘translated’ as rabbit.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of Jack.South German and Swiss German (Jäcklin) : from a pet form of Jack, a South German name based on Jacob. Compare Jackley.
Female
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Bosmath, BASEMATH means "spice" or "sweet smelling."Â
Surname or Lastname
Irish
Irish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Caollaidhe ‘descendant of Caollaidhe’, a personal name based on caol ‘slender’, ‘graceful’.English : variant of Keighley.Americanized spelling of German Kühle, variant of Kühl (see Kuhl) or of Kühling (see Keeling).
NUCLEOTIDE BASE
NUCLEOTIDE BASE
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Lyndon, LINDON means "lime tree hill."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Resplendent, The venus planet, Friday, Bright
Girl/Female
Hindu
Nobleminded
Boy/Male
Indian
Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
Hindu
Having Joy
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English
Son of the Gray-haired Man
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a seaman, from Middle English galy(e) ‘ship’, ‘barge’ (Old French galie, of uncertain origin).English : nickname for someone who had been on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, from a reduced form of the place name Galilee.Scottish : variant of Gall 1, from the derivative gallda or the collective form gallaich.German : presumably a derivative of Gall.Northern French : variant of Gallet. This name is also found in French Switzerland and may have been brought to the U.S. from there.
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Fame.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Goddess Lakshmi, Foremost, Best, First, Night
Male
Arthurian
, high, lofty.
NUCLEOTIDE BASE
NUCLEOTIDE BASE
NUCLEOTIDE BASE
NUCLEOTIDE BASE
NUCLEOTIDE BASE
adv.
In a base manner; with despicable meanness; dishonorably; shamefully.
n.
A rustic play; -- called also prisoner's base, prison base, or bars.
n.
Same as Prison base.
n.
Wearing, or protected by, bases.
a.
Alloyed with inferior metal; debased; as, base coin; base bullion.
n.
To put on a base or basis; to lay the foundation of; to found, as an argument or conclusion; -- used with on or upon.
n.
The lowest member of a base when divided horizontally, or of a baseboard, pedestal, or the like.
a.
Morally low. Hence: Low-minded; unworthy; without dignity of sentiment; ignoble; mean; illiberal; menial; as, a base fellow; base motives; base occupations.
imp. & p. p.
of Base
n.
A low, or deep, sound. (Mus.) (a) The lowest part; the deepest male voice. (b) One who sings, or the instrument which plays, base.
a.
Not held by honorable service; as, a base estate, one held by services not honorable; held by villenage. Such a tenure is called base, or low, and the tenant, a base tenant.
n.
The quality or condition of being base; degradation; vileness.
a.
Deep or grave in sound; as, the base tone of a violin.
a.
Having a base, or having as a base; supported; as, broad-based.
n.
The bottom of anything, considered as its support, or that on which something rests for support; the foundation; as, the base of a statue.
n.
A game of ball, so called from the bases or bounds ( four in number) which designate the circuit which each player must endeavor to make after striking the ball.
n.
The number from which a mathematical table is constructed; as, the base of a system of logarithms.
a.
Without a base; having no foundation or support.
n.
A board, or other woodwork, carried round the walls of a room and touching the floor, to form a base and protect the plastering; -- also called washboard (in England), mopboard, and scrubboard.
a.
The outer wall of the ground story of a building, or of a part of that story, when treated as a distinct substructure. ( See Base, n., 3 (a).) Hence: The rooms of a ground floor, collectively.