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See searches and references containing NULL MORPHEME!NULL MORPHEME
Morpheme with no phonetic form
In morphology, a null morpheme or zero morpheme is a morpheme that has no phonetic form. In simpler terms, a null morpheme is an "invisible" affix. It
Null_morpheme
Topics referred to by the same term
valid object Null (linguistics) (sometimes zero), a segment that is not pronounced or written: Null morpheme (or zero morpheme), a morpheme that has no
Null
Smallest meaningful unit in a language
root inflected with the null singular suffix -∅. Content morphemes express a concrete meaning or content, and function morphemes have more of a grammatical
Morpheme
Allomorph that is a null morpheme
In morpheme-based morphology, the term null allomorph or zero allomorph is sometimes used to refer to some kind of null morpheme for which there are also
Null_allomorph
Morpheme placed at the end of a word
root). A word-final segment that is somewhere between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme is known as a suffixoid or a semi-suffix (e.g., English -like
Suffix
Morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word
In linguistics, an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form. The two main categories are derivational and inflectional
Affix
Topics referred to by the same term
diagram 0 allomorph, also null allomorph, a special kind of allomorph in morphology which has the form of a null morpheme 0 address arithmetic, zero
0A
Unit of lexical meaning
word vs. grammatical word Marker (linguistics) Multiword expression Null morpheme Root (linguistics) Stem Syntagma (linguistics) Word family RUN is here
Lexeme
phonemes within a morpheme; the suprafix is a combination of suprasegmental phonemes, organized into a pattern, that creates a morpheme. For example, a
Suprafix
Language in which certain pronouns may sometimes be omitted
phenomenon. Null morpheme – Morpheme with no phonetic form Null-subject language – Class of language where a sentence subject is not required (NSL) Null subject
Pro-drop_language
Type of agglutinative inflection
Balthasar (2008). "Leipzig glossing rules: Conventions for interlinear morpheme-by-morpheme glosses". Archived from the original on 2019-08-04. Retrieved 2016-04-12
Circumfix
Study of words and their formation
words in terms of morphemes, which are the smallest units in a language with some independent meaning or grammatical function. Morphemes include roots that
Morphology_(linguistics)
Sign representing zero or empty set
A\cap B=\{\}} In linguistics, the null sign is used to indicate the absence of an element, such as a phoneme or morpheme. The English language was a fusional
Null_sign
Linguistic phenomenon
considered to be a form of reduplication. The term dupleme has been used (after morpheme) to refer to different types of reduplication that have the same meaning
Reduplication
Affix which is placed before the stem of a word
different lexical category. Prefixes, like all affixes, are usually bound morphemes. English has no inflectional prefixes, using only suffixes for that purpose
Prefix
English affixes added before a word
English prefixes are affixes (i.e., bound morphemes that provide lexical meaning) that are added before either simple roots or complex bases (or operands)
English_prefix
Grammatical case
nominative case is unmarked, and it may then be said to be marked by a null morpheme. Moreover, in most languages with a nominative case, the nominative
Nominative_case
Root word of a set of word forms
under sequor ("I follow"). Lexeme Lexical item Lexical Markup Framework Null morpheme Principal parts Root (linguistics) Uninflected word Zgusta, Ladislav
Lemma_(morphology)
Type of affix
In linguistics, a libfix (from "liberated affix") is a productive bound morpheme affix created by rebracketing and back-formation, often a generalization
Libfix
List of interlinear glossing abbreviations
past (frequently abbreviated to pst) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with
List of glossing abbreviations
List_of_glossing_abbreviations
Grammatical number
purely singulative-collective in the sense that plural is always the null morpheme and singular is not. Welsh has two systems of grammatical number, singular–plural
Singulative_number
State of standing out as unusual
Male as norm Marker (linguistics) Matthews correlation coefficient Null morpheme Other (philosophy) Underlying representation Lehrer, Adrienne (1985)
Markedness
Grammar of the Navajo language
object prefixes can occur in position 4 as direct objects, in position 1a as "null postpositions", or in position 0 as the object of postpositions that have
Navajo_grammar
Extinct and revitalized Slavic language
this ending in Polabian are borrowings from Middle Low German) and -Ø (null morpheme). Feminine nouns in the genitive singular are characterized by the endings
Polabian_language
Concept in linguistics
Affixes Prefix Suffix Circumfix Duplifix Infix Libfix Interfix Transfix Simulfix Suprafix Disfix See also: Null morpheme v t e
Transfix
Term in linguistic morphology
null morpheme). In the same way, English verbs are inflected for person and tense even if the morphology showing those categories is realized as null
Uninflected_word
Absence in linguistics
In linguistics, a zero or null is a segment that is not pronounced or written. It is a useful concept in analysis, usually written with the symbol "∅"
Zero_(linguistics)
Class of language where a sentence subject is not required
In linguistic typology, a null-subject language is a language whose grammar permits an independent clause to lack an explicit subject; such a clause is
Null-subject_language
Free or bound morpheme
declensions (for example -īs in Latin). Affix Lexeme Morpheme Markedness Lemma (morphology) Null morpheme Uninflected word Dependent-marking language Head-marking
Marker_(linguistics)
Language with a very low morpheme per word ratio
a morpheme per word ratio close to one, and with no inflectional morphology whatsoever. In the extreme case, each word contains a single morpheme. Examples
Isolating_language
Type of affix
interfix or linking element is a part of a word that is placed between two morphemes (such as two roots or a root and a suffix) and lacks a semantic meaning
Interfix
Linguistic feature
indication of a particular grammatical function by the absence of any morpheme (word, prefix, or suffix). The most common types of zero-marking in English
Zero-marking_in_English
Generalization of inflection
of English verbs, which has become almost unchanging today (see also null morpheme), thus contrasting sharply, for example, with Latin, in which one verb
Morphological_leveling
Affix inserted inside a word stem
Affixes Prefix Suffix Circumfix Duplifix Infix Libfix Interfix Transfix Simulfix Suprafix Disfix See also: Null morpheme v t e
Infix
Uralic language spoken in Russia
accusative form, that became by adjectives suffix ö instead of öс or a null morpheme by nouns: адззи басöк нывкаöс 'I have found a beautiful girl' → адззи
Komi-Permyak_language
Variant pronunciation of a morpheme
In linguistics, an allomorph is a variant phonetic form of a morpheme, or in other words, a unit of meaning that varies in sound and spelling without changing
Allomorph
Neurolinguistics - Nomenclature - Nominative case - Noun - Noun phrase - Null morpheme Onomasiology - Onomatopoeia - Open class word - Optimality theory -
Index_of_linguistics_articles
Earlier form of the Polish language spoken between the 16th and 18th centuries
or a null morpheme zamkni > zamknij zetrzy > zetrzyj weźmi > weź A loss of the analytical past as well as aorist in favor of the new morphemes. However
Middle_Polish
Sounds and pronunciation of the Russian language
palatalization as a phoneme alternation occurring before particular morphemes (including null morphemes). Hence, the difference between гото́вый and гото́вить can
Russian_phonology
Siouan language of US Midwest
no overt prefix for those pronominals (in other words, that they are null morphemes). Some cells are left blank because there are no pronominal affixes
Ho-Chunk_language
Northwestern Iranian language spoken in Northern Iran and Southern Azerbaijan
(definite) accusative and ergative. The nominative case (characterized by null morpheme on nouns) encodes the subject; the predicate; the indefinite direct
Talysh_language
Subtractive morpheme
In linguistic morphology, a disfix is a subtractive morpheme, a morpheme manifest through the subtraction of segments from a root or stem. Although other
Disfix
Indigenous Australian language
singular subjects (he/she/it), which are realised by invisible, or null morphemes. but as nga-ra-ndi when inflected for a first-person singular subject
Wagiman_language
Topics referred to by the same term
A zero marker is a null morpheme being used as linguistic marker, see: Zero (linguistics) Zero-marking language Zero-marking in English Zero marker is
Zero_marker
Extinct Maiduan language of northeastern California, US
intentive, and hortatory. The present-past indicative is marked by a null morpheme. /sol/ 'to sing' becomes solk'as 'I sang', sol'amk'as 'we two sang'
Maidu_language
Highly inflected language with many morphemes per word
Except for the morpheme tuntu "reindeer", none of the other morphemes can appear in isolation. Whereas isolating languages have a low morpheme-to-word ratio
Polysynthetic_language
Pattern relating to the subject and object of verbs
an ergative–absolutive case marking system: Here -Ø represents a zero morpheme, as the absolutive case is unmarked in Basque with proper nouns (i.e.,
Ergative–absolutive_alignment
Changing between languages during a conversation
words, or individual morphemes (in synthetic languages). However, some linguists consider the borrowing of words or morphemes from another language to
Code-switching
Affix that changes one or more phonemes
existing phonemes (usually vowels) in order to modify the meaning of a morpheme. Examples of simulfixes in English are generally considered irregularities
Simulfix
Type of synthetic language
is a type of language that primarily forms words by stringing together morphemes (word parts)—each typically representing a single grammatical meaning—without
Agglutinative_language
Process of word formation by combining morphemes of singular meaning
morphological process in which words are formed by stringing together morphemes (word parts), each of which corresponds to a single syntactic feature
Agglutination
Theoretical framework in linguistics
orders in which the tense morpheme is closer to the root than the aspect morpheme. Since Aspect is merged before Tense and morpheme order still reflects hierarchical
Distributed_morphology
sequences before coronal or velar consonants, or at the end of a word or morpheme. In these sequences, /al/ became /awl/ and then /ɑul/, while /ɔl/ became
English-language vowel changes before historical /l/
English-language_vowel_changes_before_historical_/l/
Unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds
acquired earlier by L1 speakers than the ones arising within a single morpheme, and are less reduced. English phonology#Phonotactics. Covers syllable
Syllable
Language sound system
by the absence of a subject prefix. A null set symbol Ø is usually used as a place holder (i.e. a zero morpheme) representing the third person subject
Navajo_phonology
Linguistics concept
have a null tense morpheme. For a proper tense interpretation of the first conjunct conjunct, it is necessary to construct a phonetically null tense inflection
Empty_category
Grammatical features of Old English
They include the vast majority of feminine nouns, and zero nouns with Null morphemes of any other gender. They are called ō-stems because they ended in -ō
Old_English_grammar
Words formed of two or more morphemes
consisting of two or more morphemes. In morphology, they are distinguished from simple or simplex words, which consist of a single morpheme and possess no internal
Complex_words
Grammatical phenomenon in Austronesian
reason voice prefix. The direct case morpheme, which marks subjects in Tagalog, is ang. The indirect case morpheme, ng /naŋ/, which is the conflation of
Symmetrical_voice
Lacking or omission of a "to be" verb, common in some languages and stylistic in others
Zero copula, also known as null copula, is a linguistic phenomenon whereby the subject is joined to the predicate without overt marking of this relationship
Zero_copula
Extinct Uto-Aztecan language of Kern County, California, US
changing morpheme The possible verbal final morphemes (class D) are shown below. Unlike the class C morphemes, only one of these final-position morphemes can
Tübatulabal_language
Language whose grammar rarely uses word inflection
Typically, analytic languages have a low morpheme-per-word ratio, especially with respect to inflectional morphemes. No natural language, however, is purely
Analytic_language
Concept in linguistics
English shows the same morpheme being used in both syntactic contexts. Conversely, Arabic uses two phonologically distinct morphemes to account for these
Relativizer
Type of language morphology
agglutination. Synthetic languages are statistically characterized by a higher morpheme-to-word ratio relative to analytic languages. Fusional languages favor
Synthetic_language
Austronesian language of Palau
the abstract null pronoun pro is the subject 'I,' while the clause-initial ak is the first person singular subject agreement morpheme. On the other hand
Palauan_language
is never inserted between two consecutive vowels without an intervening morpheme boundary, which occurs chiefly in words of foreign origin, e.g. in the
Czech_phonology
Unusual personal characteristic
useful for identifying phonological rules during analysis of the forms morphemes can take, idiosyncratic properties are those whose occurrence is not determined
Idiosyncrasy
Language where one kind of inflection indicates multiple changes of aspect
agglutinative languages by their tendency to use single inflectional morphemes to denote multiple grammatical, syntactic, or semantic features. For example
Fusional_language
Kannadoid language of India
cevi. Rare /g/ > /ṅ/: Sholaga maṅa, Kannada maganu. Source: The formative morpheme *-ay is -a: Tamil iṯappay "eyelid", Kannada rappe, Sholaga ṟappa. Like
Sholaga_language
Way of classifying the world's languages
languages on the basis of how those languages form words by combining morphemes. Analytic languages contain very little inflection, instead relying on
Morphological_typology
consonant that represented an ng sound. It has a stroke on top, added from ㅇ, a null or zero initial. They were often confused, as they are so visually similar
Obsolete_Hangul_jamo
In syllables in which the rhotic coda is added as a suffix to another morpheme. This suffix is represented by the character 儿; 兒; ér; 'son', to which
Standard_Chinese_phonology
Endangered Salishan language of the US
1997, p. 159) Below are the transitive object morphemes, which appear as suffixes. The 3rd person is null. Notes on Transitive Objects The alternate forms
Coeur_d'Alene_language
Sound made by stopping airflow in the glottis
The only instance of the glottal stop in Crow is as a question marker morpheme at the end of a sentence. Use of the glottal stop is a distinct characteristic
Glottal_stop
Letter that is not pronounced
letter is often symbolised with a null sign U+2205 ∅ EMPTY SET, which resembles the Scandinavian letter Ø. A null or zero is an unpronounced or unwritten
Silent_letter
Feature in the morphology or syntax of some languages
Additionally, Bobaljik asserts that Universal Grammar lacks the superlative morpheme. Augmentative Comparative illusion Equative construction Fewer vs. less
Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs
Degrees_of_comparison_of_adjectives_and_adverbs
Grammatical category for verbs
constructed with the verb stem followed by the passive morpheme -(r)are. This synthetic passive morpheme can attach to transitive, ditransitive and some intransitive
Voice_(grammar)
Mayan language spoken in Guatemala and Mexico
position. Most consonant clusters are the result of vowel dropping and morpheme addition. Mam has two sets of agreement markers, known to Mayanists as
Mam_language
Empty category occupying the subject position in non-finite clauses
phonological content. As such, it is part of the set of empty categories. The null pronoun PRO is postulated in the subject position of non-finite clauses.
PRO_(linguistics)
Group of dialects of Danish
pronunciation of [d] and [ɡ] are shown. The ⟨÷⟩ represents the null or zero morpheme in the maps, the ⟨-j⟩ and ⟨-r⟩ are [ɪ̯] and [ɐ̯] respectively and
Jutlandic
Tupian language spoken in Brazil
by personal prefixes. It is related to the deletion of the nuclear case morpheme {-a} in the language. These subclasses are identified by the number of
Avá-Canoeiro_language
Typographical symbol
as a comma. In Tibetan the middle dot, called tsek (ཙེག་), is used as a morpheme delimiter. U+0F0B ་ TIBETAN MARK INTERSYLLABIC TSHEG The middle dot or
Middle_dot
Aymaran language spoken in Peru
dropping are extensive, and can be conditioned by such things as morpheme identity, morpheme sequence, syntactic requirements, some phonological requirements
Jaqaru_language
System of phonetic notation
root in e.g. ⫽ˈniːl ~ ˈnɛl+t⫽ for English kneel ~ knelt. ⟨∅⟩ A null segment or morpheme. This may indicate the absence of an affix, e.g. ⟨kæt-∅⟩ for where
International Phonetic Alphabet
International_Phonetic_Alphabet
Braille system for Standard Chinese
are unified, as they never contrast. A null/zero initial (a vowel-initial syllable) is indicated with the null consonant ⠾. At least one letter in each
Two-cell_Chinese_Braille
Variety of Chinese found in Hong Kong and Macau
Standard Mandarin, being no longer limited to singular nouns with no morphemes between the demonstrative and the noun. The demonstrative is commonly
Hong_Kong_written_Chinese
West Slavic language
character ů, a ring. Long u is usually written ú at the beginning of a word or morpheme (úroda, neúrodný) and ů in the middle, except for loanwords (skútr) or
Czech_language
theta-role in the underlying structure, as shown by (3c). The past-tense morpheme then requires a subject at the spec-TP position and forces the movement
Theta_criterion
Extinct language in Egypt
tense/aspect, mood and voice. Each is indicated by a set of affixal morphemes attached to the verb: For example, the basic conjugation is sḏm ("to hear")
Egyptian_language
Concept in pronoun-noun agreement
the morphological expression of a semantic process in which a word or morpheme varies with the form of another word or phrase in the same sentence. This
Phi_features
Earliest attested form of the Korean language
written in Classical Chinese and dated to 441 or 501. Korean syntax and morphemes are visibly attested for the first time in Silla texts of the mid- to
Old_Korean
Pronoun that is associated with a particular grammatical person
ngunhi=lu=na ngadhi gave=3.ERG=3.ABS 1SG.OBL 'He gave it to me' Auxiliary morpheme (Wambaya) ya-ni go-NPST ka-lu PRS-3PL.S ya-ni ka-lu go-NPST PRS-3PL.S 'They
Personal_pronoun
Language spoken in Indonesia
system is greatly influenced by Sanskrit scriptures in terms of phonemes, morphemes, vocabulary and the characteristics of scholarship, particularly when
Indonesian_language
Branch of applied mathematics
constraints. Combinatorics on words can reveal patterns within words, morphemes, and sentences. Context-sensitive rewriting rules of the form a → b /
Mathematical_linguistics
Language of El Salvador
be possessed. Questions are expressed without any special particles or morphemes, as in Spanish. Question words are placed before verbs and their clitic
Salvadoran_Lenca
Grammar of the Tagalog language
indicate the type of affix a particular bound morpheme is: hyphens mark prefixes if placed after the morpheme (e.g., mag-), or suffixes if placed before
Tagalog_grammar
Grammar of the Standard Chinese language
(跳着舞; 'to be dancing'). Chinese morphemes (the smallest units of meaning) are mostly monosyllabic. In most cases, morphemes are represented by single characters
Chinese_grammar
Variety of Oromo spoken by the Borana
processes that take place within Boraana Oromo. Consonant clusters across morpheme boundaries originate in verb forms, nouns, adjectives occasionally having
Southern_Oromo_language
Southern Athabaskan language
verbs, and nouns are typically created from multiple morphemes, but in both cases these morphemes are fused irregularly and beyond easy recognition. Basic
Navajo_language
Creole language of Brazil
description of KFC, and analysis of the grammar at sentence, clause, word, and morpheme-level. The description is in-depth, categorical, and provides examples
Karipúna_French_Creole
NULL MORPHEME
NULL MORPHEME
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin, possibly from an unrecorded late survival of the Old English personal name Tula.South German (Tüll) : from a nickname for someone who was patient, from Middle High German dult ‘patience’; or from a personal name formed with the same word; or from Middle High German tult, dult ‘fair’, ‘festival’ (Bavarian Dult).South German : nickname for a stubborn man, Tull.Altered spelling of German Toll.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Hill 1.English : from a pet form of Hugh.
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
Love's Labours Lost' A constable.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Possibly a shortened form of any of several German compound surnames formed with Full- or Füll-.
Male
English
Medieval pet form of English Oliver, probably NOLL means "elf army."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Danish, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Swedish
Shining Light; Light; The Light of the Sun from Eleanor and Variation of Helen; Sun Ray; Stone; Champion; Horn; Torch; Moon; Moon Elope
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old English personal name, Lulla.German (Lüll) : from a short form of any of the Germanic personal names formed with liut- ‘people’ as the first element.Catalan (also Llull) : from the personal name Lullus, probably of Germanic origin.
Boy/Male
British, English
Grinder
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old English personal name Cula.Americanized spelling of German and Swedish Kall or German Koll.
Girl/Female
Afghan, Australian, Danish, Swedish
God
Boy/Male
Celtic
Champion.
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Emmanouel, EMÃNUEL means "God is with us."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English gulle ‘gull’ or gul(le) (Old Norse gulr) ‘yellow’, ‘pale’ (of hair or complexion).Swiss German : nickname for an irascible or unreliable person, from an Alemannic form of Latin gallus ‘rooster’. See also Guell.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Battle maiden
Boy/Male
British, English, Spanish
Strong Leader; Empty
Female
English
Pet form of English Eleanor, NELL means "foreign; the other."
Surname or Lastname
Dutch and German
Dutch and German : from the personal name Nel, a reduced form of Cornelius.South German : nickname from Middle High German nelle ‘crown of the head’, perhaps denoting an obstinate person.English : from the Middle English personal name Nel(le), a variant of Neill.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a strong, aggressive, bull-like man, from Middle English bul(l)e, bol(l)e. Occasionally, the name may denote a keeper of a bull. Compare Bulman.German (mainly northern) : from a byname for a cattle breeder, keeper, or dealer. Compare South German Ochs.South German : nickname for a short fat man, a variant of Bolle, or a nickname for a man with the physical characteristics of a bull.
Girl/Female
Greek American English French
Shining light. The bright one.
Girl/Female
Arabic
Arabian Jasmine
NULL MORPHEME
NULL MORPHEME
Girl/Female
French
Untamed.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Traditional
Who Increases Victory
Female
Bulgarian
, victor of the people.
Girl/Female
Irish American
A green field; the warm sandy color of a lion's coat.
Male
French
French form of Latin Antonius, possibly ANTOINE means "invaluable."
Girl/Female
Hindu
Om, Sacred Mantra
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Muslim
Moon Glow; Star; Moon Light; Name of a Star; Canopus; Handsome; Brilliant
Girl/Female
Arabic, Indonesian
Flower
Boy/Male
Latin
Warring.
Boy/Male
Welsh American
Tumult; outcry. From the Celtic name Tristan.
NULL MORPHEME
NULL MORPHEME
NULL MORPHEME
NULL MORPHEME
NULL MORPHEME
v. t.
To move or operate by the motion of drawing towards one; as, to pull a bell; to pull an oar.
v. t.
To heat, sweeten, and enrich with spices; as, to mull wine.
Compar.
Abundantly furnished or provided; sufficient in. quantity, quality, or degree; copious; plenteous; ample; adequate; as, a full meal; a full supply; a full voice; a full compensation; a house full of furniture.
n.
A cully; a dupe; a gull. See Cully.
Compar.
Not wanting in any essential quality; complete, entire; perfect; adequate; as, a full narrative; a person of full age; a full stop; a full face; the full moon.
n.
A contest; a struggle; as, a wrestling pull.
v. t.
To endeavor to raise the market price of; as, to bull railroad bonds; to bull stocks; to bull Lake Shore; to endeavor to raise prices in; as, to bull the market. See 1st Bull, n., 4.
v. t.
To gather with the hand, or by drawing toward one; to pluck; as, to pull fruit; to pull flax; to pull a finch.
n.
The act of rowing; as, a pull on the river.
a.
Quite full; choke-full.
v. i.
To become dull or stupid.
v. t.
To dispirit or deaden; to dull or blunt.
superl.
Not bright or clear to the eye; wanting in liveliness of color or luster; not vivid; obscure; dim; as, a dull fire or lamp; a dull red or yellow; a dull mirror.
superl.
Furnishing little delight, spirit, or variety; uninteresting; tedious; cheerless; gloomy; melancholy; depressing; as, a dull story or sermon; a dull occupation or period; hence, cloudy; overcast; as, a dull day.
a.
Full to the brim; quite full; chock-full.
n.
A promontory; as, the Mull of Cantyre.
n.
A knob, handle, or lever, etc., by which anything is pulled; as, a drawer pull; a bell pull.
a.
No; not any; as, nul disseizin; nul tort.
a.
Of or pertaining to a bull; resembling a bull; male; large; fierce.
v. t.
To strip off or separate the hull or hulls of; to free from integument; as, to hull corn.