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Smallest meaningful unit in a language
morpheme is the smallest meaningful constituent of a linguistic expression, especially within a word. Many words are themselves standalone morphemes,
Morpheme
Study of words and their formation
words in terms of morphemes, which are the smallest units in a language with some independent meaning or grammatical function. Morphemes include roots that
Morphology_(linguistics)
Types of morphemes
bound morpheme is a morpheme (the elementary unit of morphosyntax) that can appear only as part of a larger expression, while a free morpheme (or unbound
Bound_and_free_morphemes
Morpheme placed at the end of a word
root). A word-final segment that is somewhere between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme is known as a suffixoid or a semi-suffix (e.g., English -like
Suffix
Process of word formation, by alteration to express grammatical categories
contains both one or more free morphemes (a unit of meaning which can stand by itself as a word), and one or more bound morphemes (a unit of meaning which cannot
Inflection
Type of bound morpheme
linguistic morphology a cranberry morpheme (also called unique morpheme or fossilized term) is a type of bound morpheme that cannot be assigned an independent
Cranberry_morpheme
Morpheme with no phonetic form
In morphology, a null morpheme or zero morpheme is a morpheme that has no phonetic form. In simpler terms, a null morpheme is an "invisible" affix. It
Null_morpheme
Language with a very low morpheme per word ratio
a morpheme per word ratio close to one, and with no inflectional morphology whatsoever. In the extreme case, each word contains a single morpheme. Examples
Isolating_language
Basic elements of language
morpheme, which is the smallest unit of language that has a meaning, even if it cannot stand on its own. Words are made out of at least one morpheme.
Word
Morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word
In linguistics, an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form. The two main categories are derivational and inflectional
Affix
analysis and description of the structure of morphemes and other units of meaning in the Odia language. Morphemes (called ରୁପିମ) are the smallest units of
Odia_grammar
Variant pronunciation of a morpheme
In linguistics, an allomorph is a variant phonetic form of a morpheme, or in other words, a unit of meaning that varies in sound and spelling without changing
Allomorph
Topics referred to by the same term
zero), a segment that is not pronounced or written: Null morpheme (or zero morpheme), a morpheme that has no phonetic form. Null coda, the coda of syllables
Null
Structured system of communication
used to form sequences known as words or morphemes, and a syntactic system that governs how words and morphemes are combined to form phrases and utterances
Language
Lexical core of a word without affixes
root morpheme, in the stricter sense, is a mono-morphemic stem. The traditional definition allows roots to be either free morphemes or bound morphemes. Root
Root_(linguistics)
Indigenous language of South America
person or plural morphemes. The morpheme for desiderative inflection, ‘ta-’. As in the other examples mentioned prior, this morpheme stems together with
Guarani_language
A content morpheme or contentive morpheme is a root that forms the semantic core of a major class word. Content morphemes have lexical denotations that
Content_morpheme
Logographic writing system
reflect the sounds of speech, Chinese characters generally represent morphemes, the units of meaning in a language. Writing all of the frequently used
Chinese_characters
Type of synthetic language
is a type of language that primarily forms words by stringing together morphemes (word parts)—each typically representing a single grammatical meaning—without
Agglutinative_language
Loaned translation of an expression
'To Me You're Beautiful'. Loan-translations: words are translated morpheme by morpheme, or component by component, into another language. Semantic calques
Calque
Morpheme whose only role is to mark grammatical function; antonym of content morpheme
linguistics, functional morphemes, also sometimes referred to as functors, are building blocks for language acquisition. A functional morpheme (as opposed to a
Functional_morpheme
Phonological system of the Japanese language
Sino-Japanese words are composed of more than one Sino-Japanese morpheme. Sino-Japanese morphemes have a limited phonological shape: each has a length of at
Japanese_phonology
Sino-Tibetan language
one-to-one with a morpheme, the smallest unit of meaning in a language. In modern varieties, it usually remains the case that morphemes are monosyllabic—in
Chinese_language
Word that is only pronounceable in combination with another word
backformed from Ancient Greek ἐγκλιτικός (enklitikós) 'leaning, enclitic') is a morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but depends phonologically
Clitic
phonemes within a morpheme; the suprafix is a combination of suprasegmental phonemes, organized into a pattern, that creates a morpheme. For example, a
Suprafix
Greek morphemes are parts of words originating from the Greek language. This article lists Greek morphemes used in the English language. English words
List of Greek morphemes used in English
List_of_Greek_morphemes_used_in_English
Study of the interaction between morphology and phonology
phonetic processes. Its chief focus is the sound changes that take place in morphemes (minimal meaningful units) when they combine to form words. The origins
Morphophonology
Grapheme which represents a word or a morpheme
that represents a semantic component of a language, such as a word or morpheme. Chinese characters as used in Chinese as well as other languages are logograms
Logogram
Type of language morphology
agglutination. Synthetic languages are statistically characterized by a higher morpheme-to-word ratio relative to analytic languages. Fusional languages favor
Synthetic_language
Arabic alphabet used in Southeast Asia
a word, root morpheme-final /ə/ that is spelled with e in Rumi may be represented by ye ى in Jawi. In the middle of a word, root morpheme-final /ə/ that
Jawi_script
A morphogram is the representation of a morpheme by a grapheme based solely on its meaning. Kanji is a writing system that makes use of morphograms, where
Morphogram
Language whose grammar rarely uses word inflection
Typically, analytic languages have a low morpheme-per-word ratio, especially with respect to inflectional morphemes. No natural language, however, is purely
Analytic_language
English-language morpheme
-ussy (/ˈʊsi/ UUS-ee) is an English-language morpheme derived from the word pussy used to create novel derived terms, implying resemblance to a vulva or
-ussy
Type of affix
In linguistics, a libfix (from "liberated affix") is a productive bound morpheme affix created by rebracketing and back-formation, often a generalization
Libfix
Process of becoming a word or adding words to a language
In linguistics, lexicalization is the process of adding words, set phrases, or word patterns to a language's lexicon. Whether word formation and lexicalization
Lexicalization
Words or phrases of the same meaning
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that has a similar or identical meaning to another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example
Synonym
Indo-European language of the Italic branch
'he/she/it will love', is formed from amā-, a future tense morpheme -bi- and a third person singular morpheme, -t, the last of which -t does not express masculine
Latin
Consonant change in Japanese compound words
start of the second (or later) part of the compound. For example, the morpheme kami (paper) starts with the voiceless consonant /k/, which is replaced
Rendaku
Linguistic term
A floating tone is a morpheme or element of a morpheme that contains neither consonants nor vowels, but only tone. It cannot be pronounced by itself but
Floating_tone
Changing between languages during a conversation
words, or individual morphemes (in synthetic languages). However, some linguists consider the borrowing of words or morphemes from another language to
Code-switching
List of interlinear glossing abbreviations
past (frequently abbreviated to pst) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with
List of glossing abbreviations
List_of_glossing_abbreviations
Hmongic language spoken in China
and case are indicated lexically. Single-morpheme word Monosyllable single-morpheme word. (single-morpheme words are mostly monosyllable in Hmong language)
A-Hmao_language
Explanatory matter inserted between a line of original text and its translation
a morphophonemic transliteration, a word-by-word or morpheme-by-morpheme gloss, where morphemes within a word are separated by hyphens or other punctuation
Interlinear_gloss
Unit of lexical meaning
meaning called morphemes, according to root morpheme + derivational morphemes + affix (not necessarily in that order), where: The root morpheme is the primary
Lexeme
focuses on the whole of a word rather than morphemes or internal structure. This theory also denies that morphemes are signs (form-content pairs). Instead
Realizational_morphology
Type of affix
interfix or linking element is a part of a word that is placed between two morphemes (such as two roots or a root and a suffix) and lacks a semantic meaning
Interfix
British businessman (born 1966)
Argonaut Software Ltd, Morpheme Ltd and Just Add Monsters Ltd—the wholly owned subsidiaries of the PLC. The administrators sold Morpheme and Just Add Monsters
Jez_San
Noun that represents the agent of some action
and produces a new lexeme. However, the classification of morphemes into derivational morphemes (see word formation) and inflectional ones is not generally
Agent_noun
Process of word formation by combining morphemes of singular meaning
morphological process in which words are formed by stringing together morphemes (word parts), each of which corresponds to a single syntactic feature
Agglutination
Highly inflected language with many morphemes per word
Except for the morpheme tuntu "reindeer", none of the other morphemes can appear in isolation. Whereas isolating languages have a low morpheme-to-word ratio
Polysynthetic_language
Language family native to Eurasia
words were signalled through inflectional morphemes, usually endings. The roots of PIE are basic morphemes carrying a lexical meaning. By addition of
Indo-European_languages
Bantu language official in Rwanda
has three stems: the imperfective (ending in the morpheme -a), the perfective (ending in the morpheme -:ye, which may trigger a variety of morphophonological
Kinyarwanda
Language
vowels. If morpheme-initial or intervocalic, /j/ is pronounced with audible friction. /pʰ/, /kʰ/, /c/, /ɲ/, /s/, /h/ and /l/ do not occur morpheme-finally
Konyak_language
Paleosiberian language family
languages, in which morpheme-initial stops alternate with fricatives and trills: This occurs when a morpheme is preceded by another morpheme within the same
Nivkh_languages
Mayan language spoken in Guatemala and Belize
same way as the subject of an intransitive verb. Individual morphemes and morpheme-by-morpheme glosses in this section are given in IPA, while "full words
Qʼeqchiʼ_language
Abstract representation used in phonological analysis
or underlying form (UF) is a hypothesized, abstract representation of a morpheme or word stored in the lexicon and used as the input to phonological analysis
Underlying_representation
Theoretical framework in linguistics
orders in which the tense morpheme is closer to the root than the aspect morpheme. Since Aspect is merged before Tense and morpheme order still reflects hierarchical
Distributed_morphology
Ancient Indo-Aryan language of South Asia, mainly Indian subcontinent
nasals, under certain sandhi conditions. The visarga is a word-final or morpheme-final conditioned alternant of s and r under certain sandhi conditions
Sanskrit
Vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge
into meaningful sentences. The lexicon is also thought to include bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone as words (such as most affixes). In some analyses
Lexicon
Linguistic feature
indication of a particular grammatical function by the absence of any morpheme (word, prefix, or suffix). The most common types of zero-marking in English
Zero-marking_in_English
Latin-script alphabet consisting of 26 letters
Linguistic analyses vary on how best to characterise the English possessive morpheme. See article apostrophe for details. The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd
English_alphabet
semantic functions to morphemes. Followed by studies that showed similar patterns for L2 acquisition, the view that the order of morpheme acquisition of English
Order_of_acquisition
Modern Mandaean language from West Asia
common inflectional morphemes associated with the states have been replaced by morphemes borrowed from Persian, such as the plural morphemes ɔn (for native
Neo-Mandaic
Cosmological dualism in Chinese philosophy
[philosophy] female/passive/negative principle in nature, ② Surname; Bound morpheme: ① the moon, ② shaded orientation, ③ covert; concealed; hidden, ④ vagina
Yin_and_yang
Free or bound morpheme
In linguistics, a marker is a free or bound morpheme that indicates the grammatical function of the marked word, phrase, or sentence. Most characteristically
Marker_(linguistics)
Non-printing character that separates two normally joined characters
desirable to keep the characters closer together or to connect a word with its morpheme. The ZWNJ is encoded in Unicode as U+200C ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER (‌)
Zero-width_non-joiner
Alternate phonetic realization of a morpheme
transcription delimiters. In linguistics, an alternation is the phenomenon of a morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization. Each of the various
Alternation_(linguistics)
Video game series
puzzle solving. Croc Mobile: Jungle Rumble! was developed and published by Morpheme for mobile phones in October 2005. It was the first game in the Croc Mobile
Croc_(series)
Aspect of English grammar
A compound is a word composed of more than one free morpheme. The English language, like many others, uses compounds frequently. English compounds may
English_compound
Basic unit of phonology
from which morphemes are built up. A morphophoneme within a morpheme can be expressed in different ways in different allomorphs of that morpheme (according
Phoneme
British video game publisher
along with its two sister companies Ironstone Partners and SoGoPlay, Morpheme, and gaming portal Bluefish Media. Majesco signed a distribution deal for
Eidos_Interactive
System responsible for combining morphemes into complex structures
linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪntæks/ SIN-taks) is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form well-formed larger units such as phrases and sentences
Syntax
Scientific study of language
structure of words in terms of morphemes, which are the smallest units in a language with some independent meaning. Morphemes include roots that can exist
Linguistics
Feature of sound based on extended duration
A morpheme may be reduced to length plus nasalization, in which case a word might be transcribed [saː̃]. If the length is morphemic, the morphemes would
Length_(phonetics)
sequences before coronal or velar consonants, or at the end of a word or morpheme. In these sequences, /al/ became /awl/ and then /ɑul/, while /ɔl/ became
English-language vowel changes before historical /l/
English-language_vowel_changes_before_historical_/l/
Abstract object analyzed in linguistics
denoted by terms with the suffix -eme, such as phoneme, grapheme, and morpheme. The term "emic unit" is defined by Nöth (1995) to mean "an invariant form
Emic_and_etic_units
Type of sound change at morpheme or syllable boundaries
pronounced [sɐnˈdʱi]) is any of a wide variety of sound changes that occur at morpheme or word boundaries. Examples include fusion of sounds across word boundaries
Sandhi
simplified Chinese: 汉字字义; pinyin: hànzì zìyì) are the meanings of the morphemes the characters represent, including the original meanings, extended meanings
Chinese_character_meanings
Fundamental principle of linguistics
phonemes) to produce a large number of meaningful elements (words, actually morphemes). Its name refers to this two-level structure inherent to sign systems
Double_articulation
Language of ancient Sumer and Babylon
intervocalic consonant, especially at the end of a morpheme followed by a vowel-initial morpheme, was usually "repeated" by the use of a CV sign for
Sumerian_language
Situational pronunciation of /r/ in non-rhotic varieties of English
followed by a vowel. Linking R and intrusive R may also occur between a root morpheme and certain suffixes, such as -ing or -al. For instance, in words such
Linking_and_intrusive_R
Salishan language of the United States
OC:out-of-control morpheme reduplication SUCCESS:success aspect morpheme Given its polysynthetic nature, Salish-Spokane-Kalispel encodes meaning in single morphemes rather
Salish–Spokane–Kalispel language
Salish–Spokane–Kalispel_language
Approach to linguistic syntax
nodes of syntactic parse trees may be reduced to units smaller than a morpheme. Each unit may stand as an irreducible element and not be required to form
Nanosyntax
Siouan language in Montana
fricative. Vowel sequences across morpheme boundaries can be quite varied, but short vowels cannot appear alone in the morpheme: V:V (long+short), V:V: (long+long)
Crow_language
Way of classifying the world's languages
languages on the basis of how those languages form words by combining morphemes. Analytic languages contain very little inflection, instead relying on
Morphological_typology
Name list
also spelled Hun, is a single-syllable Korean given name, as well as a morpheme in many other Korean given names. People with the single-syllable given
Hoon_(Korean_name)
Subtractive morpheme
In linguistic morphology, a disfix is a subtractive morpheme, a morpheme manifest through the subtraction of segments from a root or stem. Although other
Disfix
Grammatical unit
as the smallest meaningful unit of grammatical form (analogous to the morpheme, defined as the smallest meaningful unit of lexical form). The term was
Tagmeme
Part of a word responsible for its lexical meaning
by attaching the morpheme -ship to the root word friend (which some linguists also call a stem). While the inflectional plural morpheme -s can be attached
Word_stem
Morpheme ordering restrictions
in place on the ordering of morphemes. Etymologically, it can be translated as "the set of rules that define how morphemes (morpho) can touch (tactics)
Morphotactics
Psychological effect involving letters in a word
role of morphemes in word processing. They switched the letters either within the morphemes (for example, snowball to snowblal) or between morphemes (for
Transposed_letter_effect
Ancestor of the Indo-European languages
in which inflectional morphemes signaled the grammatical relationships between words. This dependence on inflectional morphemes means that roots in PIE
Proto-Indo-European_language
Change in tone contour based on adjacent syllable tones
the tones assigned to individual words or morphemes, based on the pronunciation of adjacent words or morphemes. This change typically simplifies a bidirectional
Tone_sandhi
Sound change within a word that indicates grammatical information
basic form where -ee- is a replacive morpheme that is substituted for oo. goose → g-ee-se This usage of the term morpheme (which is actually describing a replacement
Apophony
Topics referred to by the same term
diving Environmental noise directive Ending (linguistics), a linguistic morpheme Alternate ending End of a part of a baseball game Chess endgame Ending
End
Endangered Caddoan language of Oklahoma, US
considered a cluster in itself. Vowel sequences are allowed morpheme-internally and across morpheme boundaries. Pawnee distinguishes between long vowels, doubled
Pawnee_language
Type of word formation
inflection in which the root is modified and which does not involve stringing morphemes together sequentially. In English, for example, while plurals are usually
Nonconcatenative_morphology
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Bhutan
ར་ ra is a bound morpheme with no meaning of its own. ཁབ་ khap (cover) ཏོག་ to (top) ཁབ་ཏོག་ khapto (lid) ཏོག་ to is a bound morpheme and means something
Dzongkha
English affixes added before a word
English prefixes are affixes (i.e., bound morphemes that provide lexical meaning) that are added before either simple roots or complex bases (or operands)
English_prefix
Aspect of verb grammar
than a free morpheme" (e.g., bound morpheme [prefix, suffix, infix, circumfix, reduplication], zero-derivation, suppletion); or "a free morpheme", in which
Causative
MORPHEME
MORPHEME
MORPHEME
MORPHEME
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Devotional Place
Male
Hebrew
(יֶתֶר) Hebrew name YETHER means "abundance" or "overhanging." In the bible, this is the name of many characters, including the father-in-law of Moses. He is also known by the name Yithrow. Jether is the Anglicized form.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Princess; Kind of a Flower
Boy/Male
Tamil
Giriraj | கிரிராஜ
Lord of mountain
Boy/Male
Australian, Finnish, German, Turkish
Brother
Girl/Female
German, Greek
Peace
Male
African
blessings.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
Tamil
God name
Boy/Male
Tamil
Boy
MORPHEME
MORPHEME
MORPHEME
MORPHEME
MORPHEME