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Class of short biopolymers
Oligonucleotides are short DNA or RNA molecules, oligomers, that have a wide range of applications in genetic testing, research, and forensics. Commonly
Oligonucleotide
Chemical synthesis of nucleic acids
Oligonucleotide synthesis is the chemical synthesis of relatively short fragments of nucleic acids with defined chemical structure (sequence). The technique
Oligonucleotide_synthesis
making them thiophosphate groups instead. Oligonucleotide phosphorothioates (OPS) are modified oligonucleotides where one of the oxygen atoms in the phosphate
Phosphorothioate_nucleic_acid
Antibody–oligonucleotide conjugates or AOCs belong to a class of chimeric molecules combining in their structure two important families of biomolecules:
Antibody–oligonucleotide conjugate
Antibody–oligonucleotide_conjugate
Form of treatment for genetic disorders and other illnesses
Antisense therapy is a form of treatment that uses antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to target messenger RNA (mRNA). ASOs are capable of altering mRNA
Antisense_therapy
Experimental antisense oligonucleotide drug for lowering lipoprotein(a)
Pelacarsen is an experimental antisense oligonucleotide drug designed to lower lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Pelacarsen
American biotechnology company
IDT's primary business is the manufacturing of custom DNA and RNA oligonucleotides (oligos) for research applications. Joseph A. Walder, M.D., Ph.D. (Northwestern
Integrated_DNA_Technologies
Collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface
open reading frames. Although oligonucleotide probes are often used in "spotted" microarrays, the term "oligonucleotide array" most often refers to a
DNA_microarray
Short piece of synthetic DNA
An anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASO) is a short piece of synthetic DNA complementary to the sequence of a variable target DNA. It acts as a probe for the
Allele-specific oligonucleotide
Allele-specific_oligonucleotide
Synthetic equivalents of fluorescein dye used in oligonucleotide synthesis
fluorescein dye used in oligonucleotide synthesis and molecular biology. FAM is used in the preparation of fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotide probes for the detection
Fluorescein_amidite
Zimmermann S, Albrecht I, Heeg K (May 2002). "Phosphodiester CpG oligonucleotides as adjuvants: polyguanosine runs enhance cellular uptake and improve
CpG_oligodeoxynucleotide
Succession of nucleotides in a nucleic acid
A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases within the nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule. This succession
Nucleic_acid_sequence
Chemical compound
protection of the 5'-hydroxy group in nucleosides, particularly in oligonucleotide synthesis. It is usually bound to a molecule, but can exist as a stable
Dimethoxytrityl
Genetic testing technique
Each probe for the detection of mRNA and lncRNA is composed of ~20-50 oligonucleotide pairs, each pair covering a space of 40–50 bp. The specifics depend
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization
Technique in molecular biology
or to its gene products. Also called site-specific mutagenesis or oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, it is widely used for investigating the structure
Site-directed_mutagenesis
Pharmaceutical drug
Bepirovirsen (GSK3228836) is an antisense oligonucleotide gapmer developed to treat hepatitis B infection. Mak, Lung-Yi; Hui, Rex Wan-Hin; Fung, James;
Bepirovirsen
Technology for screening small molecule compounds
link each molecule of a chemically synthesized entity to a particular oligonucleotide sequence constructed in parallel and to use this encoding genetic tag
DNA-encoded_chemical_library
Protein superfamily
OB-fold (oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding fold) is a small protein structural motif observed in different proteins that bind oligonucleotides or oligosaccharides
OB-fold
DNA structure
(also known as H-DNA or Triplex-DNA) is a DNA structure in which three oligonucleotides wind around each other and form a triple helix. In triple-stranded
Triple-stranded_DNA
Species of bacterium
The 105 regions with atypical oligonucleotide composition can be differentiated by their patterns of oligonucleotide usage into categories of horizontally
Pseudomonas_putida
Technique for producing oligonucleotides that specifically bind to a target
combinatorial chemistry technique in molecular biology for producing oligonucleotides of either single-stranded DNA or RNA that specifically bind to a target
Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment
Systematic_evolution_of_ligands_by_exponential_enrichment
Group of methods in synthetic biology
produces oligonucleotide fragments that are generally under 200 base pairs. The second step then involves connecting these oligonucleotide fragments
Artificial_gene_synthesis
Change in the action or side effects of a drug caused
drug–drug interactions (DDIs). Several interaction mechanisms relevant to oligonucleotide drugs have been identified: Transporter competition: Many GalNAc-conjugated
Drug_interaction
Group of atoms introduced into a compound to prevent subsequent reactions
tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF. Commonly protects 2'-hydroxy function in oligonucleotide synthesis. Triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) — Similar conditions to TBS but
Protecting_group
of Nitto Denko Inc., is a private biotechnology company focused on oligonucleotide production. Avecia has two facilities, one near Boston, MA, and the
Avecia
Technique used to map epigenetic methylations in cancer DNA
Methylation specific oligonucleotide microarray, also known as MSO microarray, was developed as a technique to map epigenetic methylation changes in DNA
Methylation specific oligonucleotide microarray
Methylation_specific_oligonucleotide_microarray
Biotechnology company
had proprietary technologies for laser based in-situ synthesis of oligonucleotides and other biomolecules. On 21 December 2015, Flexgen Bv in Leiden (South
FlexGen_B.V.
biology, is designed to uniquely and globally identify oligonucleotide microarray probes. Oligonucleotide probes of microarrays that are sequence identical
Nucleotide universal IDentifier
Nucleotide_universal_IDentifier
Enzyme
Phosphodiesterase 1, PDE1, EC 3.1.4.1, systematic name oligonucleotide 5′-nucleotidohydrolase) is a phosphodiesterase enzyme also known as calcium- and
PDE1
American prion researcher
and cure. In 2023, she earned the Paper of the Year Award from the Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Society. As of 2026, prion diseases remain invariably
Sonia_M._Vallabh
DNA structure
Gapmers are short DNA antisense oligonucleotide structures with RNA-like segments on both sides of the sequence. These linear pieces of genetic information
Gapmer
Property of nucleic acid strands with respect to their translatability into protein
been targeted using antisense oligonucleotides to inhibit their replication in host cells. If the antisense oligonucleotide contains a stretch of DNA or
Sense_(molecular_biology)
allows the synthesis of oligonucleotides with a methacryl group at the 5' end (less commonly 3' or internal). Acryl oligonucleotides have been tested, but
Acrydite
Percentage of guanine and cytosine in DNA or RNA molecules
group of genes or gene clusters, a non-coding region, or a synthetic oligonucleotide such as a primer. Qualitatively, guanine (G) and cytosine (C) undergo
GC-content
Representational oligonucleotide microarray analysis (ROMA) is a technique that was developed by Michael Wigler and Rob Lucito at the Cold Spring Harbor
Representational oligonucleotide microarray analysis
Representational_oligonucleotide_microarray_analysis
Medication
treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Tofersen is an antisense oligonucleotide that targets the production of superoxide dismutase 1, an enzyme whose
Tofersen
Medication
Casimersen, sold under the brand name Amondys 45, is an antisense oligonucleotide medication used for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
Casimersen
RNA-like molecule
from L-ribose units. It is an artificial oligonucleotide named for being a mirror image of natural oligonucleotides. L-RNA aptamers are a form of aptamers
L-Ribonucleic_acid_aptamer
Pharmaceutical compound
IONIS-AGT-LRx), usually supplied as its sodium salt, is an antisense gapmer oligonucleotide designed to inhibit angiotensinogen as an alternative to other mechanisms
Evazarsen
inter-nucleotide phosphodiester bonds, thereby enabling template-directed oligonucleotide replication before the advent of enzymes. Phosphorimidazolides were
Phosphorimidazolide
also known as Assembly PCR) is a method for the assembly of large DNA oligonucleotides from shorter fragments. The process uses the same technology as PCR
Polymerase_cycling_assembly
Short strand of RNA or DNA that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis
of DNA synthesis. A synthetic primer is a type of oligo, short for oligonucleotide. DNA polymerases (responsible for DNA replication) are only capable
Primer_(molecular_biology)
Derivatives of nucleosides
derivatives of natural or synthetic nucleosides. They are used to synthesize oligonucleotides, relatively short fragments of nucleic acid and their analogs. Nucleoside
Nucleoside_phosphoramidite
are devices for molecular hybridization produced by immobilizing oligonucleotides, DNA, enzymes, antibodies, and other compounds on a photopolymerized
MAGIChip
Replication of DNA
create a self-replicating microbe, dubbed Mycoplasma laboratorium. Oligonucleotide synthesis is the chemical synthesis of sequences of nucleic acids.
DNA_synthesis
SOAP (Short Oligonucleotide Analysis Package) is a suite of bioinformatics software tools from the BGI Bioinformatics department enabling the assembly
Short Oligonucleotide Analysis Package
Short_Oligonucleotide_Analysis_Package
type of site-directed mutagenesis that uses a short, double-stranded oligonucleotide sequence (gene cassette) to replace a fragment of target DNA. It uses
Cassette_mutagenesis
afford a 2', 4'-BNA monomer. The monomers can be incorporated into oligonucleotide polymeric structures using standard phosphoramidite chemistry. BNAs
Bridged_nucleic_acid
Spectroscopic technique
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy or surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a surface-sensitive technique that enhances Raman scattering by molecules
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Surface-enhanced_Raman_spectroscopy
Medication
myelodysplastic syndromes with transfusion-dependent anemia. Imetelstat is an oligonucleotide telomerase inhibitor. By blocking telomerase activity, imetelstat causes
Imetelstat
Chemical compound
is an organophosphorus compound. It has commercial application in oligonucleotide synthesis, but is most notable as being a precursor to several chemical
Methylphosphonyl_dichloride
in the first step, the poly-adenylated RNA is hybridised to a DNA oligonucleotide featuring a poly-deoxythymidine sequence at its 5’ end. Klenow polymerase
Extension_Poly(A)_Test
They include anti-tau antibodies like semorinemab, anti-tau antisense oligonucleotides like diranersen, and anti-tau vaccines. Anti-tau drugs are under development
Anti-tau_drug
Medication
transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis. It is a transthyretin-directed antisense oligonucleotide. It was developed to treat hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis by
Eplontersen
Molecule that carries genetic information
DNA and other nucleic acids are the basis of aptamers, synthetic oligonucleotide ligands for specific target molecules used in a range of biotechnology
DNA
Anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (also known as AMOs) have many uses in cellular mechanics. These synthetically designed molecules are used to neutralize microRNA
Anti-miRNA_oligonucleotides
Branch of biology that studies biological systems at the molecular level
microscope slide where each spot contains one or more single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide fragments. Arrays make it possible to put down large quantities of
Molecular_biology
Biotechnology company
the body. Different methodologies (RNA interference, micro-RNA, and oligonucleotides) are used to modify RNA for different applications. For example, an
Ionis_Pharmaceuticals
The Universal PBM Resource for Oligonucleotide-Binding Evaluation (UniPROBE) is database of DNA-binding proteins determined by protein-binding microarrays
UniPROBE
Chemical compound
ion-pairing reagent in high-performance liquid chromatography separations of oligonucleotides. "Triethylammonium Acetate, 1 M Solution - CAS 5204-74-0 - Calbiochem
Triethylammonium_acetate
Pharmaceutical compound
code names BIIB080, IONIS-MAPTRx, and ISIS-814907) is an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) against tau which is under development for the treatment of Alzheimer's
Diranersen
Rare neurodegenerative disease
infusion or as an oral suspension. Tofersen (Qalsody) is an antisense oligonucleotide that was approved for medical use in the United States in April 2023
ALS
The genomic signature refers to the characteristic frequency of oligonucleotides in a genome or sequence. It has been observed that the genomic signature
Genomic_signature
Measurement of genetic variations
makes use of a specifically engineered single-stranded oligonucleotide probe. The oligonucleotide is designed such that there are complementary regions
SNP_genotyping
Antisense oligonucleotide
second-generation 2'-O-methoxyethyl (2'-MOE) antisense therapeutic oligonucleotide (ASO) that targets the messenger RNA for apolipoprotein C3 (apo-CIII)
Volanesorsen
American organic chemist (born 1977)
In the same year, Baran founded Elsie Biotechnologies, an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-based company with the goal of discovering therapeutic agents
Phil_S._Baran
Biotech company
organization facilities in Belgium which produce custom biologic and oligonucleotide products mainly for European pharmaceutical companies, but also holds
Eurogentec
Molecular beacons, or molecular beacon probes, are oligonucleotide hybridization probes that can report the presence of specific nucleic acids in homogenous
Molecular_beacon
Topics referred to by the same term
refer to: Oligosynthetic language, a theoretical linguistic concept Oligonucleotide synthesis, chemical synthesis of short chains of DNA or RNA This disambiguation
Oligosynthesis
Medication
hereditary angioedema. Donidalorsen is a prekallikrein-directed antisense oligonucleotide. It is given by injection under the skin (subcutaneous). Donidalorsen
Donidalorsen
Medical non-profit organization
disorders then, must be very efficient in time and price. Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs) are designed to bind to RNA and modify proteins expression.
N-Lorem
Family of RNA-binding proteins
oligonucleotides that vary in binding strength from very stable complexes (such as the Sm class snRNPs) to transient complexes. RNA oligonucleotides generally
LSm
Genetic disorder caused by a mutation of chromosome 15
phase. Tangelo (phase 1): Roche is testing the safety of an antisense oligonucleotide, RO7248824, administered via intrathecal injection. This drug works
Angelman_syndrome
Chemical compound
"Matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry of oligonucleotides using 3-hydroxypicolinic acid as an ultraviolet-sensitive matrix".
3-Hydroxypicolinic_acid
Genetic disorder affecting mostly the lungs
little to no benefit in the case of insufficient expression. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can solve this problem through the promotion of mRNA degradation
Cystic_fibrosis
Chemical compound
of 5-methoxysalicylic acid and spermine can be used as a matrix for oligonucleotides analysis in MALDI mass spectrometry. It is an isomer of vanillic acid
5-Methoxysalicylic_acid
American biologist (born 1938)
sequencer (1986), to identify the order of nucleotides in DNA; ink-jet oligonucleotide technology for synthesizing DNA and nanostring technology for analyzing
Leroy_Hood
Study of how temperature affects the nucleic acid structure
complex, which in the case of two strands is referred to as a duplex. Oligonucleotides, DNA, or RNA will bind to their complement under normal conditions
Nucleic_acid_thermodynamics
unit is at a defined position in the chain e.g. peptides, proteins, oligonucleotides. Sequence-defined polymers constitute therefore a subclass of the field
Sequence-defined_polymer
Medication
It is a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-directed antisense oligonucleotide. The most common side effects include vomiting, back pain, cough, headache
Zilganersen
Chemical compound
exon-skipping oligonucleotides for DMD. As there are 79 exons in the longest splice form of the dystrophin transcript, many different oligonucleotides are needed
Drisapersen
DNA sequencing using the concept of massively parallel processing
DNA fragment from the DNA library. The surface of the beads contains oligonucleotide probes with sequences that are complementary to the adaptors binding
Massively_parallel_sequencing
Medication used for spinal muscular atrophy
excretion for nusinersen and its metabolites. Nusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide in which the 2'-hydroxy groups of the ribofuranosyl rings are replaced
Nusinersen
Biological molecule
monomer or a constituent of an oligonucleotide. LNA nucleotides can be mixed with DNA or RNA residues in a oligonucleotide. LNA is one type of bridged nucleic
Locked_nucleic_acid
Molecule composed of copies of a small unit
oligosaccharide is an oligomer of monosaccharides (simple sugars). An oligonucleotide is a short single-stranded fragment of nucleic acid such as DNA or
Oligomer
Bacterial DNA primase
synthesizes short strands of RNA known as oligonucleotides during DNA replication. These oligonucleotides are known as primers because they act as a
DnaG
Russian bioorganic chemist
established. In the 1960s, Shabarova started research on the synthesis of oligonucleotides, focusing on the opportunity of solid-phase synthesis. Together with
Zoya_Shabarova
Chemical compound
Sergliflozin T-1095 T-1095A Tofogliflozin Velagliflozin Antisense oligonucleotides: ISIS-388626 SGLT1Tooltip Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 & SGLT2Tooltip
Licogliflozin
Medication
is an apolipoprotein C-III-directed antisense oligonucleotide. Olezarsen is an antisense oligonucleotide which inhibits the formation of apolipoprotein
Olezarsen
Biological molecule
design long PNA oligomers for use in these roles, which usually require oligonucleotide probes of 20–25 bases. The main concern of the length of the PNA-oligomers
Peptide_nucleic_acid
American pharmaceutical company
company under the name Oligogen. The original name was a reference to oligonucleotides, small strands of DNA used to target genetic sequences. Gilead held
Gilead_Sciences
Technique for the investigation of nucleic acids and its modifications
that started the concept of NAIL-MS. NAIL-MS can also be applied to oligonucleotide analysis by mass spectrometry. This is useful when the sequence information
NAIL-MS
Israeli biologist and academic
by clustering analysis of tumor and normal colon tissues probed by oligonucleotide arrays". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 96 (12):
Uri_Alon
Genetic modification technique
modification or by treatment with a reagent such as a short DNA or RNA oligonucleotide that has a sequence complementary to either gene or an mRNA transcript
Gene_knockdown
unlabelled nucleic acid molecules. Antisense therapy, siRNA, and other oligonucleotide and nucleic acid based biotherapeutics can be quantified with hybridization
Hybridization_assay
Synthetic organic compound used as dye and fluorescent tracer
labeled oligonucleotides for the same purpose. Another technique, termed molecular beacons, makes use of synthetic fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotides. Fluorescein-labelled
Fluorescein
Laboratory technique of molecular biology
double-stranded DNA and (2) sequence-specific DNA probes consisting of oligonucleotides that are labelled with a fluorescent reporter, which permits detection
Real-time polymerase chain reaction
Real-time_polymerase_chain_reaction
Experimental drug
Somavubove Somidobove Antagonists: G120K-hGH Pegvisomant Antisense oligonucleotides: Atesidorsen Binding proteins: GHBPTooltip Growth hormone-binding protein
Ibutamoren
chemistry [...] for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies"
1993_Nobel_Prizes
Medication
repeated exposure to miravirsen. Miravirsen is a modified antisense oligonucleotide consisting of a chain of 15 nucleotides, the base sequence of which
Miravirsen
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