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Electrical circuit detecting phase difference
A phase detector or phase comparator is a frequency mixer, analog multiplier or logic circuit that generates a signal which represents the difference
Phase_detector
Electronic control system
electronic circuit consisting of a variable frequency oscillator and a phase detector in a feedback loop (Figure 1). The oscillator generates a periodic signal
Phase-locked_loop
Device which extracts info from a modulated radio frequency current or voltage
called a detector. A variety of different detector devices, such as the coherer, electrolytic detector, magnetic detector and the crystal detector, were
Detector_(radio)
A phase detector characteristic is a function of phase difference describing the output of the phase detector. For the analysis of Phase detector it is
Phase_detector_characteristic
Type of amplifier that emphasizes a specific frequency in a noisy signal
homodyne detector followed by low-pass filter that is often adjustable in cut-off frequency and filter order. The device is often used to measure phase shift
Lock-in_amplifier
Type of chromatography
and organometalics. In this type of detector either nitrogen or 5% methane in argon is used as the mobile phase carrier gas. The carrier gas passes between
Gas_chromatography
Phase-locked loop-based demodulator circuit
two phase detectors, e.g., product detectors. The same phase of the input signal is also applied to both phase detectors, and the output of each phase detector
Costas_loop
Technique in analytical chemistry
composition of the mobile phase through the stationary phase inside the column, then directly into a flow-cell inside the detector. The detector generates a signal
High-performance liquid chromatography
High-performance_liquid_chromatography
Logic gate
order to generate random numbers. XOR gates may be used in simplest phase detectors. An XOR gate may be used to easily change between buffering or inverting
XOR_gate
When a radio signal reaches a remote receiver
{\displaystyle \theta =2\pi f\cdot T.} The phase detector will see variations in frequency as measured phase noise, which will be an uncertainty that propagates
Time_of_arrival
Device used to detect defects on trains
A defect detector is a wayside device used on railroads to detect problems in passing trains. The detectors are normally integrated into the tracks and
Defect_detector
Range imaging camera system
unit: It illuminates the scene. For RF-modulated light sources with phase detector imagers, the light has to be modulated with high speeds up to 100 MHz
Time-of-flight_camera
Radar signal processing technique
fed into a phase detector. Stationary objects did not change the phase from pulse to pulse, but moving objects did. By storing the phase signal, instead
Moving_target_indication
Dark matter research project
interactions in a liquid xenon target chamber. The current detector consists of a dual phase time projection chamber (TPC). The experiment detects scintillation
XENON
Type of gas-phase ion detector
A Daly detector is a gas-phase ion detector that consists of a metal "doorknob", a scintillator (phosphor screen) and a photomultiplier. It was named after
Daly_detector
Electronic instrument which detects the presence of metal nearby
A metal detector is an instrument that detects the nearby presence of metal. Metal detectors are useful for finding metal objects on the surface, underground
Metal_detector
Device for measuring chemicals
The charged aerosol detector (CAD) is a detector used in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra high-performance liquid
Charged_aerosol_detector
Underground neutrino physics experiment
has been operating in a physics data-taking phase since that time. The primary goal of the SNO+ detector is the search for neutrinoless double beta decay
SNO+
Oscillator whose frequency can be tuned over some range
a phase detector, a control-loop can be set up so that the VCO's output is frequency-locked to a crystal-controlled reference oscillator. The phase detector's
Variable-frequency_oscillator
Device that detects smoke, typically as an indicator of fire
A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire. Smoke detectors/alarms are usually housed in plastic enclosures, typically
Smoke_detector
Electronic warfare technique
this fixed signal was also 25 Hz. Sending these two signals into a phase detector produces a varying output that can be used to drive the antenna pointing
Angle_deception_jamming
Type of demodulator
A product detector, also known a VIC detector, is a type of demodulator used for AM and SSB signals. Rather than converting the envelope of the signal
Product_detector
Electrical device which utilizes a sensor to detect nearby motion
A motion detector is an electrical device that utilizes a sensor to detect nearby motions (motion detection). Such a device is often integrated as a component
Motion_detector
Charge-pump phase-locked loop (CP-PLL) is a modification of phase-locked loops with phase-frequency detectors and square waveform signals. A CP-PLL allows
Charge-pump_phase-locked_loop
Prototype neutrino experiment
ProtoDUNE detector, and another eight weeks to fill it with 800 tons of liquid argon. Originally, one detector was built to be single-phase (ProtoDUNE-SP)
ProtoDUNE
Early radio receiver component
A crystal detector is an electronic component used in some early 20th century radio receivers. It consists of a piece of crystalline mineral that rectifies
Crystal_detector
Semiconductor diode producing short impulses
frequency synthesizers Frequency multiplier Comb generator Sampling phase detector Minority carrier P-n junction Pulse generator Semiconductor diode Used
Step_recovery_diode
Electronic circuit
An envelope detector (sometimes called a peak detector) is an electronic circuit that takes a (relatively) high-frequency signal as input and outputs the
Envelope_detector
compared with the STALO signal in a phase detector. The detector outputs a signal only where the signals differ in phase, which occurs wherever there is an
COHO
Particle physics experiment in South Dakota, United States
to WIMPs). First, the innermost detector is composed of a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC). This detector is the target for WIMP-nucleus
LZ_experiment
Type of gas detector used in gas chromatography
flame ionization detector (FID) is a scientific instrument that measures analytes in a gas stream. It is frequently used as a detector in gas chromatography
Flame_ionization_detector
Italian-American engineer and businessman
the regions of the physical parameters of the PLL (parameters of the phase detector, filter, and voltage-controlled oscillator) where the ranges coincide
Andrew_Viterbi
Information method in electromagnetic radiation
transmissive optical element p till the detector. By assuming constant refractive indices and reflection phase changes over a laser frequency range made
Optical_heterodyne_detection
Imaging systems using changes in phase
directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. However, in phase contrast X-ray imaging, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured
Phase-contrast_X-ray_imaging
Improved phase-locked loop
digital, rather than analog, control signal. The phase detector gives a signal proportional to the phase difference between two signals; in a PLL, one signal
PLL_multibit
Physics apparatus designed to study neutrinos
neutrino detectors must be very large to detect a significant number of neutrinos. Neutrino detectors are often built underground, to isolate the detector from
Neutrino_detector
Type of radio design
requires phase locking the local oscillator to the carrier frequency, a much more demanding task compared to the more robust envelope detector or ratio
Direct-conversion_receiver
Counting circuit component
undesired change in the relationship between the frequency step size and phase detector comparison frequency. For this reason, it is common to either restrict
Prescaler
Japanese particle physics experiment
been collected; Phase III — started 2019: data taking with the complete Belle II detector; On November 22, 2018, the Belle II detector was completed with
Belle_II_experiment
Demodulator that uses a replica of the unmodulated carrier
television receiver, where it allows recovery of the phase information that conveys hue. Synchronous detectors are also found in some shortwave radio receivers
Synchronous_detector
Chemical element with atomic number 18 (Ar)
scintillation light that is detected by photomultiplier tubes. Two-phase detectors containing argon gas are used to detect the ionized electrons produced
Argon
Electrical device that converts AC to DC
galena (lead sulfide) to serve as a point-contact rectifier or "crystal detector". Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving as components
Rectifier
Under-construction physics experiment facility in the United States
under construction in the United States, with a near detector at Fermilab, Illinois, and a far detector at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF)
Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
Deep_Underground_Neutrino_Experiment
Quantum mechanics thought experiment
towards detector D will have a phase shift of half a wavelength compared to a photon being reflected from the upper path towards that same detector, while
Elitzur–Vaidman_bomb_tester
System of identifying electrical power devices
Unbalance 60P - Phase Current Unbalance 61 - Density Switch or Sensor 62 - Time-Delay Stopping or Opening Relay 63 - Pressure Switch Detector 64 - Ground
ANSI_device_numbers
Detector for separated compounds from a chromatographic column
chromatography detector is a device that detects and quantifies separated compounds as they elute from the chromatographic column. These detectors are integral
Chromatography_detector
Swedish-American physicist (1889–1976)
close enough for the phase-control loop to take over. In modern block-diagram terms, the patent shows a reference, phase detector, control path, controlled
Harry_Nyquist
Electronic noise
through a phase detector. Another measure of oscillator noise is L, which is simply Sv normalized to the power in the fundamental. As t → ∞ the phase of the
Oscillator_phase_noise
Measurement method using interference of waves
recombined before arriving at a detector. The path difference, the difference in the distance traveled by each beam, creates a phase difference between them.
Interferometry
Japanese underground gravitational wave detector
The Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector (KAGRA) is a large-scale physics experiment designed to detect gravitational waves predicted by the general theory
Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector
Kamioka_Gravitational_Wave_Detector
Type of FM detector circuit
the peaks and limits the amplitude. Slope detector Ratio detector Quadrature detector Phase-locked loop detector Foster, D. E.; Seeley, S. W. (March 1937)
Foster–Seeley_discriminator
Cryogenic energy sensor or particle detector
sensor or cryogenic particle detector that exploits the strongly temperature-dependent resistance of the superconducting phase transition. The first demonstrations
Transition-edge_sensor
Type of destructive chromatography detector
considered as a sort of "universal detector" as it is able to detect all compound which are less volatile than the mobile phase, i.e. non volatile and semi-volatile
Evaporative light scattering detector
Evaporative_light_scattering_detector
Form of electron microscopy
evolution in STEM detectors and improvements in computational power. The technique has applications in visual diffraction imaging, phase orientation and
4D scanning transmission electron microscopy
4D_scanning_transmission_electron_microscopy
Phase stretch transform (PST) is a computational approach to signal and image processing. One of its utilities is for feature detection and classification
Phase_stretch_transform
System in electronic signal processing
symbols reduces the impact of low SNR decision errors. Clock recovery Phase detector Phase retrieval Bregni 2002 Gibson 2002 J.M. Steber, PSK demodulation:
Carrier_recovery
Limit on measurements at quantum scales
reflected pulses are detected by a phase-sensitive device (the phase detector). The implementation of an optical phase detector can be done using e.g. homodyne
Quantum_limit
Traffic light control system in New South Wales, Australia
deduced from the vehicle detectors and allocates green time, extending, terminating early, or skipping demand-dependent phases. Strategic control (regional)
Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System
Sydney_Coordinated_Adaptive_Traffic_System
Radar system used in air traffic control
P6 pulse is phase modulated with the first phase reversal, after 1.25 μs, synchronising the transponder's phase detector. Subsequent phase reversals indicate
Secondary_surveillance_radar
Electromagnetic radiation from a charged particle in a medium
most advanced type of a detector is the RICH, or ring-imaging Cherenkov detector, developed in the 1980s. In a RICH detector, a cone of Cherenkov light
Cherenkov_radiation
Particle physics experiment at CERN
silicon microvertex detector, a vertex detector, a jet chamber, and z-chambers (from the beam pipe out). The silicon microvertex detector and the vertex chamber
OPAL_experiment
Type of pedestrian crossing in the United Kingdom
pressed since the end of the last pedestrian phase the "Maximum Traffic Green Timer" has expired the detectors indicate that a pedestrian is still waiting
Puffin_crossing
Observatory in Lake Baikal, Siberia
телескоп) is a neutrino detector conducting research below the surface of Lake Baikal (Russia) since 2003. The first detector was started in 1990 and
Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope
Baikal_Deep_Underwater_Neutrino_Telescope
Neutrinoless double beta decay experiment
and particle detector. The detectors from the HdM (Heidelberg-Moscow) and IGEX experiments were reprocessed and used in phase 1. The detector array was suspended
Germanium_Detector_Array
Type of vacuum tube
for horizontal phase detector service, and horizontal oscillator service. 12AE10 twin pentode. Designed for FM discriminator/detector, and audio output
Compactron
Class of scientific instruments
Cryogenic particle detectors operate at very low temperature, typically only a few degrees above absolute zero. These sensors interact with an energetic
Cryogenic_particle_detector
Experimental method in X-ray diffraction
method for phase quantification. The simplest cameras for X-ray powder diffraction consist of a small capillary and either a flat plate detector (originally
Powder_diffraction
threshold detector with hysteresis consists of an operational amplifier and a series of resistors that provide hysteresis. Like other detectors, this device
Comparator_applications
Circuit that creates new frequencies from two signals
an input signal as in a receiver, but also as a product detector, modulator, phase detector or frequency multiplier. For example, a communications receiver
Frequency_mixer
Process of extracting the original information-bearing signal from a carrier wave
synchronous detector. On the other hand, for a signal modulated with an angular modulation, we must use a frequency modulation (FM) demodulator or a phase modulation
Demodulation
Radio navigation system
compared to this master signal in a phase detector, and a varying voltage was produced depending on the difference in phase. This voltage represented the fine-positioning
Loran-C
kinetic inductance detector (KID) — also known as a microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) — is a type of superconducting photon detector capable of counting
Kinetic_inductance_detector
Brainwaves, repetitive patterns of neural activity in the central nervous system
undergo modulation influenced by the firing rates of thalamocortical 'phase detectors,' which, in turn, gauge the disparity between the cortical and sensory
Neural_oscillation
Type of data encoding
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation process which conveys data by changing (modulating) the phase of a constant frequency carrier wave. The
Phase-shift_keying
Device used to measure gravitational waves
A gravitational-wave detector (used in a gravitational-wave observatory) is any device designed to measure tiny distortions of spacetime called gravitational
Gravitational-wave observatory
Gravitational-wave_observatory
Detector experiment at CERN
A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) is one of the nine detector experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It is designed to study the conditions
ALICE_experiment
Tracking and communication system developed by NASA and JPL
modulated directly onto the carrier, are detected by the wide-band phase detector and translated to a video signal. The voice and telemetry data to be
Unified_S-band
Particle detector made of semiconductor strips
tracker for the Phase-II ATLAS detector". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated
Microstrip_detector
Gravitational wave observatory site
laid for the next phase of LIGO development (called "Enhanced LIGO"). This was followed by a multi-year shut-down while the detectors were replaced by
LIGO
Method of microscopic imaging
ptychotomography. A detector records the intensity of a diffracted wave, which determines its magnitude, but does not directly measure its phase. Recovering this
Ptychography
The Blackmer RMS detector is an electronic true RMS converter invented by David E. Blackmer in 1971. The Blackmer detector, coupled with the Blackmer
Blackmer_RMS_detector
Japanese neutrino observatory
work was completed in July 2006, whereupon the detector was renamed Super-Kamiokande-III. This phase of the experiment collected data from October 2006
Super-Kamiokande
2006–2011 dark matter experiment in England
first such WIMP detector to operate in the world (2005). This technology was also adopted very successfully by the XENON programme. Two-phase argon has also
ZEPLIN-III
Method to isolate a compound in a mixture
mobile phase. The mobile phase moves through a column packed with solid particles (the stationary phase). The components adsorb to the stationary phase at
Column_chromatography
Type of detection system
of communication signals, or for detection of metal objects in metal detectors or vehicle presence indicators. A common modern use for induction loops
Induction_loop
Device to determine relative phase shift
beam (RB) will arrive in phase at detector 1, yielding constructive interference. Both SB and RB will have undergone a phase shift of (1 × wavelength + k)
Mach–Zehnder_interferometer
Hypothetical phases of matter
(quantum chromodynamic matter) refers to any of a number of hypothetical phases of matter built from quarks and gluons, of which the prominent example is
QCD_matter
Gravitational-wave detector in Italy
scientific instrument near Pisa, Italy, for detecting gravitational waves. The detector is a Michelson interferometer, which can detect the minuscule length variations
Virgo_interferometer
Type of size-exclusion chromatography
eye a detector is needed. Often multiple detectors are used to gain additional information about the polymer sample. The availability of a detector makes
Gel_permeation_chromatography
Long-baseline neutrino experiment in Japan
detection thresholds. This detector acceptance improvement is important to cover almost the same phase space available at the far detector (SK). In addition,
T2K_experiment
Scientific instruments
raster. Such detectors may typically consist of a scintillator connected to photomultiplier tube. Segmented STEM detectors allow differential phase contrast
Detectors for transmission electron microscopy
Detectors_for_transmission_electron_microscopy
Potential for two waves to interfere
coherence time is much shorter than the time resolution of any detector, the detector itself does the time averaging. Consider the example shown in Figure
Coherence_(physics)
General-purposes experiment at the Large Hadron Collider
(CMS) experiment is one of two large general-purpose particle physics detectors built on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Switzerland and France
Compact_Muon_Solenoid
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
one of the first detectors able to rectify and receive AM, the electrolytic detector or "liquid baretter", in 1902. Other radio detectors invented for wireless
Amplitude_modulation
Beginning of a musical note or sound
psychoacoustically-motivated strategies may be employed. Sometimes the onset detector can be restricted to a particular domain (depending on intended application)
Onset_(audio)
Neutrino observatory in Japan
of near and intermediate detectors located in Tokai village, Ibaraki prefecture, on the east coast of Japan. The main detector, also called Hyper-Kamiokande
Hyper-Kamiokande
Technique/Circuit". Power Electronics. Retrieved 2021-09-17. Simple Methods for Detecting Zero Crossing Isolated High Quality Mains Voltage Zero Crossing Detector
Zero-crossing_control
Technique for the characterisation of crystalline materials
sample-to-detector distance, Δ {\displaystyle \Delta } is the correction for the sample-to-detector distance (corrected sample-to-detector distance D
Rietveld_refinement
Vessel filled with a superheated transparent liquid
supplanted by wire chambers, spark chambers, drift chambers, and silicon detectors. Notable bubble chambers include the Big European Bubble Chamber (BEBC)
Bubble_chamber
Autocorrelation functions realized in optics
not sensitive to the spectral phase. The field autocorrelation is readily measured experimentally by placing a slow detector at the output of a Michelson
Optical_autocorrelation
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PHASE DETECTOR
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