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Logic gate
The XOR gate (sometimes EOR, or EXOR and pronounced as exclusive OR, ksor or sometimes EX-OR) is a digital logic gate that gives a true (1 or HIGH) output
XOR_gate
Digital logic gate
logic gate whose function is the logical complement of the exclusive OR (XOR) gate. It is equivalent to the logical connective ( ↔ {\displaystyle \leftrightarrow
XNOR_gate
True when either but not both inputs are true
biconditional. With two inputs, XOR is true if and only if the inputs differ (one is true, one is false). With multiple inputs, XOR is true if and only if the
Exclusive_or
Logic constructed only from NAND gates
an OR gate with an inverted output. Output is high when neither input A nor input B is high. An XOR gate is made by connecting four NAND gates as shown
NAND_logic
Digital circuit that produces sums from inputs
2C+S} . The simplest half-adder design incorporates an XOR gate for S {\displaystyle S} and an AND gate for C {\displaystyle C} . The Boolean logic for the
Adder_(electronics)
Logic gate implementing negation
and input. Controlled NOT gate AND gate OR gate NAND gate NOR gate XOR gate XNOR gate IMPLY gate Boolean algebra Logic gate Van Houtven, Laurens (2017)
Inverter_(logic_gate)
Quantum logic gate
CNOT gate corresponds to the result of a classical XOR gate. Fixing CONTROL as | 1 ⟩ {\displaystyle |1\rangle } , the TARGET output of the CNOT gate yields
Controlled_NOT_gate
Device which extracts info from a modulated radio frequency current or voltage
described above can also be accomplished by combining, in an exclusive-OR (XOR) logic gate, the limited original FM signal and either a copy of that signal passed
Detector_(radio)
Making other gates using just NOR gates
de Morgan's Law that a NOR gate is an inverted-input AND gate. This construction uses five gates instead of four. An XOR gate is made by considering the
NOR_logic
Device performing a Boolean function
individual gates. There are seven basic logic gates: NOT, OR, NOR (Negation of the OR statement), AND, NAND (Negation of the AND statement), XOR (Exclusive
Logic_gate
Topics referred to by the same term
also refer to: XOR cipher, an encryption algorithm XOR gate, a digital logic gate bitwise XOR, an operator used in computer programming XOR (video game)
XOR_(disambiguation)
Universal reversible logic gate, applied in quantum computing
A NOT gate, for example, can be constructed from a Toffoli gate by setting the three input bits to {a, 1, 1}, making the third output bit (1 XOR (a AND
Toffoli_gate
Digital logic gate type
has media related to OR gates. AND gate NOT gate NAND gate NOR gate XOR gate XNOR gate Boolean algebra Logic gate "Logic OR Gate Tutorial". Electronics
OR_gate
Digital logic gate type
AND gates 12-input AND gate made from 3 NAND and 1 NOR gate Wikimedia Commons has media related to AND gates. OR gate NOT gate NAND gate NOR gate XOR gate
AND_gate
Electrical circuit detecting phase difference
be made from an exclusive-OR (XOR) logic gate. When the two signals being compared are completely in-phase, the XOR gate's output will have a constant level
Phase_detector
Digital logic gate
media related to IMPLY_gates. NIMPLY gate AND gate NOT gate NAND gate NOR gate XOR gate XNOR gate Boolean algebra (logic) Logic gates "Implication Logic"
IMPLY_gate
Digital logic gate
using NAND logic. AND gate Boolean algebra (logic) Flash memory NAND gate NAND logic NOR logic NOT gate OR gate XNOR gate XOR gate Smith, J.S. "Digital
NOR_gate
Computing circuit
to use an XOR gate to precede each bit instead. The first input to the XOR gate is the actual input bit The second input for each XOR gate is the control
Adder–subtractor
Molecule that performs a logical operation
XOR, NAND, NOR, XNOR, and INH are two-input logic gates. The AND, OR, and XOR gates are fundamental logic gates, and the NAND, NOR, and XNOR gates are
Molecular_logic_gate
The 4048 is an 8-input gate too (see below). The 4572 has a NOR gate and NAND gate (see above). AND-OR-invert (AOI) logic gates: 4085 = Dual 2-wide 2-input
List of 4000-series integrated circuits
List_of_4000-series_integrated_circuits
Concept in computer science
physically reversible, depending on its implementation. The exclusive or (XOR) gate is irreversible because its two inputs cannot be unambiguously reconstructed
Reversible_computing
Serial bus interface standard
with the clock signal through an XOR gate, creating a strobe signal. This strobe is then put through another XOR gate along with the data signal to reconstruct
IEEE_1394
2-2 AOI gate, one is expandable (SN54 is military version of SN74) SN74LS51 = 2-2 AOI gate and 3-3 AOI gate SN54LS54 = single 2-3-3-2 AOI gate Parts in
List of 7400-series integrated circuits
List_of_7400-series_integrated_circuits
Digital logic gate
The NIMPLY gate is often used in synthetic biology and genetic circuits. IMPLY gate AND gate NOT gate NAND gate NOR gate XOR gate XNOR gate Boolean algebra
NIMPLY_gate
Use of a fluid to perform analog or digital operations
also be implemented with the XOR gate, as A XOR 1 = Ā. Another kind of fluidic logic is bubble logic. Bubble logic gates conserve the number of bits entering
Fluidics
Computer science topic
they are the same. For example: 0101 (decimal 5) XOR 0011 (decimal 3) = 0110 (decimal 6) The bitwise XOR may be used to invert selected bits in a register
Bitwise_operation
implementing an XOR gate is by using a 2-2-OAI-gate with non-inverted and inverted inputs. Hendrichs, Norman. "CMOS OAI31 or-and-invert complex gate". University
OR-AND-invert
Mechanical computer built using dominoes
P to the output signal Q such that the logic gate is equivalent to Q AND (NOT P). Similarly, an XOR gate can be realized with feedback from both inputs
Domino_computer
Electronic circuit with two stable states
multiplexer, or by using two single-edge triggered D-type flip-flops and three XOR gates. An efficient functional alternative to a D flip-flop can be made with
Flip-flop_(electronics)
Type of shift register in computing
of single bits is exclusive-or (XOR). Thus, an LFSR is most often a shift register whose input bit is driven by the XOR of some bits of the overall shift
Linear-feedback shift register
Linear-feedback_shift_register
Array of logic gates that are reprogrammable
perform complex combinational functions, or act as simple logic gates like AND and XOR. In most FPGAs, logic blocks also include memory elements, which
Field-programmable_gate_array
Basic circuit in quantum computing
with the single qubit Hadamard gate. The Toffoli gate is related to the classical AND ( ∧ {\displaystyle \land } ) and XOR ( ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } )
Quantum_logic_gate
implementations this calls for either 8-input or cascaded XOR gates which have substantial gate delay. To maximise computation speed, an intermediate remainder
Computation of cyclic redundancy checks
Computation_of_cyclic_redundancy_checks
Electronic control system
output that allows a reliable indication of an out-of-lock condition. An XOR gate is often used for digital PLLs as an effective yet simple phase detector
Phase-locked_loop
Universal reversible logic gate, applied in quantum computing
Fredkin gate can be defined using truth functions with AND, OR, XOR, and NOT, as follows: O1 = I1 XOR S, O2 = I2 XOR S, Cout = Cin, where S = (I1 XOR I2)
Fredkin_gate
Logical connective
follows: It is equivalent to that produced by the XNOR gate, and opposite to that produced by the XOR gate. The corresponding logical symbols are " ↔ {\displaystyle
If_and_only_if
Bit added to a binary string for error detection
as XOR gates output what is equivalent to a check bit that creates an even parity, and XOR logic design easily scales to any number of inputs. XOR and
Parity_bit
Bit-vector representation where only one bit can be set at a time
Base-1 numeral system Uniqueness quantification – Logical quantifier XOR gate – Logic gate Harris, David and Harris, Sarah (2012-08-07). Digital design and
One-hot
Mathematical table used in logic
general "truth tables". For example, one value, G, may be used with an XOR gate to conditionally invert another value, X. In other words, when G is false
Truth_table
Cryptographic protocol for two-party computation
circuit out of 2-input XOR and AND gates. It is important that the generated circuit has the minimum number of AND gates (see Free XOR optimization). There
Garbled_circuit
Deterministic quantum algorithm
addition modulo 2, which can also be viewed as a quantum XOR gate implemented as a Controlled NOT gate), if zero, then f {\displaystyle f} is constant, otherwise
Deutsch–Jozsa_algorithm
American musical group
Elecktroids, NRSB-11, Daughter Produkt and under other monikers such as XOR Gate, Arpanet, Japanese Telecom, Glass Domain and more. in 2011 a documentary
Drexciya
Arithmetic logic circuit
XOR B0) XOR Cin '2dt (dt - delay time) S1 = (A1 XOR B1) XOR ((A0 AND B0) OR ((A0 XOR B0) AND Cin)) '4dt S2 = (A2 XOR B2) XOR ((A1 AND B1) OR ((A1 XOR
Carry-lookahead_adder
Subfield of cryptography
These include techniques such as the free XOR method, which allows for much simpler evaluation of XOR gates, and garbled row reduction, reducing the size
Secure multi-party computation
Secure_multi-party_computation
Creation of a whole that is greater than the simple sum of its parts
individually. For example, consider the logical XOR gate. If Y = X O R ( X 1 , X 2 ) {\displaystyle Y=XOR(X_{1},X_{2})} for three binary variables, the
Synergy
Artificial neural network algorithm
being simulated, the learning rule of the network can be as simple as an XOR gate or mean squared error, or as complex as the result of a system of differential
Learning_rule
Proposed semiconductor implementation of quantum computers
/2} ) results in a square root of swap gate, U s w 1 / 2 . {\displaystyle U_{\rm {sw}}^{1/2}.} The "XOR" gate may be achieved by combining U s w 1 / 2
Spin_qubit_quantum_computer
Arithmetic logic circuit
⊕ b i {\displaystyle p_{i}=a_{i}\oplus b_{i}} are determined using an XOR-gate. When all propagate-conditions are true, then the carry-in bit c 0 {\displaystyle
Carry-skip_adder
Type of error-correcting code using convolution
modulo-2 adders (a modulo 2 adder can be implemented with a single Boolean XOR gate, where the logic is: 0+0 = 0, 0+1 = 1, 1+0 = 1, 1+1 = 0), and n generator
Convolutional_code
Field-programmable semiconductor devices
with active high outputs ("H" series). The "X" series of devices had an XOR gate before the register. There were also similar 24-pin versions of these PALs
Programmable_Array_Logic
2D cellular automaton devised by Brian Silverman in 1987
orthogonal and diagonal. These simple rules can be used to construct logic gates (see below). Entities built within Wireworld universes include Langton's
Wireworld
Topics referred to by the same term
from Mexico; see List of airline codes Jpq, an alternate notation for a XOR gate Jianshan (Chinese: 尖山), a station in Changsha, Hunan province, China, on
JPQ
Type of pseudorandom binary sequence
either 0 or 1, corresponding to the taps of the register that feed the xor gate. For example, the polynomial corresponding to Figure 1 is x 4 + x + 1 {\displaystyle
Maximum_length_sequence
Control panel using electrical patch cords
For the compare function, IBM implemented what would now be called a XOR gate using opposing electromagnets. If neither magnet was energized or both
Plugboard
Integrated circuit behavior verification process
Verification involves design rule check (DRC), layout versus schematic (LVS), XOR (exclusive OR), antenna checks and electrical rule check (ERC). DRC verifies
Physical_verification
Unconventional computer based on a semi-solid chemical "soup"
Costello, Benjamin (2002). "Experimental logical gates in a reaction-diffusion medium: The XOR gate and beyond". Physical Review E. 66 (4) 046112. Bibcode:2002PhRvE
Chemical_computer
Electronic circuit used to multiply binary numbers
compressors; implement the compressors in faster logic (such transmission gate logic, pass transistor logic, domino logic); connect the compressors in a
Binary_multiplier
Operations transforming individual bits of integral data types
expected: 0 Logical XOR passed, was: 0 expected: 0 Logical XOR passed, was: 1 expected: 1 Logical XOR passed, was: 1 expected: 1 Logical XOR passed, was: 0
Bitwise_operations_in_C
In gate-based quantum computing, various sets of quantum logic gates are commonly used to express quantum operations. The following tables list several
List_of_quantum_logic_gates
Process in digital electronics and integrated circuit design
means A ≠ B {\displaystyle A\neq B} . In terms of logical gates, inequality simply means an XOR gate (exclusive or). Therefore, ( A ∧ B ¯ ) ∨ ( A ¯ ∧ B ) ⟺
Logic_optimization
Stream cipher
vector. As an alternative, the XOR-CHAIN based countermeasure was proposed. The technique involves placing XOR gates at random points of the chain. Security
MICKEY
Arithmetic logic circuit
= P01 XOR G30 '2dt S2 = P02 XOR G31 '4dt S3 = P03 XOR G32 '5dt S4 = P04 XOR G33 '6dt S5 = P05 XOR G34 '7dt S6 = P06 XOR G35 '7dt S7 = P07 XOR G36 ''''7dt'''
Kogge–Stone_adder
Arithmetic logic circuit
= P10 XOR G00 '2dt S2 = P20 XOR G11 '4dt S3 = P30 XOR G22 '5dt S4 = P40 XOR G32 '6dt S5 = P50 XOR G43 '7dt S6 = P60 XOR G53 '7dt S7 = P70 XOR G63 '7dt
Brent–Kung_adder
Circuit that performs subtraction
commutative, but the difference bit D {\displaystyle D} is calculated using an XOR gate which is commutative. The truth table for the half subtractor is: Using
Subtractor
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
simple circuit which has state memory and some feedback logic, normally XOR gates. The decoder can be implemented in software or firmware. The Viterbi algorithm
Coding_theory
Aspect of computer CPU design
possible XORs between them: Li=0 and Li-1=0: X0;0;i = S0;i xor C0;i = Ri xor Oi xor (Ri-1 and Oi-1) Li=0 and Li-1=1: X0;1;i = S0;i xor C1;i = Ri xor Oi xor (Ri-1
Sum-addressed_decoder
Japanese anime television series
2023 (2023-12-03) 10 "Unyielding Wish -XOR-" Transliteration: "Yuzurenai Nozomi -XOR-" (Japanese: 譲れない望み -XOR-) December 10, 2023 (2023-12-10) 11 "All
Protocol:_Rain
Type of cellular automaton
Nobili's cellular automaton. The Mukhopadhyay crossing organ comprises three XOR gates, in the arrangement shown. In Nobili cellular automaton, a signal crossing
Nobili_cellular_automata
Method of designing specialized integrated circuits
XOR, XNOR, inverters) or a storage function (flipflop or latch). The simplest cells are direct representations of the elemental NAND, NOR, and XOR Boolean
Standard_cell
Topics referred to by the same term
formerly Orissa, a state of India Or (logic), logical disjunction Exclusive or (XOR), a logical operation Bitwise OR, an operator in computer programming, typically
Or
Number of transistors in a device
(3D-stacked) 16-die, 232-layer V-NAND flash memory chip, with 5.3 trillion floating-gate MOSFETs (3 bits per transistor). The highest transistor count in a single
Transistor_count
Function returning one of only two values
true ("both") OR or disjunction - true when any input is true ("either") XOR or exclusive disjunction - true when one of its inputs is true and the other
Boolean_function
Password-based key derivation function
internal state into P-boxes for n ← 1 to 9 do //xor 64-bit block with a 64-bit salt half block ← block xor saltHalf[(n-1) mod 2] //each iteration alternating
Bcrypt
Block cipher
round := 0 to 15: L := L XOR P[round] R := f(L) XOR R swap values of L and R swap values of L and R R := R XOR P[16] L := L XOR P[17] procedure blowfish_decrypt(L
Blowfish_(cipher)
Failure analysis system used in safety engineering and reliability engineering
≈ 0 An exclusive OR gate with two inputs represents the probability that one or the other input, but not both, occurs: P (A xor B) = P(A) + P(B) - 2P
Fault_tree_analysis
Operation in Boolean circuit theory
satisfaction of each sub-expression enforces the proper operation of a single gate in the input circuit. The satisfaction of the entire output expression thus
Tseytin_transformation
Standardized computer chip nomenclature
subgroup ЛБ that fit neither in ЛА nor in ЛЕ (e.g. 134ЛБ2 with 2 NAND gates and 1 NOT gate). In 1973 expander circuits were moved from subgroup ЛП to subgroup
Soviet integrated circuit designation
Soviet_integrated_circuit_designation
Standard forms of Boolean functions
results. The bottom-up development involves noticing that u = ci XOR (x XOR y), where XOR means eXclusive OR [true when either input is true but not when
Canonical_normal_form
Pictogram used to represent various electrical and electronic devices or functions
have a second inverted Q output too. Buffer Inverter (NOT) AND NAND OR NOR XOR XNOR The above logic symbols may have additional I/O variations too: 1) schmitt
Electronic_symbol
components set up as logic element circuit groups such as NAND gates, NOR gates, XOR gates, flip flops, monostables, multivibrators, etc. Once tested, the
KG-13
Efficient hardware implementation of a digital multiplier
layer, whereas Dadda multipliers try to minimize the required number of gates by postponing the reduction to the upper layers. Wallace multipliers were
Wallace_tree
Swedish engineer and inventor (1869–1928)
Designing electromechanical equivalents of delay shift registers and XOR gates. Damm´s strength lay in his ideas and clever constructions while his mechanical
Arvid_Gerhard_Damm
Type of artificial neural network
having a tunable natural frequency, has been shown able to run logic gates such as XOR that conventional sigmoid neurons cannot. "Physicists train the oscillatory
Oscillatory_neural_network
Logical connective AND
but rather that each color is a part of the flag. And-inverter graph AND gate Bitwise AND Boolean algebra Boolean conjunctive query Boolean domain Boolean
Logical_conjunction
Hardware description language
the gate is set to "hold". In the example below the "pass-through" level of the gate would be when the value of the if clause is true, i.e. gate = 1.
Verilog
Encryption technique
July 22, 1919, U.S. Patent 1,310,719 was issued to Gilbert Vernam for the XOR operation used for the encryption of a one-time pad. One-time use came later
One-time_pad
Group of logic families in electronics
transistors in fully complementary CMOS logic. XOR has the worst-case Karnaugh map—if implemented from simple gates, it requires more transistors than any other
Pass_transistor_logic
Classic NP-complete problem in computer science
simulate the universal NAND gate. Finally, since three NANDs can be composed intersection-free to implement an XOR, and since XOR is enough to build a crossover
Circuit satisfiability problem
Circuit_satisfiability_problem
Combinational digital circuit
AND when "110" => Y <= A or B; -- bitwise OR when "111" => Y <= A xor B; -- bitwise XOR when others => Y <= (others => 'X'); end case; end behavioral; Mathematician
Arithmetic_logic_unit
Electrical circuit with active components
transistors, interconnected to create logic gates that provide the functions of Boolean logic: AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR and combinations thereof. Transistors
Electronic_circuit
Type of cipher
beginning and the end, the data is modified with key material (often with XOR): M 0 = M ⊕ K 0 {\displaystyle M_{0}=M\oplus K_{0}} M i = R K i ( M i − 1
Block_cipher
Algebraic manipulation of "true" and "false"
which 1 + 1 = 0. Addition and multiplication then play the Boolean roles of XOR (exclusive-or) and AND (conjunction), respectively, with disjunction x ∨
Boolean_algebra
List of symbols used to express logical relations
mathematical symbols Logic alphabet, a suggested set of logical symbols Logic gate § Symbols Logical connective Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode
List_of_logic_symbols
Digital circuit implementation method
-bit numbers. The carry-select adder is simple but rather fast, having a gate level depth of O ( n ) {\displaystyle O({\sqrt {n}})} . The carry-select
Carry-select_adder
Card game
LLC in 2009. The deck consists of 64 cards: 48 "Gate" cards using three Boolean operators AND, OR, and XOR 8 OR cards resolving to 1 8 OR cards resolving
Booleo
Logical operation
or NAND ("not and"). In digital electronics, it corresponds to the NAND gate. It is named after Henry Maurice Sheffer and written as ∣ {\displaystyle
Sheffer_stroke
Digital copy protection
done by a stream cipher. Each decoded pixel is encrypted by applying an XOR operation with a 24-bit number produced by a generator. The HDCP specifications
High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection
High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection
Concept in mathematical logic
express NOT. A gate (or set of gates) that is functionally complete can also be called a universal gate (or a universal set of gates). In a context of
Functional_completeness
Arithmetic in a field with a finite number of elements
Euclidean algorithm. A particular case is GF(2), where addition is exclusive OR (XOR) and multiplication is AND. Since the only invertible element is 1, division
Finite_field_arithmetic
Computers using chaotic systems
lowest level as logic gates. There are essentially seven basic logic functions implemented as logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR. A chaotic
Chaos_computing
XOR GATE
XOR GATE
Biblical
fountain, eye of generation, or of habitation
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Malaysian, Urdu
Eyes
Girl/Female
Biblical
Who conceives, or shows, a hill.
Biblical
generation, habitation
Girl/Female
Australian, Biblical
Who Conceives; Shows; A Hill
Boy/Male
Egyptian Norse Swedish Arthurian Legend Irish Scandinavian Scottish
King.
Girl/Female
Irish Gaelic Celtic
Great.
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Theodoros, TÓDOR means "gift of God."
Girl/Female
Norse
An omniscient goddess.
Biblical
who conceives, or shows; a hill
Boy/Male
British, English
Heavy
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Parsi
Bright; Fair; White; Wild; Grave; Desert
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek GabriÄ“l, GÃBOR means "man of God" or "warrior of God."
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Mongolian Baatar, BÃTOR means "warrior."
Female
Egyptian
, the mother of Hor-naskht.
Male
Scandinavian
 Scandinavian form of Old Norse Þórr, TOR means "Thor" or "thunder." Compare with other forms of Tor.
Female
Hebrew
(דּï‹×¨) Variant spelling of Hebrew unisex Dowr, DOR means "generation" or "period of time." In the bible, this is the name of a coastal city in Manasseh, south of Carmel.
Male
Portuguese
Galician-Portuguese form of Latin Johannes, XOÃN means "God is gracious."
Boy/Male
Norse
Father of Odin.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Fountain, eye of generation, or of habitation.
XOR GATE
XOR GATE
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord of mind
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
Attendant
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian, Kannada
Turban
Boy/Male
German
Ruling raven.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
God Shiva's Helper
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
A Dove; A Ringed Turtle Dove
Boy/Male
Tamil
Divine
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
Name of a king.
Boy/Male
Australian, Polish
God has Helped
Girl/Female
American, Australian, French, Latin
Famous in Battle
XOR GATE
XOR GATE
XOR GATE
XOR GATE
XOR GATE
prep.
Indicating that in the character of or as being which anything is regarded or treated; to be, or as being.
v. t.
To make a fool of; to deceive.
prep.
Indicating that toward which the action of anything is directed, or the point toward which motion is made; /ntending to go to.
prep.
Indicating the antecedent cause or occasion of an action; the motive or inducement accompanying and prompting to an act or state; the reason of anything; that on account of which a thing is or is done.
conj.
A negative connective or particle, introducing the second member or clause of a negative proposition, following neither, or not, in the first member or clause (as or in affirmative propositions follows either). Nor is also used sometimes in the first member for neither, and sometimes the neither is omitted and implied by the use of nor.
prep.
Indicating the remoter and indirect object of an act; the end or final cause with reference to which anything is, acts, serves, or is done.
conj.
Since; because; introducing a reason of something before advanced, a cause, motive, explanation, justification, or the like, of an action related or a statement made. It is logically nearly equivalent to since, or because, but connects less closely, and is sometimes used as a very general introduction to something suggested by what has gone before.
prep.
In the most general sense, indicating that in consideration of, in view of, or with reference to, which anything is done or takes place.
n.
A tower; a turret.
n.
A large European scaraboid beetle (Geotrupes stercorarius), which makes a droning noise while flying. The name is also applied to allied American species, as the June bug. Called also dorr, dorbeetle, or dorrbeetle, dorbug, dorrfly, and buzzard clock.
n.
A trick, joke, or deception.
conj.
Because; by reason that; for that; indicating, in Old English, the reason of anything.
n.
High-pointed hill; a rocky pinnacle.
prep.
Indicating that in prevention of which, or through fear of which, anything is done.
prep.
Indicating the space or time through which an action or state extends; hence, during; in or through the space or time of.
prep.
Indicating that in favor of which, or in promoting which, anything is, or is done; hence, in behalf of; in favor of; on the side of; -- opposed to against.
prep.
Indicating that on place of or instead of which anything acts or serves, or that to which a substitute, an equivalent, a compensation, or the like, is offered or made; instead of, or place of.
prep.
Indicating that instead of which something else controls in the performing of an action, or that in spite of which anything is done, occurs, or is; hence, equivalent to notwithstanding, in spite of; -- generally followed by all, aught, anything, etc.
n.
One who takes, or that which is said on, the affrimative side; that which is said in favor of some one or something; -- the antithesis of against, and commonly used in connection with it.