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Natural organic compounds derived from a [C(O)–CH2] chain
In organic chemistry, polyketides are a class of natural products derived from a precursor molecule consisting of a chain of alternating ketone (>C=O
Polyketide
Family of multi-domain enzymes that produce polyketides
Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are a family of multi-domain enzymes or enzyme complexes that produce polyketides, a large class of secondary metabolites
Polyketide_synthase
Species of bacterium
isolated from cultures of S. rimosus. Streptomyces rimosus's oxytetracycline polyketide synthase acyl carrier protein differs from most ACPs by having a C-terminus
Streptomyces_rimosus
also known as the polyketide pathway, is a fundamental biosynthetic route in organisms for the production of fatty acids and polyketides. This pathway operates
Acetate_pathway
Antibiotic
class of aromatic polyketide antibiotics, also known as bacterial aromatic polyketides, produced by Streptomyces via type II polyketide synthases (PKSs)
Oxytetracycline
Chemical compound
produced by Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae. Colibactin is a polyketide peptide that can form inter-strand crosslinks in DNA. Colibactin forms
Colibactin
instructions of microbes for making natural product polyketides. Rearranging the modular units in natural polyketide synthases, combining modules from different
Kosan_Biosciences
Chemical compound
Borrelidin is an 18-membered polyketide macrolide derived from several Streptomyces species. First discovered in 1949 from Streptomyces rochei, Borrelidin
Borrelidin
Type of organic compound
into four major classes: terpenes, phenylpropanoids (i.e. phenolics), polyketides, and alkaloids. Terpenes constitute a large class of natural products
Secondary_metabolite
Secondary metabolides
biosynthesis of nonribosomal peptides shares characteristics with the polyketide and fatty acid biosynthesis. Due to these structural and mechanistic similarities
Nonribosomal_peptide
Pharmaceutical drug
polyketide are in RapC. Then, the linear polyketide is modified by the NRPS, RapP, which attaches L-pipecolate to the terminal end of the polyketide,
Sirolimus
Chemical compound
either from type ll polyketide or shikimate pathways. This claim was not disputed until a key intermediate exclusive to the polyketide pathway was isolated
Carminic_acid
Species of bacterium
isolated from soil. Streptomyces resistomycificus produces the pentacyclic polyketide resistomycin. List of Streptomyces species LPSN bacterio.net UniProt Deutsche
Streptomyces_resistomycificus
Chemical compound
17C polyketide monic acid and the 9C fatty acid 9-hydroxy-nonanoic acid. The possibility that the entire molecule is assembled as a single polyketide with
Mupirocin
Drugs to treat parasitic worms and insect pests
of avermectin production: 1) production of the avermectin aglycon by polyketide synthases, 2) modification of the aglycon, 3) synthesis of modified sugars
Avermectin
Chemical compound
ω−3), Marine bacteria and the microalgae Schizochytrium use an anerobic polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway to synthesize DHA. The PKS pathway includes six
Eicosapentaenoic_acid
synthases and to Type I polyketide synthesis. But, in contrast to fatty acid synthesis, the keto groups of the growing polyketide chain are not modified
Biosynthesis_of_doxorubicin
Family of proteins
Aromatic polyketides are assembled by a type II (iterative) polyketide synthase in bacteria. Iterative type II polyketide syntheses produce polyketide chains
Polyketide synthesis cyclase family
Polyketide_synthesis_cyclase_family
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, a 6-methylsalicylic-acid synthase (EC 2.3.1.165) is a polyketide synthase that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
6-methylsalicylic-acid synthase
6-methylsalicylic-acid_synthase
Polyketide product
Chlorotonil A is a polyketide natural product produced by the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum So ce1525. It displays antimalarial activity in an animal
Chlorotonil_A
Class of enzymes
{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 2 CoA + 4-hydroxycoumarin + CO2 This polyketide synthase can also accept benzoyl-CoA as substrate. Liu B, Raeth T, Beuerle
4-Hydroxycoumarin_synthase
Antifungal and antiparasitaric chemical compound
from sixteen 'C2' acetate and three 'C3' propionate units by polyketide syntheses. Polyketide biosynthesis begins with the decarboxylative condensation of
Amphotericin_B
Chemical compound
Muironolide A is a tetrachloro polyketide discovered in 200 that has two unusual structural details: a hexahydro-1H-isoindolone-triketide ring and a trichlorocarbinol
Muironolide_A
Cofactor of both fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis
a family of protein cofactors that participate in fatty acid (acyl), polyketide (acyl and aryl), and nonribosomal peptide (peptidyl) biosynthesis. The
Acyl_carrier_protein
Chemical compound
plants as secondary metabolites. The enzyme chalcone synthase, a type III polyketide synthase, is responsible for the biosynthesis of these compounds. The
Chalcone
Genus of single-celled organisms
in Schizochytrium occurs via a Polyketide synthase (PKS)-based pathway, although the primary structures of the Polyketide synthases do not conform to any
Schizochytrium
the family of transferases, it has been identified as part of a Type 1 polyketide synthase module. DEBS is found in Saccharopolyspora erythraea and other
Erythronolide_synthase
Energy-carrying molecule in living cells
Proteins Glycoproteins & proteoglycans Chlorophylls MEP MVA Acetyl -CoA Polyketides Terpenoid backbones Terpenoids & carotenoids (vitamin A) Cholesterol
Adenosine_triphosphate
Species of bacterium
bacterium in the genus Kytococcus. It is known for the production of polyketide antibiotics as well as for its role as an opportunistic pathogen. It is
Kytococcus_sedentarius
Chemical compound
Fostriecin is a type I polyketide synthase (PKS) derived natural product, originally isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces pulveraceus. It belongs
Fostriecin
Species of fungus
large cigar shaped necrotic lesions that develop on the leaves due to the polyketide metabolite monocerin. Races of S. turcica are named for the maize R genes
Setosphaeria_turcica
Tylactone synthase or TYLS is a Type 1 polyketide synthase. TYLS is found in strains of Streptomyces fradiae and responsible for the synthesis of the macrolide
Tylactone_synthase
Chemical compound
still up for debate. It plays a key role in fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, fatty acid oxidation via CPT1, the
Malonyl-CoA
Species of beetle
with a strain of the Burkholderia gladioli bacterium, which produces a polyketide that protects the beetle's eggs against fungal and also bacterial infections
Lagria_villosa
British biological chemist (1957–2020)
Arts degree in Natural Sciences in 1979 followed by PhD on the topic of polyketide biosynthesis for research supervised by James Staunton in 1982. Abell
Chris_Abell
Chemical compound
cholesterol. In 1982, some small-scale clinical investigations of lovastatin, a polyketide-derived natural product isolated from Aspergillus terreus, in very high-risk
Lovastatin
Chemical compound
iterative polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway. This type I PKS loads Acetyl-CoA and then repeatedly adds a total of seven Malonyl-CoAs. The growing polyketide is
Calicheamicin
Study of phytochemicals, which are chemicals derived from plants
grouped into four major biosynthetic classes: alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, polyketides, and terpenoids. Phytochemistry can be considered a subfield of botany
Phytochemistry
Chemical compound
Xanthohumol is a prenylated chalconoid, biosynthesized by a type III polyketide synthase (PKS) and subsequent modifying enzymes. Xanthohumol is a prenylated
Xanthohumol
Antifungal medication
genomic sequence of nystatin reveals the presence of the polyketide loading module (nysA), six polyketide syntheses modules (nysB, nysC, nysI, nysJ, and nysK)
Nystatin
Chemical compound
protein phosphatases, and has a variety of negative effects on cells. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, okadaic acid and other members
Okadaic_acid
Chemical compound
constituent of the Cannabis plant. It is also a meroterpenoid (i.e. a polyketide and a terpenoid), a member of resorcinols and a phytocannabinoid. It derives
Cannabigerolic_acid
Substance of biological origin that is soluble in nonpolar solvents
glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, saccharolipids, and polyketides (derived from condensation of ketoacyl subunits); and sterol lipids and
Lipid
Class of natural products
usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides belong to the polyketide class of natural products. Some macrolides have antibiotic or antifungal
Macrolide
Species of fungus
roquefortine C, shikimic acid, griseofulvin, and 6-Methylsalicylic acid (via a polyketide synthase). Penicillium griseofulvum occurs on cereals and nuts. Fletcher
Penicillium_griseofulvum
Toxic chemicals synthesized by algae
Euglenoidea Polyketide Karlotoxin Karlodinium veneficum Dinophyceae Polyketide / Polyether Karmitoxin Karlodinium armiger Dinophyceae Polyketide / Polyether
Phycotoxin
Chemical compound
Gladiolin is a polyketide natural product produced by Burkholderia gladioli BCC0238. It was found to be a novel macrolide antibiotic which presented an
Gladiolin
Species of true bug
anticancer effects. It was suggested that lac insects employ polyketide pathway catalysed by polyketide synthase to produce laccaic acid D, a common precursor
Kerria_lacca
Chemical compound
Swinholides are dimeric 42 carbon-ring polyketides that exhibit a 2-fold axis of symmetry. Found mostly in the marine sponge Theonella, swinholides encompass
Swinholide
Organic compounds with three C=O groups
are of practical importance as intermediates in the biosynthesis of polyketides. These natural products are a major source of antibiotics. Diketone Fischbach
Triketone
Class of enzymes
(CHS) is an enzyme ubiquitous to higher plants and belongs to a family of polyketide synthase enzymes (PKS) known as type III PKS. Type III PKSs are associated
Chalcone_synthase
Catalyst for a key step in fatty acid synthesis
and type II polyketide synthesis, or as domains in large multidomain enzymes, such as type I fatty acid synthases (FASs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs)
Ketoacyl_synthase
Chemical compound
assembly of the a linear polyketide by use of seven modules and incorporation of six methylmalonyl CoAs and one malonyl CoA by polyketide synthases (type I PKSs)
Codinaeopsin
Chemical compound
Sanglifehrin A is a polyketide natural product found to potently inhibit cyclophilins and have immunosuppressive activity. Isolation and characterisation
Sanglifehrin
Process of releasing energy from nutrients using inorganic electron acceptors
Proteins Glycoproteins & proteoglycans Chlorophylls MEP MVA Acetyl -CoA Polyketides Terpenoid backbones Terpenoids & carotenoids (vitamin A) Cholesterol
Cellular_respiration
Informal group of fungi
by engineered yeast, including phenolics, isoprenoids, alkaloids, and polyketides. About 20% of biopharmaceuticals are produced in S. cerevisiae, including
Yeast
Indian biochemist and chemical engineer
focused on two realms: the first is to build a molecular understanding of polyketide synthases, and the second is focused on the biochemistry of celiac disease
Chaitan_Khosla
Chemical compound
Uvaricin is a bis(tetrahydrofuranoid) fatty acid lactone that was first isolated in 1982 from the roots of the Annonaceae Uvaria acuminata. Uvaricin was
Uvaricin
Category of polyphenol compound
catalyzed by polyketide synthase. Chain extension of 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA with three molecules of malonyl-CoA gives initially a polyketide (figure), which
Flavan-3-ol
Species of protist
matrix. This algae species is capable of producing a variety of bioactive polyketide natural products such as ciguatoxin with characteristic fused-ring cyclic
Gambierdiscus_toxicus
Chemical in plants
of p-coumarate. Entering the flavone synthesis pathway, the type III polyketide synthase enzyme chalcone synthase uses consecutive condensations of three
Apigenin
Organic compound of the form R–CH(OH)–CHR–C(=O)–R
Yellow SS. Aldols are also used as intermediates in the synthesis of polyketide natural products and drugs such as Oseltamivir and Epothilone. Aldol reactions
Aldol
Species of sponge
to bio and organic chemists because it produces (+)-discodermolide, a polyketide natural product with immunosuppressive and cancer killing properties.
Discodermia_dissoluta
Metabolic pathway
Proteins Glycoproteins & proteoglycans Chlorophylls MEP MVA Acetyl -CoA Polyketides Terpenoid backbones Terpenoids & carotenoids (vitamin A) Cholesterol
Oxidative_phosphorylation
Canadian chemist
Vederas, John C.; Hutchinson, C. Richard (21 May 1999). "Modulation of Polyketide Synthase Activity by Accessory Proteins During Lovastatin Biosynthesis"
Karine_Auclair
Transfer of genes from unrelated organisms
PMID 34201951. Chen H, Du L (2016-01-01). "Iterative polyketide biosynthesis by modular polyketide synthases in bacteria". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Horizontal_gene_transfer
Species of fungus
produces viridicatumtoxin and griseofulvin, two structurally interesting polyketides. List of Penicillium species MycoBank "Straininfo of Penicillium aethiopicum"
Penicillium_aethiopicum
Antibiotic
tailor the polyketide using malonyl-CoA, methylmalonyl-CoA, and ethylmalonyl-CoA. The final thioesterase domain hydrolyzes the polyketide to form the
Fidaxomicin
Chemical compound
biosynthesized from a hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway. Pyoluteorin was first isolated in the 1950s from
Pyoluteorin
Group of chemical compounds
Ansamycins is a family of bacterial secondary metabolites that show antimicrobial activity against many Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria,
Ansamycin
Linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell
Proteins Glycoproteins & proteoglycans Chlorophylls MEP MVA Acetyl -CoA Polyketides Terpenoid backbones Terpenoids & carotenoids (vitamin A) Cholesterol
Metabolic_pathway
Chemical compound
cluster is well characterized. Jadomycin biosynthesis encompasses type II polyketide synthase (T2Pks) assembly to generate the angucycline component, and a
Jadomycin
Non-essential metabolic compounds and processes within plants
Resveratrol Polyacetylenes, fatty acids and waxes Without nitrogen 1500 Polyketides Without nitrogen 750 Carbohydrates and organic acids Without nitrogen
Plant_secondary_metabolism
Class of enzymes
thousands of specialized metabolites, including waxes, sterols, and polyketides. ATP citrate lyase is the primary enzyme responsible for the synthesis
ATP_citrate_synthase
synthase (EC 2.3.1.177) is an enzyme that catalyzes a biosynthesis of the polyketide, 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl, from one unit of benzoyl-CoA and three of malonyl-CoA
Biphenyl_synthase
Immunosuppressive drug
Protopic. The biosynthesis of tacrolimus is hybrid synthesis of both type 1 polyketide synthases (PKS 1) and nonribosomal peptide syntheses (NRPS). The research
Tacrolimus
Chemical compound
particularly important in metabolic pathways that generate precursors for polyketide synthesis and other secondary metabolites. Post-translational modification
Crotonyl-CoA
Covalent bond between amino acids in a protein chain
Biology of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases". Nonribosomal Peptide and Polyketide Biosynthesis. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1401. pp. 3–29. doi:10
Peptide_bond
Chemical compound
Apratoxin family of cytotoxins. The mixed peptide-polyketide natural product comes from a polyketide synthase/non-ribosomal peptide synthase pathway (PKS/NRPS)
Apratoxin_A
Short chains of 2–50 amino acids
system is closely related to the machinery for building fatty acids and polyketides, hybrid compounds are often found. The presence of oxazoles or thiazoles
Peptide
Organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groups
"Nonproteinogenic amino acid building blocks for nonribosomal peptide and hybrid polyketide scaffolds". Angewandte Chemie (International ed. In English). 52 (28):
Amino_acid
Chemical compound
Paederus Beetle Archived 2011-06-09 at the Wayback Machine Piel J (2002). "A polyketide synthase-peptide synthetase gene cluster from an uncultured bacterial
Pederin
Chemical compound
receptor TAS2R50. The biphenylcarboxylic acid moiety is biosynthesized by a polyketide-type pathway, with three units of acetyl-CoA and one unit of 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
Amarogentin
Topics referred to by the same term
fraternity Parkes Catalogue of Radio Sources, an astronomical catalogue Polyketide synthases, a family of enzymes Prosperous Justice Party (Partai Keadilan
PKS
Chemical compound
suspected to utilize phenylpropanoid pathway and produce putative type III polyketide synthase products based on the research of 6-gingerol biosynthesis by
Gingerol
Species of bacterium
related to known natural products. It is believed to be synthesized through polyketide synthase and halogenase enzymes. Myxobacterial genomes typically have
Enhygromyxa
Chemical reaction
last step. Aldol condensation Stobbe condensation Fatty acid synthesis Polyketide synthase Dieckmann condensation Carey, F. A. (2006). Organic Chemistry
Claisen_condensation
Biological synthesis and degradation of lipids
Proteins Glycoproteins & proteoglycans Chlorophylls MEP MVA Acetyl -CoA Polyketides Terpenoid backbones Terpenoids & carotenoids (vitamin A) Cholesterol
Lipid_metabolism
Minor cannabinoid
hexanoyl-CoA onto a polyketide synthase assembly protein and subsequent condensation with three molecules of malonyl-CoA. This polyketide is cyclized to olivetolic
Cannabigerol
Chemical compound
malonyl-CoA, a substrate required for synthesis of flavonoids and related polyketides, for elongation of fatty acids to produce waxes, cuticle, and seed oils
Acetyl-CoA
Chemical compound
MKN28, K562, and KB. Like many macrocyclic polyketides, quinolidomicin A1 is biosynthesized by type-I polyketide synthases. Decarboxylative condensations
Quinolidomicin
Chemical compound
a macrocyclic polyketide that is synthesized by a Type I polyketide synthase. The genes gelA, gelB, and gelC encode for the polyketide synthase. The PKS
Geldanamycin
Chemical compound
Butyrolactol A is a polyketide featuring a tert-butyl group linked to a long hydrophobic carbon chain followed by 8 polyol groups. It is one of a number
Butyrolactol_A
Topics referred to by the same term
previously presented Priming beta-ketosynthase in chemistry, a domain of polyketide synthases with a thiol group on a cysteine side-chain The process by which
Priming
Species of bacterium
"Amphotericin biosynthesis in Streptomyces nodosus: Deductions from analysis of polyketide synthase and late genes". Chemistry & Biology. 8 (7): 713–723. doi:10
Streptomyces_nodosus
Topics referred to by the same term
a method of processing streamed data Ketoacyl synthase, a domain of polyketide synthases with a thiol group on a cysteine side-chain kilosample (kS)
KS
Malettinins are polyketide-derived antimicrobial compounds produced by fungal ascomycetes in the genus Hypoxylon. Angawi, Rihab F.; Swenson, Dale C.; Gloer
Malettinin
Chemical compound
Sterigmatocystin is a polyketide mycotoxin produced by certain species of Aspergillus. The toxin is naturally found in some cheeses. Sterigmatocystin is
Sterigmatocystin
Breakdown of glycogen
Proteins Glycoproteins & proteoglycans Chlorophylls MEP MVA Acetyl -CoA Polyketides Terpenoid backbones Terpenoids & carotenoids (vitamin A) Cholesterol
Glycogenolysis
American biochemist
on the biosynthesis of natural products, particularly terpenoids and polyketides. He was elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement
David_E._Cane
POLYKETIDE
POLYKETIDE
POLYKETIDE
POLYKETIDE
Female
English
Pet form of English Jennifer, JENAE means "white and smooth."
Biblical
the offering or lifting up
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from any of a group of Middle English personal names, Alfrey, Aufrey, and Alfreth, the origins of which are confused. They almost certainly include some cases of Alfred, but other Old English names may have contributed too, in particular Æ{dh}elfri{dh} ‘noble peace’ and Ælfrīc (see Aubrey).
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Name of the Father of Anas and Munis whom the Prophet PBUH Sent as Scouts to Watch Quraysh Movements at Badr
Male
Native American
Native American Hopi name CHOCHOKPI means "throne for the clouds."
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Lord of Shiva
Boy/Male
English American Anglo Saxon French
Prosperous protector.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Wise, Clean
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sai Suria | ஸாஈ ஸà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾Â
Flower
Boy/Male
Indian
Commodities
POLYKETIDE
POLYKETIDE
POLYKETIDE
POLYKETIDE
POLYKETIDE