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See searches and references containing PREVALENCE EFFECT!PREVALENCE EFFECT
Phenomenon that infrequent targets are easily missed
psychology, the prevalence effect is the phenomenon that one is more likely to miss (or fail to detect) a target with a low prevalence (or frequency) than
Prevalence_effect
Number of disease cases in a given population at a specific time
In epidemiology, prevalence is the proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition (typically a disease or a risk factor
Prevalence
Overview of international circumcision rates
The prevalence of circumcision is the percentage of males in a given population who have been circumcised, with the procedure most commonly being performed
Prevalence_of_circumcision
Gebremichael; Aro, Arja R. (2012). "Female genital mutilation: prevalence, perceptions and effect on women's health in Kersa district of Ethiopia". International
Prevalence of female genital mutilation
Prevalence_of_female_genital_mutilation
Hypothesis that human replicas elicit revulsion
animation and predominantly by artificial intelligence. The increasing prevalence of digital technologies (e.g., virtual reality, augmented reality, and
Uncanny_valley
20th-century rise in intelligence test scores
US states found that states with a higher prevalence of infectious diseases had lower average IQ. The effect remained after controlling for the effects
Flynn_effect
Percentage of population smoking tobacco
Prevalence of tobacco use is reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), which focuses on cigarette smoking due to reported data limitations. Smoking
Prevalence_of_tobacco_use
Statistical measure of the magnitude of a phenomenon
In statistics, an effect size is a quantitative measure of the magnitude and often direction of a phenomenon. It can refer to the value of a statistic
Effect_size
Loss of genetic variation in a new population
[citation needed] Due in part to the founder effect, however, the disease has a much higher prevalence in children of Amish, Mennonite, and Jewish descent
Founder_effect
Repatterned modes of perception after devotion to an activity
The Tetris effect occurs when someone dedicates substantial time, effort, and concentration to an activity and thereby alters their thoughts, dreams, and
Tetris_effect
False credibility due to quantity of citations
trafficking. They describe and map the unfolding of the Woozle effect in connection with prevalence estimates of human trafficking. Searching the relevant literature
Woozle_effect
Prevalence of different types of sexual orientation
completely homosexual. An analysis of 67 studies found that the lifetime prevalence of sex between men (regardless of orientation) was 3–5% for East Asia
Demographics of sexual orientation
Demographics_of_sexual_orientation
Cognitive bias
2011; Flemming et al., 2012; Drayton et al., 2013); (2) the prevalence and size of the effect for a specific item tends to be greater in circumstances where
Endowment_effect
Unforeseen outcomes of an action
may also lead to a rise in the prevalence of waterborne diseases such as schistosomiasis. Perverse result: an effect contrary to what was originally
Unintended_consequences
Bayesian diagnostic threshold derived from the geometry of screening curves
Prevalence threshold is a mathematical concept in Bayesian statistics, diagnostic test interpretation, and screening theory. It denotes a distinguished
Prevalence_threshold
(ASD). A 2022 systematic review of global prevalence of autism spectrum disorders found a median prevalence of 1% in children in studies published from
Epidemiology_of_autism
Psychological pattern
Eleventh Revision (ICD-11). Thus, clinicians lack information on the prevalence, comorbidities, and best practices for assessing and treating impostor
Impostor_syndrome
Cognitive bias relating to mis-estimating success based on perceived difficulty
The hard–easy effect is a cognitive bias that manifests itself as a tendency to overestimate the probability of one's success at a task perceived as hard
Hard–easy_effect
Phenomenon of poets being more susceptible to mental illness
The Sylvia Plath effect is the phenomenon that poets are more susceptible to mental illness than other creative writers. The term was coined in 2001 by
Sylvia_Plath_effect
Attributional type of cognitive bias
and prevalence of the false consensus effect contingent on cultural context. Broadly, research has found differences in the false consensus effect on the
False_consensus_effect
Development of a mechanized state of mind
effect of different stressful situations on the Einstellung effect. Overall, these experiments show that stressful situations increase the prevalence
Einstellung_effect
Shopping practice
having a good online presence can help to influence in-store sales. The ROPO effect allows companies that advertise to calculate their overall return on investment
Research online, purchase offline
Research_online,_purchase_offline
Incorrect perception of others' beliefs
formed. Related phenomena, such as the spiral of silence and false consensus effect, demonstrate that pluralistic ignorance is not unique in its inaccurate
Pluralistic_ignorance
Inability to focus on distant objects
myopia prevalence in the U.S., and found the prevalence in persons aged 12–54 was 25%. Using the same method, in 1999–2004, myopia prevalence was estimated
Myopia
Functional gastrointestinal disorder
affected by IBS. The prevalence varies according to country (from 1.1% to 45.0%) and criteria used to define IBS; the average global prevalence is 11.2%. It is
Irritable_bowel_syndrome
Type of brachymetatarsia affecting the big toe
surgically. Morton's toe is a minority variant of foot shape. Its recorded prevalence varies in different populations, with estimates from 2.95% to 22%. A study
Morton's_toe
Type of study based on universal sampling
cross-sectional study (also known as a cross-sectional analysis, transverse study, prevalence study) is a type of research design that analyzes data from a population
Cross-sectional_study
Higher prevalence of mistreatment by stepparents
In evolutionary psychology, the Cinderella effect describes the phenomenon of a higher incidence of child abuse and mistreatment by stepparents than biological
Cinderella_effect
Medical condition caused by receiving too little or too many nutrients
analysis of the prevalence of chronic undernutrition among under-five children in East Africa was identified to be 33.3%. This prevalence of undernutrition
Malnutrition
Pattern-recognition performance metrics
condition's Prevalence: Accuracy = (Prevalence × Sensitivity) + ((1 - Prevalence) × Specificity). Williams, Christopher K. I. (2021-04-01). "The Effect of Class
Precision_and_recall
Surgical procedure for male sterilization
vasectomy use and only Eswatini, Botswana, and South Africa exceed 0.1% prevalence. In North America and Europe vasectomy usage is on the order of 10% with
Vasectomy
Decrease in genetic traits deemed desirable
Dysgenics refers to any decrease in the prevalence of traits deemed to be either socially desirable or generally adaptive to their environment due to selective
Dysgenics
Statistical bias
The term relative age effect (RAE), also known as birthdate effect or birth date effect, is used to describe a bias, evident in the upper echelons of
Relative_age_effect
Phenomenon of lower life expectancy and poor health in Glasgow, Scotland
The Glasgow effect is a socially constructed theory that describes the unexplained lower life expectancy of residents of Glasgow, specifically when compared
Glasgow_effect
Population phenomenon in biology
The Allee effect is a phenomenon in biology characterized by a correlation between population size or density and the mean individual fitness (often measured
Allee_effect
Medical condition
several studies suggest that CU is relatively common, with reported prevalence rates ranging from 5% to 20% among urticaria case (depending on locale
Cholinergic_urticaria
American cognitive scientist
diagnostic radiology. In these contexts, Wolfe has examined the "low prevalence effect," a phenomenon where observers are more likely to miss targets that
Jeremy_M._Wolfe
Cognitive bias
above-average effect, the superiority bias, the leniency error, the sense of relative superiority, the primus inter pares effect, and the Lake Wobegon effect, named
Illusory_superiority
Disorder affecting learning arithmetic
difficulties with time, measurement, and spatial reasoning. Estimates of the prevalence of dyscalculia range between three and six percent of the population.
Dyscalculia
Theory of sexual orientation
PMID 31802291. Bogaert, Anthony F. (2004-09-07). "The prevalence of male homosexuality: the effect of fraternal birth order and variations in family size"
Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation
Fraternal_birth_order_and_male_sexual_orientation
Cognitive bias on facial recognition
One method researchers have suggested to help mollify the prevalence of the cross race effect is through application of the contact hypothesis. Accurate
Cross-race_effect
Iron fish, heated when cooking food, used against iron deficiency
countries where the majority of anaemia is not due to iron deficiency and the prevalence of genetic hemoglobin disorders is high. About 60% of pregnant Cambodian
Lucky_iron_fish
Mental disorder
meta-analysis estimated the global prevalence of BDD in the general population to be approximately 17%. Prevalence estimates vary by world region, with
Body_dysmorphic_disorder
Type of cognitive bias
The rhyme-as-reason effect, sometimes erroneously known as the Eaton–Rosen phenomenon, is a cognitive bias where sayings or aphorisms are perceived as
Rhyme-as-reason_effect
Children's psychology term in China
The little emperors (or little emperor effect) is an aspect or view of the People's Republic of China's one-child policy. It occurs where children of the
Little_emperor_syndrome
Hypothesized effect of blood lead levels on criminal behavior
robust.[citation needed] The international process of trying to lower the prevalence of lead has been largely spearheaded by the Partnership for Clean Fuels
Lead–crime_hypothesis
Statistical measures of whether a finding is likely to be true
not intrinsic to the test—it depends also on the prevalence. Due to the large effect of prevalence upon predictive values, a standardized approach has
Positive and negative predictive values
Positive_and_negative_predictive_values
Economic theory
The added worker effect refers to an increase in the labor supply of married women when their husbands become unemployed. Underlying the theory is the
Added_worker_effect
Type of psychological manipulation
Manipulation and the Assault on the American Mind, the authors contend that the prevalence of gaslighting in American politics began with the age of modern communications:
Gaslighting
Reporting of a rape where no rape has occurred
of sexual assault allegations. Despite many attempts to estimate the prevalence of false rape allegations, reliable evidence is scarce, and estimates
False_accusation_of_rape
Group of endocrine diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels
already risen beyond earlier projections of 783 million adults by 2045. The prevalence of the disease continues to increase, most dramatically in low-middle
Diabetes
Railway trackbed planted with grass or other vegetation
air pollution, rainwater runoff mitigation, and reduced urban heat island effect. The first green tracks were installed in 1905 along Hardenbergstraße [de]
Green_track
Sexual attraction to more than one gender
of these questions make up the score. Scientific estimates as to the prevalence of bisexuality have varied from 0.7 to 8 percent. The Janus Report on
Bisexuality
Logic error due to ignoring the base rate
of fallacy in which people tend to ignore the base rate (e.g., general prevalence) in favor of the information pertaining only to a specific case. Base
Base_rate_fallacy
Behavioral theory
could explain the failure of condom distribution programs to reverse HIV prevalence and that condoms may foster disinhibition, with people engaging in risky
Risk_compensation
Situation where cities are warmer than surrounding areas
the prevalence of dark roofs, with the remainder coming from dark-coloured pavement and the declining presence of vegetation. The heat island effect can
Urban_heat_island
Personality disorder
estimated lifetime prevalence of ASPD amongst the general population falls within 1% to 4%, skewed towards 6% men and 2% women. The prevalence of ASPD is even
Antisocial personality disorder
Antisocial_personality_disorder
Excessive arousal and interest in sex
measurement for hypersexuality, making it difficult to determine its prevalence. Thus, prevalence can vary depending on how it is defined and measured. Overall
Hypersexuality
Cognitive bias of wrongly viewing yourself as unique
peers as well as the prevalence of those that were healthy compared to the actual numbers. As stated above, false uniqueness effect can be seen mostly for
False-uniqueness_effect
Disorder of depression and mood episodes
therapy". The 6–12 month prevalence of bipolar disorder is 1%, while the lifetime prevalence is between 1 and 3%. The prevalence of pediatric bipolar disorder
Bipolar_disorder
Movement disorder involving a feeling of inner restlessness
individuals treated with first-generation antipsychotics develop akathisia. Prevalence rates may be lower for modern treatment as second-generation antipsychotics
Akathisia
Six virulent antibiotic-resistant pathogens
cell never contains a high enough concentration of the drug to have an effect. Biofilms are a mixture of diverse microbial communities and polymers that
ESKAPE
Neurological condition involving the crossing of senses
apparent prevalence in females over males, with the commonly cited 1966 study by Baron-Cohen and others putting the female-male prevalence ratio at 5
Synesthesia
Statistics on rape and other sexual assaults
highest prevalence of all countries surveyed. In Finland, the legal regulations on sexual offences were revised with a law that came into effect on 1. January
Rape_statistics
Claimed sensitivity to electromagnetic fields
scientific basis to link such symptoms to electromagnetic field exposure. The prevalence of some reported symptoms is geographically or culturally dependent and
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
Electromagnetic_hypersensitivity
Cigarette assembled by the user as opposed to a manufacturer
Hammond, D; Cummings, KM; Devlin, E; Yong, HH; O'Connor, RJ (2006). "Prevalence and attributes of roll-your-own smokers in the International Tobacco Control
Roll-your-own_cigarette
Covid-19 pandemic will most likely effect the prevalence of undernutrition and obesity. In 2010 that the prevalence of childhood obesity during the past
Epidemiology of childhood obesity
Epidemiology_of_childhood_obesity
Reduction in private investment caused by increased government borrowing
demand side of the market. The most common example of the crowding out effect is when expansionary fiscal policy (involving deficit spending) reduces
Crowding_out_(economics)
Controversial hypothesis
the effect of abortion on crime, it is necessary to control for other factors that affect birth cohorts (e.g., relative cohort size or the prevalence of
Legalized abortion and crime effect
Legalized_abortion_and_crime_effect
Suicide method
Comprehensive Textbook of Suicidology, pp. 108–9. Farmer, R.; Rohde, J. (1980). "Effect of availability and acceptability of lethal instruments on suicide mortality
Suicide_by_hanging
Medical condition
softening the perineum they might reduce the rate of tearing. However, this effect has never been clearly demonstrated. Perineal protection is an obstetric
Perineal_tear
Medical condition of excess body fat
primarily due to increasing use of mechanized transportation and a greater prevalence of labor-saving technology in the home. In children, there appear to be
Obesity
Influence of mother's environment and genotype on offspring's phenotype
A maternal effect is a situation where the phenotype of an organism is determined not only by the environment it experiences and its genotype, but also
Maternal_effect
Form of child abuse
(about one in eleven) experiencing sexual violence during childhood. The prevalence of CSA varies across regions. Sub-Saharan Africa reports the highest rates
Child_sexual_abuse
Level of psychological well-being
Kessler et al. of the prevalence and treatment of mental disorders from 1990 to 2003 in the United States. Despite the prevalence of mental health disorders
Mental_health
Inability to differentiate left and right directions
of directional commands, such as ballroom dancing. Data regarding LRC prevalence is primarily based on behavioral studies, self-assessments, and surveys
Left–right_confusion
continue to encounter extreme difficulties in achieving higher contraceptive prevalence and lower fertility for a wide variety of compounding reasons. The one-child
Prevalence_of_birth_control
Causation of harm by any medical activity
Iatrogenesis is the causation of a disease, a harmful complication, or other ill effect by any medical activity, including diagnosis, intervention, error, or negligence
Iatrogenesis
Small roll of tobacco made to be smoked
L, Thomson B, Wollum A, Sanman E, Wulf S (January 8, 2014). "Smoking Prevalence and Cigarette Consumption in 187 Countries, 1980-2012". JAMA. 311 (2):
Cigarette
Penetrative sexual activity for reproduction or sexual pleasure
anal sex said they practiced it once a month or a few times a year. The prevalence of sexual intercourse has been compared cross-culturally. In 2003, Michael
Sexual_intercourse
Mental illness with multiple personality states
Association, the 12-month prevalence of DID among adults in the US is 1.5%, with similar prevalence between women and men. Population prevalence estimates have been
Dissociative identity disorder
Dissociative_identity_disorder
Long-term complication of COVID-19
true prevalence of long COVID. As of 2025, the prevalence of long COVID is estimated to be about 6–7% in adults, and about 1% in children. Prevalence might
Long_COVID
Species of fungus
ability to grow on refrigerated meat and form "black spots". Its high prevalence in the air and production of allergens makes C. herbarum an important
Cladosporium_herbarum
Japanese social phobia
psychological defense mechanism. It is more common in men than women. Lifetime prevalence is estimated at 3–13%. Taijin kyofusho is commonly described as a form
Taijin_kyofusho
Sedation of the terminally ill
palliative care, the prevalence of palliative sedation was reported as highly varied. In palliative care units or hospice, the prevalence ranged between 3
Palliative_sedation
Condition in which organs are reversed
any complications related to their medical condition. There is a 5–10% prevalence of congenital heart disease in individuals with situs inversus totalis
Situs_inversus
Social movement against sexual abuse and harassment
protections, and as a side effect prevents most people from using online personal ads regardless of their intentions. Despite the prevalence of sexual misconduct
MeToo_movement
State of low mood and aversion to activity
dysthymia. Depression is also a symptom of some physical diseases and a side effect of some drugs and medical treatments. Adversity in childhood, such as bereavement
Depression_(mood)
Suicide method
summer. Jumping makes up 20% of suicides in New York City due to the prevalence of publicly accessible skyscrapers. In Hong Kong, jumping (from any location)
Suicide by jumping from height
Suicide_by_jumping_from_height
dilution has only been found in Shetland ponies in the United Kingdom. The effect of mushroom on chestnut is very similar to silver dapple on black, especially
Mushroom_gene
Sexual activity involving stimulation of the genitalia by use of the mouth
open when heated, but there also exists no scientific research on what effect, if any, this has on disease transmission when used during oral sex. Some
Oral_sex
Medical condition
Das M, Khanna SK (Jun 1991). "Biochemical toxicology of argemone oil. I. Effect on hepatic cytochrome P-450 and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes". J Appl
Epidemic_dropsy
The sailing ship effect is a phenomenon by which the introduction of a new technology to a market accelerates the innovation of an incumbent technology
Sailing_ship_effect
Feeding or eating disorder
evidence for heritability. Among children, one study revealed a 12.5% prevalence of ASD among those diagnosed with ARFID. Other risk factors include sensory
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Avoidant/restrictive_food_intake_disorder
Concept in evolutionary biology
that, contrary to expectation based on the Red Queen hypothesis, the prevalence, abundance and mean intensity of mites in sexual geckos was significantly
Red_Queen_hypothesis
Common name for an abnormal bone growth within the external ear canal
recurring infection can result as a side effect because of the trapped water. A 2023 study found that the prevalence of surfer's ear among surfers was as
Surfer's_ear
Disorder of decreased tolerance to specific sounds
misophonia's global prevalence, and studies of misophonia's prevalence vary considerably. Several studies have investigated misophonia prevalence in samples representative
Misophonia
Sexual fantasy involving coercible sex
(February 10, 2009). "The nature of women's rape fantasies: an analysis of prevalence, frequency, and contents". The Journal of Sex Research. 46 (1): 33–45
Rape_fantasy
Appliance for cold food storage
became financially viable for production and sale on a large scale, their prevalence around the globe expanded greatly. In the United States, an estimated
Refrigerator
Reduced pilot performance from inadequate energy
scored an average of 5.3. High prevalence of fatigue was also revealed in a study by Jackson and Earl investigating prevalence among short haul pilots. The
Pilot_fatigue
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance