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Use of programmed texts or teaching machines
Programmed learning (or programmed instruction) is a research-based system which helps learners work successfully. The method is guided by research done
Programmed_learning
Educational mechanical device
a program for self-instruction. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 387. OCLC 190451. Glaser, Robert, ed. (1965). Teaching machines and programmed learning II:
Teaching_machine
Subset of artificial intelligence
without being explicitly programmed. Statistics and mathematical optimisation methods compose the foundations of machine learning. Data mining is a related
Machine_learning
Field of machine learning
In machine learning and optimal control, reinforcement learning (RL) (also known as approximate dynamic programming) is concerned with how an intelligent
Reinforcement_learning
Author of mathematics textbooks
Sc. and a DipEd. Stroud was an innovator in programmed learning and the identification of precise learning outcomes, and Nigel Steele calls his textbook
Ken_Stroud
Educational software application
training programs, materials, or learning and development programs. The learning management system concept emerged directly from e-Learning. Learning management
Learning_management_system
service-learning programs offered throughout the United States. The universities listed (in alphabetical order) have exemplified service-learning as an
Service_learning_programs
Use of technology in education to enhance learning and teaching
education as well as promote his system he called programmed instruction. Ogden Lindsley developed a learning system, named Celeration, which was based on
Educational_technology
Branch of machine learning
In machine learning, deep learning (DL) focuses on utilizing multilayered neural networks to perform tasks such as classification, regression, and representation
Deep_learning
American psychologist
American applied psychologist who researched the use of media and programmed learning. Lumsdaine served in the U.S. Army in World War II. He was recruited
Arthur_A._Lumsdaine
Memorization technique based on repetition
not involve repetition, unlike the usual meaning of rote learning. The machine is programmed to keep a history of calculations and compare new input against
Rote_learning
Process of acquiring new knowledge
Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behavior, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences. The ability to learn is possessed
Learning
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
is provided as an overview of, and topical guide to, machine learning: Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of artificial intelligence within computer
Outline_of_machine_learning
British psychologist and computer scientist (1928–1996)
Skill". Programmed Learning. 4 (2): 74–86. doi:10.1080/1355800670040202. ——— (June 1967). "The Control of Learning in Small Subsystems of a Programmed Educational
Gordon_Pask
comparison of machine learning software such as software frameworks, libraries, and computer programs used for machine learning. Apache OpenNLP — natural
Comparison of machine learning software
Comparison_of_machine_learning_software
American psychologist and social philosopher (1904–1990)
was to administer a curriculum of programmed learning. The machine embodies key elements of Skinner's theory of learning and had important implications for
B._F._Skinner
American psychologist (1888–1979)
chapter 10, The nature and control of the learning process, is directly relevant to the ideas of programmed learning which developed after World War II in
Sidney_L._Pressey
Intelligence in machines
to perform tasks typically associated with human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and decision-making. It is a field
Artificial_intelligence
American supplemental education program
Sylvan provides personalized learning programs and primarily serves students in primary and secondary education. Sylvan Learning began in Portland, Oregon
Sylvan_Learning
Algorithm for modelling sequential data
In deep learning, the transformer is a family of artificial neural network architectures based on the multi-head attention mechanism, in which input data
Transformer_(deep_learning)
Instructional strategy and educational philosophy
implementation. The idea of mastery learning resurfaced in the late 1950s and early 1960s as a corollary of programmed instruction, a technology invented
Mastery_learning
American educational software company
Teri Perl; and Warren Robinett, a former Atari, Inc. employee who had programmed the game Adventure. They saw the Apple II as an opportunity to teach young
The_Learning_Company
American classicist and reformer in Latin education 1912-1992
Artes Latinae, a programmed Latin course that extended his experimentation with Latin pedagogy and incorporated programmed-learning techniques. The original
Waldo_Earle_Sweet
activity (terminal learning objectives). Grolier and TMI marketed Min-Max (a teaching machine) with machine programs and programmed text books. Douglas
History of virtual learning environments
History_of_virtual_learning_environments
Computational model used in machine learning
In machine learning, a neural network (NN) or artificial neural network (ANN) is a computational model inspired by the structure and functions of biological
Neural network (machine learning)
Neural_network_(machine_learning)
Non-centralised form of instruction
seriousness, competition and learning environment Programmed instruction may be isolated & separated from daily practice Programmed instruction does not give
Distributed_learning
Tabular comparison of deep learning software
compare notable software frameworks, libraries, and computer programs for deep learning applications. Licenses here are a summary, and are not taken to
Comparison of deep learning software
Comparison_of_deep_learning_software
Death of a cell mediated by intracellular program, often as part of development
but in the 2000s, a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, was recognized as an alternative form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized
Programmed_cell_death
Category of learning situation
Non-formal learning includes various structured learning situations which do not either have the level of curriculum, institutionalization, accreditation
Nonformal_learning
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The Academic Recovery and Accessible Learning (ARAL) Program Act was established through the enactment of Republic Act 12028
Literacy_in_the_Philippines
Mode of delivering education to students who are not physically present
education (also known as online learning, remote learning or remote education) through an online school. A distance learning program can either be completely
Distance_education
Learner centric pedagogy
Phenomenon-based learning is a constructivist form of learning or pedagogy, where students study a topic or concept in a holistic approach instead of
Phenomenon-based_learning
American youth program
motivation, and self-esteem, and for careers. Learning for Life is not considered a traditional scouting program; it does not use the Scout Promise, Scout
Learning_for_Life
American psychologist (1921–2012)
works. Lumsdaine A.A. & Glaser R. (eds) 1960. Teaching machines and programmed learning I: a source book. Washington D.C. National Education Association
Robert_Glaser
is a timeline of machine learning. Major discoveries, achievements, milestones, and other major events in machine learning are included. History of artificial
Timeline_of_machine_learning
Process to create executable computer programs
allowed it to be programmed for different jobs, and by the late 1940s, unit record equipment such as the IBM 602 and IBM 604, were programmed by control panels
Computer_programming
Machine learning technique
In machine learning, normalization is a statistical technique with various applications. There are two main forms of normalization, namely data normalization
Normalization (machine learning)
Normalization_(machine_learning)
Machine learning that combines deep learning and reinforcement learning
Deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) is a subfield of machine learning that combines reinforcement learning (RL) and deep learning. RL considers the problem
Deep_reinforcement_learning
Type of school organizational model
A Small Learning Community (SLC), also referred to as a School-Within-A-School, is a school organizational model that is an increasingly common form of
Small_Learning_Community
Programming paradigm
gradient-based optimization of parameters in the program, often via gradient descent, as well as other learning approaches that are based on higher-order derivative
Differentiable_programming
Transmission of knowledge and skills
the formal schooling system, while informal education is unstructured learning through daily experiences. Formal and non-formal education are divided
Education
Canada. The Open Learning Division offers courses and programs through online and distance learning. Currently over 590 courses and 55 programs are available
Thompson Rivers University, Open Learning
Thompson_Rivers_University,_Open_Learning
Open-source machine-learning software library
differentiable programming through its source-to-source automatic differentiation package, Zygote.jl. Julia is a popular language in machine-learning and Flux
Flux (machine-learning framework)
Flux_(machine-learning_framework)
American psychologist
Roanoke Times. 10 January 1962. p. 15. Retrieved 1 July 2025. "Programmed Learning Firm Incorporated". Palo Alto Times. 12 August 1963. p. 6. Retrieved
Allen_Calvin
Type of remote control
while the remote is still in DVD-player mode.) IR code learning, allowing the remote to be programmed to control new devices not already in its code list
Universal_remote
Theories that aim to account for differences in individuals' learning
Learning styles refer to a range of theories that aim to account for differences in individuals' learning. Although there is ample evidence that individuals
Learning_styles
Traditional first example of a computer programming language
Hello World!. The Wikibook Computer Programming has a page on the topic of: Hello world Wikiversity has learning resources about Hello, world! The Hello
Hello,_world
Range of neurodevelopmental conditions
Learning disability, or learning disorder, is a condition in the brain that causes difficulties comprehending or processing information and can be caused
Learning_disability
ForWord is a computer-based reading program with limited evidence of effectiveness, created by Scientific Learning Corporation. It is based on a theory
Fast_ForWord
Machine learning framework developed by Apple
machine learning framework developed by Apple and designed primarily for Apple silicon. It is used for training and running machine learning models and
MLX (machine learning framework)
MLX_(machine_learning_framework)
Concept developed by John G. Bennett
contribution to pedagogy. Programmed Learning and Educational Technology, 9(2), 63-78 Hodgson, A.M. (1972). Structural learning in social settings: some
Structural_communication
International school in Khan-Uul, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Mongolia as the “Best Secondary School of Mongolia” for its academic program, learning environment, and teaching quality. Orchlon International School is
Orchlon_International_School
Using concrete examples to teach computers behaviors
program that can be used on new examples. PbE is intended to be easier to do than traditional computer programming, which generally requires learning
Programming_by_example
Education practice
advantage that blended learning offers is scale, whereas one instructor can only teach so many people. One example is PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic
Blended_learning
Machine learning technique
In machine learning, reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a technique to align an intelligent agent with human preferences. It involves
Reinforcement learning from human feedback
Reinforcement_learning_from_human_feedback
Pedagogy combining learning objectives with community service
Service-learning is an educational approach that uses community service to meet both classroom learning objectives and societal needs. It has been used
Service-learning
platforms used in data science, which includes programming languages, programming environments, machine learning frameworks, data engineering tools, statistical
List_of_data_science_software
Mainframe computer system
PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations), also known as Project Plato and Project PLATO, was the first generalized computer-assisted
PLATO_(computer_system)
Theory and philosophy of learning
action learning, adventure learning, free-choice learning, cooperative learning, service-learning, and situated learning. Experiential learning is often
Experiential_learning
Form of active learning
Inquiry-based learning (also spelled as enquiry-based learning in British English) is a form of active learning that starts by posing questions, problems
Inquiry-based_learning
Lumsdaine, Arthur A.; Glaser, Robert, eds. (1960). Teaching machines and programmed learning. Vol. I: A source book. Washington D.C.: National Education Association
Knowledge_of_results
Subscription based education program for children 2–8
Early Learning Academy, is a digital education program targeted towards children ages 2–8, created by the educational technology company Age of Learning, Inc
ABCmouse
American multinational pay television channel
First established in 1980 as The Learning Channel, it initially focused on educational and instructional programming. By the late 1990s, after an acquisition
TLC_(TV_network)
Ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated pursuit of knowledge
Lifelong learning is the "ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated" pursuit of learning for either personal or professional reasons. Lifelong learning is important
Lifelong_learning
Mathematics education system
Individualised Learning Experiment (SMILE). Programmed learning Mastery learning Educational technology Banks, Bertram (1985). "Ed Tech from Programs to Material‐Bank
Kent_Mathematics_Project
Chelsey (July 14, 2025). "Will Sharpe Has Done It All, But He's Still Learning on the Job". Harpers Bazaar. Archived from the original on September 3
List of Apple TV original programming
List_of_Apple_TV_original_programming
Open source platform
implementations for numerous statistical and machine learning algorithms, which are accessible through various programming interfaces. The software is released under
H2O_(software)
Period before the start of an academic year
enhanced their orientations to serve as a comprehensive transition program, learning outcomes are developed to assess success. CAS Professional Standards
Student_orientation
Deep learning training framework
Horovod is a free and open-source distributed deep learning training framework for TensorFlow, Keras, PyTorch and Apache MXNet. It is designed to scale
Horovod_(machine_learning)
Non-profit educational organization
interactive learning web platform, an online community forum, chat rooms, online publications and local organizations that intend to make learning software
FreeCodeCamp
Smart thermostat
Tony Fadell, Ben Filson, and Fred Bould. It is an electronic, programmable, and self-learning Wi-Fi-enabled thermostat that optimizes heating and cooling
Nest_Thermostat
Program synthesis technique
programming languages and machine learning, Bayesian program synthesis (BPS) is a program synthesis technique where Bayesian probabilistic programs automatically
Bayesian_program_synthesis
American psychologist
learning largely based on B. F. Skinner's work on programmed learning and behavioral modification. In the 60's and 70's, while cooperative learning was
David_W._Johnson_(scholar)
Phase transition in machine learning
In machine learning, grokking, or delayed generalization, is a phenomenon observed in some settings where a model abruptly transitions from overfitting
Grokking_(machine_learning)
Canadian AI researcher
impact on the field of deep learning. He received his PhD in 2009. He is well known for having developed Bayesian Program Learning. Salakhutdinov is a professor
Ruslan_Salakhutdinov
Skills identified as being required for success in the 21st century
21st century skills comprise skills, abilities, and learning dispositions identified as requirements for success in 21st century society and workplaces
21st_century_skills
General-purpose programming language
Computer programming portal Free and open-source software portal List of machine learning and deep learning software for Python List of Python programming books
Python_(programming_language)
U.S. university accreditation organization
The Higher Learning Commission (HLC) is an institutional accreditor in the United States. It has historically accredited post-secondary education institutions
Higher_Learning_Commission
Category of learning situation
Informal learning is characterized by a low degree of planning and organizing of the learning context, learning support, learning time, and learning objectives
Informal_learning
Machine learning paradigm
In machine learning, supervised learning (SL) is a type of machine learning paradigm where an algorithm learns to map input data to a specific output based
Supervised_learning
Independent education without the guidance of teachers
Autodidacticism (also autodidactism) or self-education (also self-learning, self-study, and self-teaching) is the practice of education without the guidance
Autodidacticism
Learning logic programs from data
as the introduction of meta-interpretative learning makes predicate invention and learning recursive programs more feasible. This technique was pioneered
Inductive_logic_programming
Learning theory involving the construction of mental models
Constructionist learning is a theory of learning centred on mental models. Constructionism advocates student-centered, discovery learning where students
Constructionism (learning theory)
Constructionism_(learning_theory)
Practice of the Religious Society of Friends (or "Quakers")
TERMS: Programmed, Unprogrammed & Semi-programmed Quaker Worship". newassociationoffriends.org. Marian Baker (August 2020). "Learning from Programmed Friends"
Meeting_for_worship
Course of education
An educational program is a program written by the institution or ministry of education which determines the learning progress of each subject in all the
Educational_program
Type of health care system
Learning health systems (LHS) are health and healthcare systems in which knowledge generation processes are embedded in daily practice to improve individual
Learning_health_systems
Online, public school in Mesa, Maricopa, Arizona, United States
Mesa Distance Learning Program (MDLP) is a distance learning program for grades 5–12 sponsored by Mesa Public Schools in Mesa, Arizona, US that offers
Mesa Distance Learning Program
Mesa_Distance_Learning_Program
Building at the University of Pittsburgh
The Cathedral of Learning is a 42-story skyscraper that serves as the centerpiece of the University of Pittsburgh's (Pitt) main campus in the Oakland neighborhood
Cathedral_of_Learning
British long jumper and academic (1907–2003)
training by introducing of the Action Learning formula and methods: Learning (L) = P + Q; where L is learning, P is programmed (traditional) knowledge and Q is
Reg_Revans
Using game design elements in non-games
trials, including consumer behavior studies, adapting the format of Programmed learning into mobile microlearning to experiment with the impacts of gamification
Gamification
American educator
was especially known for testing reform ideas like "team teaching, programmed learning, curricular reform, and educational television ... he forged ties
Francis_Keppel
The Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 in Finland consisted of the Finnish participation in the Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 of the European
Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 in Finland
Lifelong_Learning_Programme_2007–2013_in_Finland
Type of approach to problem solving
of Action Learning more precise in the opening chapter of his book which describes that "learning" is the result of combining "programmed knowledge"
Action_learning
Central government research unit in India
100 books, a major segment of the publications consisted of the 14 Programmed Learning Texts on operational banking published in the initial years of the
National Institute of Bank Management
National_Institute_of_Bank_Management
Programming language used in many domains
language. Additionally, for many tasks (e.g., statistical analysis, machine learning, etc.) there are libraries that are extensively tested and optimized. Theoretically
General-purpose programming language
General-purpose_programming_language
Subfield of machine learning
Meta-learning is a subfield of machine learning where automatic learning algorithms are applied to metadata about machine learning experiments. As of
Meta-learning (computer science)
Meta-learning_(computer_science)
Structuring text as input to generative artificial intelligence
in-context learning is temporary. Training models to perform in-context learning can be viewed as a form of meta-learning, or "learning to learn". Research
Prompt_engineering
An educational programming language (EPL) is a programming language used primarily as a learning tool, and a starting point before transitioning to more
List of educational programming languages
List_of_educational_programming_languages
Language revival strategy
The Master-Apprentice Language Learning Program is a strategy used in language revitalization, in which committed language learners (apprentices) work
Master-Apprentice Language Learning Program
Master-Apprentice_Language_Learning_Program
Software for understanding biological data
text mining. Prior to the emergence of machine learning, bioinformatics algorithms had to be programmed by hand; for problems such as protein structure
Machine learning in bioinformatics
Machine_learning_in_bioinformatics
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