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Alternative term for cytoplasm or cytoplasm and nucleoplasm
Protoplasm (/ˈproʊtəˌplæzəm/; pl. protoplasms) is the part of a cell that is surrounded by a plasma membrane. It is a mixture of small molecules such
Protoplasm
Type of brain cell
astrocytes in the central nervous system include fibrous (in white matter), protoplasmic (in grey matter), and radial glial cells. The fibrous astrocytes are
Astrocyte
In plants, the colorless fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast
Stroma, in botany, refers to the colorless fluid surrounding the thylakoids (membrane-bound, sub-organelle compartments) within the chloroplast. After
Stroma_(fluid)
Fictional character
shapeshifting powers and resiliency by exposure to a pool of radioactive protoplasm and became the second Clayface. He retained the title for the next several
Clayface
Flow of the cytoplasm inside the cell
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the flow of the cytoplasm inside the cell, driven by forces from the cytoskeleton
Cytoplasmic_streaming
Protoplasm that permeates a cell's nucleus
The nucleoplasm, also known as karyoplasm, is the type of protoplasm that makes up the cell nucleus, the most prominent organelle of the eukaryotic cell
Nucleoplasm
Microsporidia. Sporoplasm is defined as a mass of protoplasm that gives rise to or forms a spore. The protoplasmic body that is released as an infective amoebula
Sporoplasm
Non-protoplasmic material found in cells
Ergastic substances are non-protoplasmic materials found in cells. The living protoplasm of a cell is sometimes called the bioplasm and distinct from the
Ergastic_substance
German botanist (1805–1872)
German botanist from Stuttgart. He was the first person to use the word "protoplasm" for the part of a cell inside the cell wall. He was a son of the Württemberg
Hugo_von_Mohl
Genus of single-celled organisms
Monocystidae) of acephaline gregarines (subclass Gregarinasina) not having the protoplasm divided into segments by septa and including internal parasites of invertebrates
Monocystis
Peer-reviewed scientific journal
bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering various aspects of protoplasm research. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media and was established
Protoplasma
Purported primordial substance
Urschleim ("primordial slime"), a protoplasm from which all life had originated. Huxley thought Bathybius could be that protoplasm, a missing link (in modern
Bathybius_haeckelii
German botanist
remembered for his investigations of plasmolysis and the morphology of plant protoplasm. From 1903 to 1951 he was editor of the "Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche
Ernst_Küster
the lifeless matter deposited in the form of minute granules within the protoplasm of living cells. Eleidin is then converted to keratin in the stratum corneum
Eleidin
American musical group
Black) Extended plays Black Rain (1992, Kombinat) Black Rain (1993, TPOS) Protoplasm (2013, Blackest Ever Black) Computer Soul (2019, Blackest Ever Black)
Black_Rain_(band)
Theory that living organisms are made up of cells
Fischer and Suer proposed that water in the protoplasm is not free but in a chemically combined form—the protoplasm represents a combination of protein, salt
Cell_theory
Part of an egg which feeds the developing embryo
that follow fertilization. The yolk is not living cell material like protoplasm, but largely passive material, that is to say deutoplasm. The food material
Yolk
Outermost layer of some cells
Cell wall in multicellular plants – its different layers and their placement with respect to protoplasm (highly diagrammatic)
Cell_wall
Cellular body type
grouping of single-celled organisms that possess pseudopods or move by protoplasmic flow. However, molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Sarcodina
Amoeba
Species of slime mould
as very small, red amoeba-like organisms called plasmodia, masses of protoplasm that engulf bacteria, as well as fungal and plant spores, protozoa, and
Lycogala_epidendrum
Organ central to the nervous system
distances. They send these signals by means of an axon, which is a thin protoplasmic fiber that extends from the cell body and projects, usually with numerous
Brain
Russian biologist
Russian only in 1984. In the 1930s Gause conducted a series of studies of protoplasm asymmetry. This work raised interest among biogeochemists, including V
Georgy_Gause
Food particles in the cytoplasm of an ovum or a cell
particles stored in the cytoplasm of an ovum or a cell, as distinguished from protoplasm, the yolk substance. Generally, the deutoplasm accumulates about the nucleus
Deutoplasm
Professor of Biology at University of Pennsylvania
properties and microscopic structure of protoplasm. Using a micromanipulator and microdissection, Seifriz showed that protoplasm was non-Newtonian, thixotropic
William_Seifriz
All of the contents of a cell including organelles but excluding the nucleus
introduced by Rudolf von Kölliker in 1863, originally as a synonym for protoplasm, but later it has come to mean the cell substance and organelles outside
Cytoplasm
Machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically
1920. The play begins in a factory that uses a chemical substitute for protoplasm to manufacture living, simplified people called robots. The play does
Robot
Type of plant tissue involved in cell proliferation
cells, with thin primary cell walls, and small or no vacuoles. Their protoplasm is dense, filling the entire cell, and they lack intercellular spaces
Meristem
Type of vascular cell in some plants
thin walled cells of small diameter, containing water but no living protoplasm. Collectively, hydroids function as a conducting tissue, known as the
Hydroid_(botany)
Fictional character
indescribable thing vaster than any subway train—a shapeless congeries of protoplasmic bubbles, faintly self-luminous, and with myriads of temporary eyes forming
Shoggoth
Group of similar cells performing a specific function
cell contains a dense cytoplasm and a prominent cell nucleus. The dense protoplasm of meristematic cells contains very few vacuoles. Normally the meristematic
Tissue_(biology)
Comics character
morphing protoplasm which can change into almost any shape he can imagine and commonly changes his forearms into weapons that fire hardened protoplasm projectiles
Random_(comics)
Fibrous material from trees or other plants
in living wood in three locations, namely: in the cell walls in the protoplasmic contents of the cells as free water in the cell cavities and spaces,
Wood
Support-cells in the nervous system
two types of astrocytes, protoplasmic and fibrous, similar in function but distinct in morphology and distribution. Protoplasmic astrocytes have short,
Glia
German microscopic anatomist and phycologist (1825–1874)
and included them under the common name of protoplasm, defining the cell as a nucleated mass of protoplasm with or without a cell wall (Das Protoplasma
Max_Schultze
Stage in sexual fungal reproduction
stage of sexual reproduction (most frequently seen in fungi), where the protoplasm of two parent cells (usually from the mycelia) fuse without the fusion
Plasmogamy
Major Hindu scripture
writes: "When a part of the Universal Breath becomes ensconced in the protoplasmic environment which it animates, it is called jiva." The body is the scene
Bhagavad_Gita
plastic, plastique, plastochron, plastromancy, plastron, prosoplasia, protoplasm, pseudoplastic, symplast plat- flat, broad Greek πλατύς (platús), πλατεῖα
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/P–Z
English biologist (1825–1895)
The issue was reprinted seven times and protoplasm became a household word; Punch added 'Professor Protoplasm' to his other soubriquets. The topic had
Thomas_Henry_Huxley
American biologist
became a standard foundational text in the field. The colloid chemistry of protoplasm, Berlin, Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1928 An outline of general physiology,
Lewis_Victor_Heilbrunn
Comics character
are members of the S.P.A.C.E. organization, which stands for Sentient Protoplasm Against Colonial Encroachment. Bucky O'Hare is a green hare and the captain
Bucky_O'Hare
B cell with a cleaved nucleus derived from centroblasts
their MHC class II receptor. Centrocyte can also refer to a cell with a protoplasm that contains single and double granules of varying size stainable with
Centrocyte
Injury to flesh or skin, often caused by excessive heat
Markel G, Dushnitsky T, Eisenkraft A (May 2008). "Hydrogen fluoride--the protoplasmic poison". The Israel Medical Association Journal. 10 (5): 381–5. PMID 18605366
Burn
Superboy enemy; alien hunter, captured Krypto and used shapechanging protoplasm creature to lure Superboy into battle. Kronn Adventure Comics #308 (May
List_of_Superman_enemies
2006 studio album by Rentrer en Soi
Rentrer en Soi (2006) The Bottom of Chaos (2007) Singles from Rentrer en Soi "Protoplasm" Released: February 2006 "Karasuiro no Taiji" Released: April 2006
Rentrer_en_Soi_(album)
List of fictional creatures
indescribable thing vaster than any subway train—a shapeless congeries of protoplasmic bubbles, faintly self-luminous, and with myriads of temporary eyes forming
Cthulhu_Mythos_species
German physician and scientist (1854–1915)
investigations was the discovery of a new cell type. Ehrlich discovered in the protoplasm of supposed plasma cells a granulate which could be made visible with
Paul_Ehrlich
Type of cartilage in humans
of their circumference, they are rounded. They consist of translucent protoplasm with fine interlacing filaments and minute granules are sometimes present
Hyaline_cartilage
2020 film by Sam Liu
up with Superman's power, causing it to degenerate and dissolve into protoplasm. Superman is left appalled by Luthor's actions. In 1966, Superman stops
Superman:_Red_Son_(film)
2014 studio album by Black Rain
Industrial techno Length 41:00 Label Blackest Ever Black Producer Stuart Argabright Black Rain chronology Protoplasm (2013) Dark Pool (2014) Apophis (2015)
Dark_Pool
Plant fiber from the genus Gossypium
chemical composition of cotton is as follows: Cellulose 91.00% Water 7.85% Protoplasm, pectins 0.55% Waxes, fatty substances 0.40% Mineral salts 0.20% Cotton
Cotton
Species of bacterium
consisting of an outer membrane, peptidoglycan layer, inner membrane, protoplasmic cylinder, and periplasmic space. It is often described as gram-negative
Treponema_pallidum
Topics referred to by the same term
Plasma cell, white blood cells that secrete large volumes of antibodies Protoplasm, the entire living substance inside the cell membrane or cell wall Plasma
Plasma
Large actin extension of a developing neurite seeking its synaptic target
described the growth cone based on fixed cells as "a concentration of protoplasm of conical form, endowed with amoeboid movements" (Cajal, 1890). Growth
Growth_cone
Comics character
"Elasti-Woman". It was revealed that when the Chief regrew her he did so using protoplasm to eliminate "weaknesses" such as bones and internal organs. When she
Elasti-Girl
American guitarist and singer (1942–1995)
came out of my coma, I had this image of myself as these little hunks of protoplasm that were stuck together kind of like stamps with perforations between
Jerry_Garcia
Disease condition of seaweed
micropropagule of the algae. The protoplasm content is higher in a healthy micropropagule than in the infected ones. Protoplasm indicates occurrence of severe
Ice-ice
Biological membrane that separates the interior of a cell from its outside environment
(1931). "Membranes in the plant cell. I. Morphological membranes at protoplasmic surfaces". Protoplasma. 12 (1): 196–220. doi:10.1007/BF01618716. S2CID 32248784
Cell_membrane
Woronin bodies (arrows) immobilized on the cortex of Sordaria fimicola cells as protoplasm streams by.
Woronin_body
German professor of anatomy
Gerlach summed up his theory by stating: the finest divisions of the protoplasmic processes ultimately take part in the formation of the fine nerve fibre
Joseph_von_Gerlach
Trace fossil
discovered; however, examination failed to reveal stercomares, a hardened test, protoplasm, or xenophyophore DNA. The trace may alternately represent a burrow or
Paleodictyon
Species of slime mould
to create an opening, and more elastic inner layer ruptures later as protoplasm emerges. A remnant of the inner layer may be persistent and adhere to
Fuligo_septica
Family of single-celled organisms
calcite. The aperture, which is the avenue of egress and ingress for the protoplasm, is terminal; can be rounded or slitlike. The Fischerinidae was removed
Fischerinidae
DC Comics supervillain
After thousands of experiments, Luthor creates an artificial living protoplasm. Overjoyed, he accidentally causes a chemical fire in the lab. Superboy
Lex_Luthor
R. U. R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) Play 1921 c. 2000 The synthetic protoplasm that makes robots a possibility is discovered in 1932. The play itself
List of stories set in a future now in the past
List_of_stories_set_in_a_future_now_in_the_past
Azathoth and Ubbo-Sathla: an amorphous, writhing mass of bubbling, nuclear, protoplasmic-gel. He normally dwells alone within an unnamed dimension beyond time
List of Cthulhu Mythos deities
List_of_Cthulhu_Mythos_deities
Comic book series
Post-Crisis era. Sometimes referred to as the Matrix, this new character was a protoplasmic duplicate of an alternate universe Lana Lang, granted superpowers by
Supergirl_(comic_book)
Species of single-celled organism
leading to deeply embedded oral cavity, lined with cilia (short, hair-like protoplasmic processes that serve as organs of locomotion and food capture). P. caudatum
Paramecium_caudatum
Region of hair follicle
middle, made up of approximately two rows of flattened cells with granular protoplasm. The cuticle of the root sheath is in the center, continuous with the
Inner_root_sheath
Mode of locomotion in eukaryotic cells
generating a force on the membrane which moves the cell forward. The protoplasm of an amoeba is made up of an outer layer termed the ectoplasm which surrounds
Amoeboid_movement
Marvel Comics superhero
meditation techniques. It is later revealed that Reignfire is actually a protoplasmic entity who was injected with Sunspot's blood. Reignfire is defeated when
Sunspot_(Marvel_Comics)
1953 science fiction novel by John Wyndham
no clear idea what the aliens looked like. The most they have is some protoplasm that floated to the surface of the sea after the ultrasound weapon was
The_Kraken_Wakes
Concept in marine biology
near the requirements in the protoplasm. Considering that at the time little was known about the composition of "protoplasm", or the bulk composition of
Redfield_ratio
Genus of single-celled organisms
in a ground mass of smaller spicules. The spicules are secreted by the protoplasm, crystallographic c-axes parallel to the elongation, and set parallel
Carterina
Fictional character by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
plunge his drilling rod a further hundred feet into the apparently-living protoplasmic substance that was revealed at the bottom of the shaft. Challenger hopes
Professor_Challenger
Genus of single-celled organisms
the stalk is 3-4 micrometers in diameter and 100 micrometers long. The protoplasm of Vorticella is typically a translucent blue-white colour, but may contain
Vorticella
Marvel Comics supervillain
Liz, the Goblin unmasks himself in front of Spider-Man and melts into protoplasm. In his first appearances, the Green Goblin seems to be a normal man (albeit
Green_Goblin
Genus of microscopic organisms
with all other protists that extend lobose pseudopods or move about by protoplasmic flow, in the phylum Sarcodina. Molecular phylogenies based on the examination
Chaos_(genus)
British X-ray crystallographer (1920–1958)
A creator of what? ... I see no reason to believe that a creator of protoplasm or primeval matter, if such there be, has any reason to be interested
Rosalind_Franklin
Class of astringent, bitter plant polyphenolic chemical compounds
vacuoles of plants. Tannins are classified as ergastic substances, non-protoplasm materials found in cells. Tannins, by definition, precipitate proteins
Tannin
1991 comic
Erdel's mindless servant, he was once a smuggler who was exposed to protoplasm, which turned him into a malleable clay-like being. Victoria Vale: An
Batman:_Holy_Terror
American scientist (1919–2019)
atoms, ions, and electrons of the smallest unit of life called nano-protoplasm. Ling wrote books describing his hypothesis in 1962 and 1984, and later
Gilbert_Ling
Single-celled algae with silica cell walls
contains fluid bound by a membrane Cytoplasmic strand; holds the nucleus Protoplasmic bridge Epivalve Nucleus; holds the genetic material Endoplasmic reticulum
Diatom
German botanist (1877–1945)
Genom for the haploid chromosome set, which, together with the pertinent protoplasm, specifies the material foundations of the species ..." Among his experiments
Hans_Winkler
Spore-forming organisms
plasmodium grows into an interconnected network of protoplasmic strands. Within each protoplasmic strand, the cytoplasmic contents rapidly stream, periodically
Slime_mold
Process by which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution
increased volume of water in the cell will increase pressure, making the protoplasm push against the cell wall, a condition known as turgor. Turgor makes
Plasmolysis
Division of cells in the early embryo
The nucleus (and spindle) tend to locate at the center of the active protoplasm; and the spindle tends to align with the longest dimension (axis) of the
Cleavage_(embryo)
Microvilli-covered surface of epithelium found throughout the body
intestinal cells, the microvilli are referred to as brush border and are protoplasmic extensions contrary to villi which are submucosal folds, while in the
Brush_border
Scottish–American physician and philosopher
a defender of vitalism. He authored The Vitality and Organization of Protoplasm (1904) and Philosophical Problems in the Light of Vital Organization.
Edmund_Montgomery
2002 film directed by Raja Gosnell
discovers the demons' underground base of operations, as well as a vat of protoplasm containing the souls of those possessed by the demons. Shaggy frees the
Scooby-Doo_(film)
most important Greek πρωτος (prōtos), first; principal, most important protoplasm pseud- false or fake Greek ψεύδω (pseúdō), to lie or deceive pseudoephedrine
List of medical roots and affixes
List_of_medical_roots_and_affixes
Comics character
increasing her abilities. The good parts of her were placed in a formless protoplasm that developed a life of its own, and became the superhero Plasmer. Plasmer
Plasmer
Species of bacterium
is Gram-negative, its cells are rod-shaped with pointed ends, and its protoplasmic cylinder is entwined with periplasmic fibers. It is microaerophilic.
Helicobacter_trogontum
Part of the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity
cells, the olfactory cells, each consisting of a small amount of granular protoplasm with a large spherical nucleus, and possessing two processes—a superficial
Nasal_mucosa
British politician
Paul Bousfield postulated the existence of a "psychoplasm" which like protoplasm is an essential part of each cell. The psychoplasm is composed of immaterial
William_Robert_Bousfield
Physiological damage to an organism
mostly lack septa, wounding a hypha produces a rapid response in which the protoplasm inside the hypha forms a gel. Some fungi, such as the ascomycete Trichoderma
Injury
Genus of protists
contains ribosomes, food vacuoles, contractile filaments/vacuoles, and protoplasmic filaments. Notably, the Golgi apparatus is not visibly identifiable even
Naegleria
Small projection on a neuron that receives signals
first used in 1889 by Wilhelm His to describe the number of smaller "protoplasmic processes" that were attached to a nerve cell. German anatomist, Otto
Dendrite
Organelle in eukaryotic cells
nucleated cell from a "monerula", a structureless mass of primordial protoplasm ("Urschleim"). Therefore, the necessity of the sperm nucleus for fertilization
Cell_nucleus
Clade of single-celled organisms
spicules, radiolarian tests, and even the tests of smaller foraminifera. The protoplasm of xenophyophores contributes less than 1% of the total mass of the organism
Xenophyophorea
Species of fungus
marauding microfauna that would otherwise penetrate and feed on the rich protoplasm below. To disperse spores, asci push between the paraphyses from below
Peziza_cerea
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