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Proxy-Based Estimating (PROBE) is an estimating process used in the Personal Software Process (PSP) to estimate size and effort. Proxy Based Estimating
Proxy-based_estimating
points Planning poker Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) Proxy-based estimating (PROBE) (from the Personal Software Process) The Planning Game (from
Estimation (project management)
Estimation_(project_management)
Software project management activity
method Parametric Estimating The Planning Game (from Extreme Programming) ITK method, also known as Method CETIN Proxy-based estimating (PROBE) (from the
Cost estimation in software engineering
Cost_estimation_in_software_engineering
Computer system that receives and forwards requests
In computer networking, a proxy server is a intermediary server application between a client requesting a resource and the server then providing that
Proxy_server
Process in software development
estimation models Cost overrun Function points Planning fallacy Proxy-based estimating Putnam model Software metric Software parametric models "What We
Software development effort estimation
Software_development_effort_estimation
Behavioral disorder (Munchausen syndrome by proxy)
(FII) or medical child abuse, and originally named Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSbP) after Munchausen syndrome, is a mental health disorder in which a
Factitious disorder imposed on another
Factitious_disorder_imposed_on_another
Process to improve programming quality
is used to improve estimating accuracy. The PSP uses the PROxy-Based Estimation (PROBE) method to improve a developer's estimating skills for more accurate
Personal_software_process
Open source web server and a reverse proxy server
NGINX) is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache. The software was created by Russian developer
Nginx
Iran and Israel have been engaged in a proxy conflict since 1985. In the Israeli–Lebanese conflict, Iran has supported Lebanese Shia militias, most notably
Iran–Israel_proxy_conflict
Form of voting that allows delegation
Proxy voting is a form of voting whereby a member of a decision-making body may delegate their voting power to a representative, to enable a vote in absence
Proxy_voting
Preserved physical characteristics allowing reconstruction of past climatic conditions
In the study of past climates ("paleoclimatology"), climate proxies are preserved physical, chemical, and even biological characteristics of the past
Proxy_(climate)
Methods to bypass internet censorship
user in leveraging technical proxies to circumvent Internet censorship: Web proxy server: A Web proxy server (or web proxy) allows users to load external
Internet censorship circumvention
Internet_censorship_circumvention
Tactic used mainly by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) in Northern Ireland
The proxy bomb, also known as a human bomb, is a tactic that was used mainly by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) in Northern Ireland during
Proxy_bomb
Temperature trends in the Common Era
record of the last 2,000 years is reconstructed using data from climate proxy records in conjunction with the modern instrumental temperature record which
Temperature record of the last 2,000 years
Temperature_record_of_the_last_2,000_years
Methodology for the study of ancient temperatures
estimate of the ambient temperature at the time of formation of a natural material. Most paleothermometers are based on empirically calibrated proxy relationships
Paleothermometer
Internet software utility
explained that its detection was based on the software operating similarly to various Trojan horses, based on the use of proxies to penetrate firewalls used
Freegate
Average temperature of the Earth's surface
comes mainly from weather stations and satellites. To estimate data in the distant past, proxy data can be used for example from tree rings, corals, and
Global_surface_temperature
Organization coordinating policy priorities and candidates for government positions
fact a proxy political actor, directly or indirectly controlled by another political party, group or organization, formal or informal. Proxy political
Political_party
Casualties of conflict from 2003 to 2011
have come in several forms, and those estimates of different types of Iraq War casualties vary greatly. Estimating war-related deaths poses many challenges
Casualties_of_the_Iraq_War
Unit of measurement
his work. LOC measures are not useful during early project phases where estimating the number of lines of code that will be delivered is challenging. However
Function_point
Privacy-focused search engine
browsing feature that allows users the option to open search results via proxy for increased anonymity. Startpage is owned and operated by Surfboard Holding
Startpage
administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau, and access gaming through offshore based proxy betting and online gambling companies. Gambling is generally illegal
Gambling_in_China
Shadow library search engine
servers that are proxied through separate providers to shield the actual hosting infrastructure from legal requests. Multiple redundant proxy servers and application
Anna's_Archive
Domain name system provided by Cisco
January 2014 the Intelligent Proxy feature was added to the Umbrella suite. The OpenDNS Intelligent Proxy only proxies connections if the requested domain
OpenDNS
Iranian support for Hezbollah
Hezbollah's formation and development. Hezbollah has functioned as Iran's proxy since its inception, and is considered to be part of the "Axis of Resistance"
Hezbollah–Iran_relations
Iran-led military coalition in West Asia
organizations, but between 2014 and 2017, the United States military and Iranian proxy forces under Qasem Soleimani effectively conducted their offensives in unison
Axis_of_Resistance
population (per capita). Gross domestic product per capita is often used as a proxy indicator of a country's standard of living; however, this is inaccurate
List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita
Procurement strategy that focuses on results
Performance-based contracting (PBC), or results-based contracting, is a procurement strategy used to achieve measurable supplier performance. A PBC approach
Performance-based_contracting
Chinese internet regulations
identity. Academics have proposed solutions such as Salmon, a volunteer-based proxy network designed to combat censorship. Dynamic IPs are quite effective
Great_Firewall
Type of murder
murdered in the name of honour. Moral standards in a community tend to be based on different codes of behavior for men and women, particularly with regard
Honor_killing
comparable at the international level. UNODC uses the homicide rate as a proxy for overall violence, as this type of crime is one of the most accurately
List of countries by intentional homicide rate
List_of_countries_by_intentional_homicide_rate
Option for employee to share in company stock
2025-01-29. "PwC Stock-based compensation guide—Excess tax benefits". PwC. Retrieved 2025-01-29. "Daily Journal Corporation Proxy Statement". Retrieved
Employee_stock_option
Pricing strategy
time-based pricing and variable pricing, is a revenue management pricing strategy in which businesses set flexible prices for products or services based on
Dynamic_pricing
Type of forecasting
use the estimates to monitor the state of the economy in real-time as a proxy for official measures. While weather forecasters know weather conditions
Nowcasting_(economics)
Burenstam Linder, Stockholm: Almqvist & Wicksell, 1961. This means of estimating similar preferences (from income statistics) was first suggested by Linder
Linder_hypothesis
Grouping a set of objects by similarity
the kernel density estimate, which results in over-fragmentation of cluster tails. Density-based clustering examples Density-based clustering with DBSCAN
Cluster_analysis
Synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide by biological organisms
estimation techniques involve various methods of estimating dry-weight biomass changes over time. Biomass estimates are often converted to an energy measure,
Primary_production
People in Sweden who identify as Bosniaks
demographic estimates commonly use persons born in Bosnia and Herzegovina, or born in Sweden to one or two parents born there, as a proxy category. This
Bosniaks_in_Sweden
Houthi involvement in the Gaza war
Kingdom. The crisis is linked to the Middle Eastern crisis, the Iran–Israel proxy conflict, and the Yemeni crisis. Since 2014, the Houthis, who oppose Yemen's
Red_Sea_crisis
Natural disaster in Europe
Switzerland and the Czech Republic were estimated using plant phenological (phenology) and cold-related proxy data alongside detailed reports (historical
The year-round heat and drought of 1540 in Europe
The_year-round_heat_and_drought_of_1540_in_Europe
Natural disaster in Europe
often contain indirect information on temperature conditions (known as proxy data), such as observations of cultivated plants (known as phenology) in
1473 heat and drought in Europe
1473_heat_and_drought_in_Europe
Low "effective" tax rates for foreign corporations
does not estimate the scale of their activities). Zucman, Tørsløv, and Wier advocate profitability of U.S. corporates in the haven as a proxy. This is
Corporate_haven
Graph in climate science
distant past, as shown by quantitative climate reconstructions based on climate proxy records, in relation to instrumental temperature records which only
Hockey stick graph (global temperature)
Hockey_stick_graph_(global_temperature)
Human-caused changes to climate on Earth
set of regions. Climate information for that period comes from climate proxies, such as trees and ice cores. Around 1850 thermometer records began to
Climate_change
Shareholder using equity to pressure management
minority shareholders. Shareholder activism can take any of several forms: proxy battles, publicity campaigns, shareholder resolutions, litigation, and negotiations
Shareholder_activism
Website providing torrent files and magnet links
providers (ISPs) have been ordered to block access to it. Subsequently, proxy websites have emerged to circumvent the blocks. In April 2009, the website's
The_Pirate_Bay
Infrastructure and construction company
doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000015615/000114036125013277/ny20042294x1_def14a.htm#tSO 2026 Proxy statement, p. 65 "Stock Portfolio & Tracker – Yahoo Finance". Daily Finance
MasTec
2000-year global temperature reconstruction based on non-tree ring proxies". Mann et al. 2008 "Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface
List of large-scale temperature reconstructions of the last 2,000 years
List_of_large-scale_temperature_reconstructions_of_the_last_2,000_years
Species of bivalve
Retrieved 1 January 2023. Rumble, JM; Hebert, KP; Siddon, CE (2012). "Estimating Geoduck Harvest Rate and Show Factors in Southeast Alaska". In: Steller
Geoduck
American digital asset exchange company
February 13, 2025. Retrieved February 14, 2025. "Coinbase Global, Inc. 2022 Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. April
Coinbase
Security issue for web applications
publicly reported security vulnerability, with some researchers in 2007 estimating as many as 68% of websites are likely open to XSS attacks. There is no
Cross-site_scripting
Extension of a private network across a public one
subject to fines and legal prosecution. Based on its estimates of leaked government documents, ChinaFile estimated in 2026 that VPN demand in China was in
Virtual_private_network
Registered charity in Cambridge, England
web pages". These companies may use transparent proxies or other techniques. Using a transparent proxy has the unintended side effect, quite independent
Internet_Watch_Foundation
State-sponsored abduction and transfer to a third country
Angeles Times in 2005 seems[vague] to corroborate the claims of "torture by proxy." It mentions the attorneys for Majid Mahmud Abdu Ahmad, a detainee held
Extraordinary_rendition
Mass killing of protesters in Iran
Guardian estimated that the death toll could be more than 30,000, based on an estimated factor of ten undercount in the official death toll. AP News reported
2025–2026_Iran_massacres
Ongoing armed conflict in West Asia
Starting in the 1985, Iran began engaging in proxy conflicts throughout the Middle East. These proxy groups became part of the informal 'Axis of Resistance'
2026_Iran_war
contains most of the major global tax havens (see GDP-per-capita tax haven proxy for more detail): Big Mac Index – Economic index published by The Economist
List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita
Status of owning a firearm
reveals: More than one billion firearms in the world smallarmssurvey.org Estimating Global CivilianHELD Firearms Numbers. Aaron Karp. June 2018 "How Many
Gun_ownership
American hedge fund manager (born 1966)
Automatic Data Processing (ADP) and launched a proxy fight to acquire 3 board seats. He lost the three-month proxy fight and exited the stock in 2019. In 2021
Bill_Ackman
American hedge fund manager (born 1955)
" An example of a proxy event investment Paulson made was during Yahoo's proxy contest in May 2008, when Carl Icahn launched a proxy fight to try to replace
John_Paulson
American businessman (born 1944)
original on February 23, 2013. Retrieved October 28, 2012. "Definitive Proxy Statement". Securities and Exchange Commission. Archived from the original
Larry_Ellison
Potential business transaction
At the same time, Paramount indicated that it was prepared to pursue a proxy fight. The company announced plans to nominate its own slate of directors
Proposed acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery by Paramount Skydance
Proposed_acquisition_of_Warner_Bros._Discovery_by_Paramount_Skydance
Aggregate value of all capital assets in a given region
Index calculation is based on estimating stocks of human, natural and produced (manufactured) capital which make up the productive base of an economy. Biennial
Inclusive_wealth
Geochronological techniques for estimating length of time rock has been exposed
Surface exposure dating is a collection of geochronological techniques for estimating the length of time that a rock has been exposed at or near Earth's surface
Surface_exposure_dating
Measure used to describe relative energy expenditure
mass); or it can be estimated from age, sex, height, body mass, and estimated fitness level (which in part functions as a proxy for lean body mass).
Metabolic_equivalent_of_task
Conditional cash transfer program
Estimate (SAE) survey from the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) are eligible. The poorest among the poor are selected through a proxy-means
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
Pantawid_Pamilyang_Pilipino_Program
Computer providing a central resource or service
which a server is used. Almost the entire structure of the Internet is based upon a client–server model. High-level root nameservers, DNS, and routers
Server_(computing)
Science of determining past climates from trees
density (MXD) have been shown to be better proxies than simple ring width. Using tree rings, scientists have estimated many local climates for hundreds to thousands
Dendroclimatology
Continent
absorbed by others. Yet international conflicts have played out by support for proxy armies or rebel movements. Many states have experienced civil wars: including
Africa
Country in Central Africa
Neighboring countries have been accused of arming rebel groups and using them as proxies to gain control of the resource-rich country. In March 2013, the United
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Very long term changes in Earth's temperature
are also useful. Often, many are used in conjunction to get a multi-proxy estimate for the temperature. This has proven crucial in studies on glacial/interglacial
Geologic_temperature_record
Country in Central Asia
2012 the government toughened internet censorship by blocking access to proxy servers. Reporters Without Borders has named Uzbekistan's government an
Uzbekistan
London-based daily shipping index
London-based Baltic Exchange. The BDI is a composite of the Capesize, Panamax and Supramax timecharter averages. It is reported around the world as a proxy for
Baltic_Dry_Index
American biotechnology company
animals are neither dire wolves nor proxies of the dire wolves based on the IUCN SSC guiding principles on creating proxies of extinct species for conservation
Colossal_Biosciences
Change in glacial cycles c. 1m years ago
damping hypothesis). This hypothesis is based on the observational evidence of obliquity damping in climate proxies and sea-level record during the Last
Mid-Pleistocene_Transition
Former online illegal movie streaming site network
according to SimilarWeb data. The site is currently using a chain of reverse proxy services in the United States, Iran and Romania to curb rights holders'
123Movies
NRSRO credit rating agency
firm covers all client equity holdings, and its recommendations are based on proxy voting guidelines chosen by the client. According to Egan-Jones' methodology
Egan-Jones_Ratings_Company
Civil conflict over control of Port-au-Prince
led by Jimmy Chérizier, nicknamed Barbecue, an ex-police officer. G9 is based in the capital's communes of Delmas, Pétion-Ville and parts of Carrefour
Haitian_conflict
Advisory Services India Limited (known colloquially as IiAS) is an Indian proxy firm that provides voting recommendations on shareholder resolutions of
Institutional Investor Advisory Services
Institutional_Investor_Advisory_Services
Shia Pakistani militia
Iraq and to protect IRGC interests in Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict also in Iran–Israel proxy conflict. It had operated primarily in Damascus, Aleppo
Liwa_Zainabiyoun
Activities associated with group decisions
thieves". The term "proxy politics" refers to specific forms of political influences and actions that are conducted through proxy political parties (mainly
Politics
Used to help answer questions about Earth's carbon cycle
errors in fitting signals to obtain XCO2, space-based observations may also be compared with ground-based observations such as those from the TCCON. In
Space-based measurements of carbon dioxide
Space-based_measurements_of_carbon_dioxide
Geomagnetic storm in 1859
An event in 7176 BCE may have exceeded even the 774–775 CE event based on this proxy data. Whether the physics of solar flares is similar to that of even
Carrington_Event
Process in Economics
also be misvalued. Short-term: Multiples are based on historic data or near-term forecasts. Valuations based on multiples will therefore fail to capture
Valuation_using_multiples
Facility directly owned and operated by or for the military
A military base is a facility directly owned and operated by or for the military or one of its branches that shelters military equipment and personnel
Military_base
Country in West Asia
Retrieved 30 January 2024. "US intelligence officials estimate Tehran does not have full control of its proxy groups". Politico. 2 January 2024. Archived from
Iran
King of the United Kingdom since 2022
marriage, for whom Charles's great-great-uncle the Earl of Athlone stood proxy); Queen Mary (his maternal great-grandmother); Princess Margaret (his maternal
Charles_III
Large peer-to-peer network by Nullsoft
search results. The client connects to one of these push proxies using an HTTP request and the proxy sends a push request to a leaf on behalf of the client
Gnutella
Canadian entrepreneur and investor (born 1986)
says Wedbush". MarketWatch. Retrieved June 23, 2026. "Schedule 14A - 2026 Proxy Statement". SEC. May 20, 2026. Retrieved June 23, 2026. Chapman, Michelle
Ryan_Cohen
Political party in the United Kingdom
23 February 2026. The CEC election was described by party insiders as a "proxy war" between Corbyn and Sultana. Sultana endorsed a "Grassroots Left" slate
Your_Party_(UK)
Symbol which represents the likelihood of a human-made global catastrophe
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Maintained since 1947, the Clock is a proxy mechanism for threats to humanity from unchecked scientific and technological
Doomsday_Clock
Island and region in Indonesia
East Indies. During the short-lived Daendels administration, as French proxy rule on Java, the construction of the Great Post Road was commenced in 1808
Java
American healthcare company
home developments, they then replaced the existing management in a bitter proxy battle. In 1984, the company adopted the name Danaher and reincorporated
Danaher_Corporation
Open-source web server software
negotiation .htaccess per-directory configuration support Reverse proxy with caching (module mod_proxy) Load balancing with in-band health checks Multiple load
Apache_HTTP_Server
American health technology company
Masimo. In September 2024, founder and CEO Joe Kiani resigned following a proxy contest involving an activist investor. On May 7, 2025, Masimo announced
Masimo
Hypothetical interest rate on a risk-free investment
riskless rate is better proxied by the swap rate than the Treasury rate for all maturities." Another possibility used to estimate the risk-free rate is
Risk-free_rate
risk of being merged the Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict with the Iran–Israel proxy conflict due to the informal pro-US Azerbaijan–Israel and pro-Russia Armenia–Iran
Economic impact of the 2026 Iran war
Economic_impact_of_the_2026_Iran_war
Conflict resulted from the Syrian Civil War
from 2011 onwards, the conflict between Iran and Israel shifted from a proxy war into a direct confrontation by early 2018. One of the first reported
Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war
Iran–Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war
Canadian businessman (born 1955)
for making poor business strategy choices. In March 2026, he started a proxy contest, which included launching a website, calling for change at Lululemon
Chip_Wilson
attacks on Saudi military targets and commercial vessels in the Red Sea. This proxy warfare allows Iran to challenge Saudi Arabia without direct involvement
Iranian support for the Houthis
Iranian_support_for_the_Houthis
PROXY BASED-ESTIMATING
PROXY BASED-ESTIMATING
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian, Farsi
Dawn
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Roxie, ROXY means "dawn."
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Phonetic Name Based on Initials
Boy/Male
English
Phonetic name based on initials.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Brave
Boy/Male
Indian
Base
Boy/Male
Arabic, French, Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Muslim, Sindhi
Joy; Solved; Based
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.French : habitational name from a place so named in Jura.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Smiling
Girl/Female
American, British, English
God is Gracious; Modern Name Based on Jane or Jean; Based on Janai
Boy/Male
Tamil
Base
Girl/Female
British, English
Based
Girl/Female
Persian American
Dawn; bright.
Girl/Female
English American
Based on Natasha meaning birthday.
Boy/Male
English
Phonetic name based on initials.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Smiling
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian
Smiling
Male
Egyptian
, the father of Hor-imhotep.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Phonetic Name Based on Initials
Boy/Male
Afghan, African, Arabic, Australian, Chinese, Greek, Indian, Muslim
Brave
PROXY BASED-ESTIMATING
PROXY BASED-ESTIMATING
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Master of the Right Path
Boy/Male
Tamil
Goddess Durga, Goddess Parvati
Girl/Female
Arabic, Portuguese
Princess of the Night
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, German, Greek, Swedish
Pearl
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Contentment; Approval
Girl/Female
Hindu
Humble, Unassuming, Obedience, Knowledge, Venus, Requester
Male
Arthurian
, knight of the Stranger Beast.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
The Thing which is Sweetest to Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
Scottish Welsh English
Royal chieftain. Surname.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Niharika | நிஹாரிகா
Dew drops, Bunches of star, Nebula
PROXY BASED-ESTIMATING
PROXY BASED-ESTIMATING
PROXY BASED-ESTIMATING
PROXY BASED-ESTIMATING
PROXY BASED-ESTIMATING
adv.
In a prosy manner.
v. t.
To perform by proxy; to employ as a proxy.
n.
See Procuration.
n.
Same as Prison base.
a.
Deep or grave in sound; as, the base tone of a violin.
a.
Alloyed with inferior metal; debased; as, base coin; base bullion.
a.
Reduced; lowered; restrained; as, to speak with bated breath.
n.
The office or agency of a proxy.
imp. & p. p.
of Base
a.
Not held by honorable service; as, a base estate, one held by services not honorable; held by villenage. Such a tenure is called base, or low, and the tenant, a base tenant.
pl.
of Proxy
a.
Having a base, or having as a base; supported; as, broad-based.
n.
A substitute; a proxy; an agent.
n.
The written appointment of a proctor in suits in the ecclesiastical courts.
n.
Authority to act for another; a proxy.
n.
Wearing, or protected by, bases.
a.
Morally low. Hence: Low-minded; unworthy; without dignity of sentiment; ignoble; mean; illiberal; menial; as, a base fellow; base motives; base occupations.
n.
A rustic play; -- called also prisoner's base, prison base, or bars.
n.
A pie; baked food.
v. i.
To act or vote by proxy; to do anything by the agency of another.