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Concept for changes to the energy flows through a planetary atmosphere
Radiative forcing (or climate forcing) is a concept used to quantify a change to the balance of energy flowing through a planetary atmosphere. Various
Radiative_forcing
Feedback between climate change and the effect of clouds on radiation
conditions, is described as the cloud radiative effect (CRE). This is also sometimes referred to as cloud radiative forcing (CRF). However, since cloud changes
Cloud_feedback
Concept in climate science
warming per radiative forcing. To a first approximation, the cause of the radiative imbalance does not matter. However, radiative forcing from sources
Climate_sensitivity
Potential heat absorbed by a greenhouse gas
greenhouse gas lifetimes, radiative efficiencies and metrics (PDF), IPCC, 2021, p. 7SM-24. National Research Council (2005). Radiative Forcing of Climate Change:
Global_warming_potential
Formula for radiative heat transfer
increase in GHGs will slow down the rate of radiative cooling to space, i.e. produce a radiative forcing until a saturation point is reached. At steady
Schwarzschild's equation for radiative transfer
Schwarzschild's_equation_for_radiative_transfer
Heat-trapping gas in an atmosphere
radiation with the surface and limit radiative heat flow away from it, which reduces the overall rate of upward radiative heat transfer. The increased concentration
Greenhouse_gas
Methane (CH4) in Earth's atmosphere
methane's radiative forcing (RF) in a 2016 Geophysical Research Letters journal article which incorporated the shortwave bands of CH4 in measuring forcing, not
Atmospheric_methane
Component of fine particulate matter
averaged radiative forcing after carbon dioxide (CO2), and that the radiative forcing of black carbon is "as much as 55% of the CO2 forcing and is larger
Black_carbon
Loss of heat by thermal radiation
daytime radiative cooling (PDRC)—also called passive radiative cooling, daytime passive radiative cooling, radiative sky cooling, photonic radiative cooling
Radiative_cooling
Effect of emissions from aircraft engines
contrail-induced cirrus clouds (which is not accurately quantified), the radiative forcing of jet exhaust is estimated at 1.3–1.4 times that of CO2 alone. In
Environmental impact of aviation
Environmental_impact_of_aviation
Human-caused changes to climate on Earth
sunlight. Indirect effects of aerosols are the largest uncertainty in radiative forcing. While aerosols typically limit global warming by reflecting sunlight
Climate_change
activities can also impose forcings, for example, through changing the composition of Earth's atmosphere. Radiative forcing is a measure of how various
Causes_of_climate_change
coastal flooding events has increased ~12-fold, with human-driven radiative forcing alone quadrupling their likelihood. — applying extreme event attribution
2026_in_climate_change
Gaseous fossil fuel
fuels overall. Much of this is driven by methane's greater effect on radiative forcing. Globally, new installed natural gas infrastructure is one of the
Natural_gas
Atmospheric phenomenon
have produced 0.34 ± 0.03 W/m2 of radiative forcing, corresponding to about 14 percent of the total radiative forcing from increases in the concentrations
Ozone_depletion
Probabilistic problem-solving algorithm
on Monte Carlo methods in probability density function analysis of radiative forcing. Monte Carlo methods are used in various fields of computational biology
Monte_Carlo_method
Topics referred to by the same term
variables. In differential calculus as applied in climate science, radiative forcing In interaction design, a behavior-shaping constraint, a means of preventing
Forcing_function
Atmospheric heat retention
energy flows reduce radiative surface cooling (net upward radiative energy flow). Latent heat transport and thermals provide non-radiative surface cooling
Greenhouse_effect
Proposed cloud-seeding technique
technique could produce up to 2 W/m2 of negative radiative forcing, which is less than human-caused radiative forcing of almost 3 W/m2. The climatic impacts of
Marine_cloud_brightening
Projections used in climate change modeling
5, RCP6, and RCP8.5 – are labelled after the expected changes in radiative forcing values from the year 1750 to the year 2100 (2.6, 4.5, 6, and 8.5 W/m2
Representative Concentration Pathway
Representative_Concentration_Pathway
Concept for energy flows to and from Earth
multi-layered atmosphere is governed by radiative transfer equations such as Schwarzschild's equation for radiative transfer (or more complex equations if
Earth's_energy_budget
2001 United Nations climate change assessment
short-lived and mostly produce negative radiative forcing; Natural factors have made small contributions to radiative forcing over the past century) Confidence
IPCC_Third_Assessment_Report
Unintended release of gases
gases over the past several decades contributes more than 10% of the radiative forcing which drives global climate change as of year 2020. Moreover, the
Fugitive_emission
Microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended in the Earth's atmosphere
direct radiative forcing of atmospheric black carbon is +0.71 W/m2 with 90% uncertainty bounds of (+0.08, +1.27) W/m2" with "total direct forcing by all-black
Particulate_matter
Type of solar radiation modification
technique. Research has suggested that this technique may have a high radiative 'forcing potential'., yet can be finely tuned according to how much cooling
Stratospheric aerosol injection
Stratospheric_aerosol_injection
Climatic and oceanographic cycle affecting Southeast Asia, Australia and Africa
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change Orbital forcing Radiative forcing Research and modelling Climate change scenario Climate model Coupled
Indian_Ocean_Dipole
Positive feedback climate process
0.21 watts per square meter (W/m2) of radiative forcing, which is equivalent to a quarter of radiative forcing from CO2 increases over the same period
Ice–albedo_feedback
Earth's surface. Ozone depletion in the stratosphere has had a negative radiative forcing impact; however, anthropogenic increases in tropospheric abundance
Ozone depletion and climate change
Ozone_depletion_and_climate_change
American climate scientist and astrophysicist
decision-making. His research has focused on aerosol radiative effects and radiative transfer models, radiative forcing, greenhouse gases, and the Rapid Radiation
William_D._Collins
Constituent gas of the troposphere
greenhouse gas after CO2 and CH4, as indicated by estimates of its radiative forcing. Photochemical and chemical reactions involving ozone drive many of
Ground-level_ozone
calculations that he contributed to the pre-Kyoto IPCC report on Radiative Forcing of Climate. More recently he has been addressing the claims made in
Ian_G._Enting
Climate change scenarios
which they are based (SSP1-SSP5), combined with the expected level of radiative forcing in the year 2100 (1.9 to 8.5 W/m2) compared with the pre-industrial
Shared_Socioeconomic_Pathways
Volcano that has erupted with a volcanic explosivity index of 8
(2023). "Bipolar ice-core records constrain possible dates and global radiative forcing following the ~74 ka Toba eruption". Quaternary Science Reviews. 312
Supervolcano
Synthetic organic compounds
dioxide equivalent in 2010 – causing international concern about their radiative forcing. Fluorocarbons with few C–F bonds behave similarly to the parent hydrocarbons
Hydrofluorocarbon
Gaseous phase of water
Shippert TR (February 25, 2015). "Observational determination of surface radiative forcing by CO2 from 2000 to 2010". Nature. 519 (7543): 339–343. Bibcode:2015Natur
Water_vapor
Cloud induced or caused by human activity
of Cia[when defined as?] due to contrails, IPCC estimates positive radiative forcing around 0.01 Wm−2.[citation needed] When annotating the weather data
Anthropogenic_cloud
Indian climate scientist
ISBN 978-1400105083. Retrieved 18 November 2015. Academies, Committee on Radiative Forcing Effects on Climate, Climate Research Committee, Board on Atmospheric
Venkatachalam_Ramaswamy
Calculation of radiative transfer of atmospheric electromagnetic radiation
An atmospheric radiative transfer model, code, or simulator calculates radiative transfer of electromagnetic radiation through a planetary atmosphere
Atmospheric radiative transfer codes
Atmospheric_radiative_transfer_codes
Chemical compound of sulfur and oxygen
Winker D, Stevens B (November 1, 2019). "Bounding Global Aerosol Radiative Forcing of Climate Change". Reviews of Geophysics. 58 (1) e2019RG000660. doi:10
Sulfur_dioxide
estimated contribution of solar irradiance to radiative forcing was 5% the value of the combined radiative forcing due to increases in the atmospheric concentrations
History of climate change science
History_of_climate_change_science
Disposal of unwanted methane gas from fossil fuels
for at least one-quarter and as much as one-third of the changes in radiative forcing that drive near-term climate warming. The ethane, propane, and butane
Gas_venting
Regulatory term for fluorinated greenhouse gases
man-made gases are responsible for about one-tenth of the direct radiative forcing from all long-lived anthropogenic greenhouse gases. F-gases are used
Fluorinated_gases
Rate of human-caused greenhouse gas emissions
short-lived gases cause an immediate decline in the resulting radiative forcing. Radiative forcing is the change in the Earth's energy balance that they cause
Net-zero_emissions
focuses on the ethical dimensions of climate change. climate forcing Also called radiative forcing - an energy imbalance imposed on the climate system either
Glossary_of_climate_change
Periodic change in the Sun's activity
has a radiative core surrounded by a convective envelope, and at the boundary of these two is the tachocline. However, brown dwarfs lack radiative cores
Solar_cycle
Topics referred to by the same term
function, erf Exponential response formula Effective radiative forcing, a concept to compare radiative forcing in climate models ERF (gene), coding for ETS domain-containing
ERF
Thermal engineering discipline concerning transfer of heat in physical systems
instantaneous radiative forcing. Earth's surface temperature and troposphere warm in response to this forcing, gradually restoring the radiative balance at
Heat_transfer
Triatomic oxygen molecule
strong radiative forcing effects on regional scales. In fact, there are regions of the world where tropospheric ozone has a radiative forcing up to 150%
Ozone
Topics referred to by the same term
fraction Rest frame Retardation factor in a chromatographic system Radiative forcing, the change in energy flux in the atmosphere caused by climate change
RF_(disambiguation)
Long, thin artificial clouds that sometimes form behind aircraft
reflect incoming solar radiation, resulting in a net increase in radiative forcing of around 0.03–0.06 watts per square meter (W/m²). Contrail effects
Contrail
Management strategy for global warming
daytime radiative cooling (PDRC)—also called passive radiative cooling, daytime passive radiative cooling, radiative sky cooling, photonic radiative cooling
Passive daytime radiative cooling
Passive_daytime_radiative_cooling
Measurement of electromagnetic radiation
response processes to radiative forcing on decadal time scales. The observed 0.1% irradiance increase imparts 0.22 W/m2 climate forcing, which suggests a
Solar_irradiance
British climate scientist and professor
and the way the Earth responds. He is best known for his work on radiative forcing, climate sensitivity, aviation-climate effects, climate engineering
Piers_Forster
Interactions that create Earth's climate
components. The primary value to quantify and compare climate forcings is radiative forcing. The Sun is the predominant source of energy input to the Earth
Climate_system
Carbon-oxygen gas
as Priestley knew it) on chalk in order to produce carbon dioxide, and forcing the gas to dissolve by agitating a bowl of water in contact with the gas
Carbon_dioxide
Study of changes in ancient climate
surface. Dependent on the radiative balance of incoming and outgoing energy, the Earth either warms up or cools down. Earth's radiative balance originates from
Paleoclimatology
Hydrocarbon compound (CH4) in natural gas
century. In 2013, atmospheric methane accounted for 20% of the total radiative forcing from all of the long-lived and globally mixed greenhouse gases. Between
Methane
Lowest part of the atmosphere directly influenced by contact with the planetary surface
planetary surface. On Earth it usually responds to changes in surface radiative forcing in an hour or less. In this layer physical quantities such as flow
Planetary_boundary_layer
infrared radiation (heat), which causes atmospheric warming (see "radiative forcing"). Thus, surfaces with a high albedo, like snow and ice, generally
Glossary of environmental science
Glossary_of_environmental_science
Evaluation of climate change by the scientific community
"Total radiative forcing is positive and has led to an uptake of energy by the climate system. The largest contribution to total radiative forcing is caused
Scientific consensus on climate change
Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change
Chemical compound
1-Difluoroethane at Sigma-Aldrich "Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing" (PDF). Cambridge University Press. 2007. p. 212. Retrieved 11 May
1,1-Difluoroethane
How much global warming depends on atmospheric carbon dioxide
response to the change in radiative forcing: T C R E =△ T / R F {\displaystyle TCRE=\bigtriangleup T/RF} where, RF = radiative forcing (W/m2) taken at the top
Transient_climate_response
Simplified, minimalistic lifestyle
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change Orbital forcing Radiative forcing Research and modelling Climate change scenario Climate model Coupled
Simple_living
Greater solar radiation reflected by clouds
This is an indirect effect (or radiative forcing) by such particles, as distinguished from direct effects (forcing) due to enhanced scattering or absorbing
Twomey_effect
Pedagogical illustration of how the greenhouse effect causes global warming
}{\epsilon }}} is the radiative forcing, divided by the total energy flux radiated by Earth. The relative change in the total radiated energy flux due to
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change
Illustrative_model_of_greenhouse_effect_on_climate_change
Type of pollution from oil and natural gas drilling and coal mining
Natural Radiative Forcing" (PDF). IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. pp. 659–740. Etminan, M.; Myhre, G.; Highwood, E. J.; Shine, K. P. (2016-12-28). "Radiative forcing of
Fugitive_gas_emissions
Physical mechanism affecting sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean
thermostat is a physical mechanism through which changes in the mean radiative forcing influence the gradients of sea surface temperatures in the Pacific
Ocean_dynamical_thermostat
HFC, hydrofluoroalkane refrigerant
14 years. Its concentration in the atmosphere and contribution to radiative forcing have been growing since its introduction. Thus it was included in
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane
Product used for dusting devices
Retrieved 26 February 2021. "Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing" (PDF). Cambridge University Press. 2007. p. 212. Retrieved 11 May
Gas_duster
Science and craft of managing woodlands
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change Orbital forcing Radiative forcing Research and modelling Climate change scenario Climate model Coupled
Forestry
Sources of methane gas in Earth's atmosphere
radiative forcing. When such interactions occur, longer-lived and less-potent CO2 is also produced. Including both the direct and indirect forcings,
Methane_emissions
semi-direct aerosol effects resulting in a large uncertainty in the radiative forcing due to aerosols. Particulates and soot IPCC 4th Assessment Report
Albrecht_effect
Second epoch of the Paleogene Period
low temperatures. Polar stratospheric clouds have a great impact on radiative forcing. Due to their minimal albedo properties and their optical thickness
Eocene
Large-scale methods to reflect sunlight and cool Earth
reflect more sunlight. A 1% increase in planetary albedo could reduce radiative forcing by 2.35 W/m2, offsetting most of the warming from current greenhouse
Solar_radiation_modification
Reduction in the amount of sunlight reaching Earth's surface
between 3.5 mW/m2 and 17 mW/m2 – hundreds of times smaller than the radiative forcing from major greenhouse gases. However, some scientists argued that
Global_dimming
Topics referred to by the same term
season Radiative forcing, the difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy in a given climate system Forcing (magic)
Forcing
Climate effect
first acceleration is attributed to the increase in anthropogenic radiative forcing in the region, which is in turn likely connected to the reductions
Polar_amplification
Long-term weather pattern of a region
Renato (2008-02-05). "Rates of change in natural and anthropogenic radiative forcing over the past 20,000 years". Proceedings of the National Academy of
Climate
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change Orbital forcing Radiative forcing Research and modelling Climate change scenario Climate model Coupled
List of locations and entities by greenhouse gas emissions
List_of_locations_and_entities_by_greenhouse_gas_emissions
Climatic effect causing a planet's atmosphere to trap heat and prevent cooling
considers a grey stratosphere in radiative equilibrium. A grey stratosphere (or atmosphere) is an approach to modeling radiative transfer that does not take
Runaway_greenhouse_effect
Anion of sulfur with 4 oxygen atoms
Jostein K.; Isaksen, Ivar S. A. (1 March 2004). "Uncertainties in the Radiative Forcing Due to Sulfate Aerosols". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 61
Sulfate
American physicist
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change Orbital forcing Radiative forcing Research and modelling Climate change scenario Climate model Coupled
Richard_A._Muller
Geological era
last 740,000 years alone. Changes in atmospheric CO2 and associated radiative forcing were among the primary drivers of globally cold glacial and warm interglacial
Glacial_period
List of debates over global warming
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change Orbital forcing Radiative forcing Research and modelling Climate change scenario Climate model Coupled
List of climate change controversies
List_of_climate_change_controversies
Field of scientific study
climate: Solar irradiance changes directly affecting the climate ("radiative forcing"). This is generally considered to be a minor effect, as the measured
Solar_activity_and_climate
Greenhouse agriculture in southern Spain
Alicia (2008). "Surface temperature cooling trends and negative radiative forcing due to land use change toward greenhouse farming in southeastern Spain"
Intensive_farming_in_Almería
Topics referred to by the same term
friction, a coefficient that measures the rolling resistance Cloud radiative forcing, the difference between the radiation budget components for average
CRF
Dorland (2007). "Chapter 2: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing". In Solomon, S.; Miller, H.L.; Tignor, M.; Averyt, K.B.; Marquis
List_of_refrigerants
2007 IPCC report
pre-industrial conditions. Total radiative forcing from the sum of all human activities is about +1.6 watts/m2 Radiative forcing from an increase of solar intensity
IPCC_Fourth_Assessment_Report
Natural aerosol deriving from sea spray
mean radiative forcing induced by sea salt direct effect, but most of the previous studies give a number around 0.6-1.0 W m−2. Radiative forcing caused
Sea_salt_aerosol
Stand of trees losing health and dying
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change Orbital forcing Radiative forcing Research and modelling Climate change scenario Climate model Coupled
Forest_dieback
Impact of human life on Earth and environment
affects human health (e.g. respiratory diseases, cancer) increases in radiative forcing and global warming decreased agricultural productivity due to ozone
Human impact on the environment
Human_impact_on_the_environment
Region of a star
A radiative zone is a layer of a star's interior where energy is primarily transported toward the exterior by means of radiative diffusion and thermal
Radiative_zone
2021 political proposal
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change Orbital forcing Radiative forcing Research and modelling Climate change scenario Climate model Coupled
Red Deal: Indigenous Action to Save Our Earth
Red_Deal:_Indigenous_Action_to_Save_Our_Earth
Climate change mitigation policy
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change Orbital forcing Radiative forcing Research and modelling Climate change scenario Climate model Coupled
REDD+
Feedback related to climate change
While emissions are the forcing that causes climate change, feedbacks combine to control climate sensitivity to that forcing. While the overall sum of
Climate_change_feedbacks
2018 United Nations climate change report
anthropogenic emissions other than CO2 that result in radiative forcing. These include short-lived climate forcers, such as methane, some fluorinated gases, ozone
Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C
Special_Report_on_Global_Warming_of_1.5_°C
Hypothetical representation of potential future conditions
Ramaswamy; et al. (2018). "The Historical Evolution of the Radiative Forcing Concept, the Forcing Agents and their Quantification". Meteorological Monographs:
Climate_change_scenario
Small particles on which water vapor condenses
ocean surfaces in hopes of lowering surface temperatures through radiative forcing. Many methods involve the creation of small droplets of seawater to
Cloud_condensation_nuclei
Fuel derived from biological sources
savings through the use of substitute fuel components in petrol. No longer in force, Date of end of validity: 31 December 1999; Repealed by 31998L0070. "Impact
Biofuel
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RADIATIVE FORCING
RADIATIVE FORCING
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Radiating the Divine Light
Girl/Female
Tamil
Ratnaprabha | ரதà¯à®¨à®ªà¯à®°à®ªà®¾
Radiation from the diamonds
Ratnaprabha | ரதà¯à®¨à®ªà¯à®°à®ªà®¾
Girl/Female
Hindu
Radiation from the diamonds
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Eyes Radiating Grace
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Thought that Radiate; Wise
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Radiating the Divine Light
Boy/Male
Indian
Radiating the beauteous light, Matchless light, Flame
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Radiating the Light of Holy Word
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Radiating the Beautiful Light
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Radiating the Light of Naam
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Blissful Form; Radiating Bliss
Boy/Male
Indian
Radiating the light of peace, Tranquil light
Boy/Male
Indian
Radiating the beauteous light, Matchless light, Flame
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Radiating the Light of Virtue
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Radiating the Lord's Being
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Radiating the Light of Peace
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Radiating Heat
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Radiating the Beauteous Light
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh, Traditional
Of Blissful Form; Radiating Bliss
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Radiating the Light of Peace
RADIATIVE FORCING
RADIATIVE FORCING
RADIATIVE FORCING
RADIATIVE FORCING
RADIATIVE FORCING
RADIATIVE FORCING
RADIATIVE FORCING
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