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Species used as a model for restoration
A reference ecosystem, also known as an ecological reference, is a "community of organisms able to act as a model or benchmark for restoration." Reference
Reference_ecosystem
Community of living organisms together with the nonliving components of their environment
grouped by condition Agroecosystem Closed ecosystem Depauperate ecosystem Novel ecosystem Reference ecosystem Ecosystem instances in specific regions of the
Ecosystem
Topics referred to by the same term
may also reference: Business ecosystem Data ecosystem Developer ecosystem Digital ecosystem Entrepreneurship ecosystem Information ecosystem Knowledge
Ecosystem_(disambiguation)
Ecosystems found in mountains
Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures fall
Montane_ecosystem
Part of Earth's aquatic ecosystems
Freshwater ecosystems are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems that include the biological communities inhabiting freshwater waterbodies such as lakes
Freshwater_ecosystem
Type of ecosystem
A lake ecosystem or lacustrine ecosystem includes biotic (living) plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (non-living) physical and chemical
Lake_ecosystem
Human-created ecological niche
Novel ecosystems are human-built, modified, or engineered niches of the Anthropocene. They exist in places that have been altered in structure and function
Novel_ecosystem
Customer who publicly endorses a product
"From Product Platform Ecosystem to Innovation Platform Ecosystem: An Institutional Perspective on the Governance of Ecosystem Transformations". Journal
Reference_customer
Ecological niche
An ecosystem engineer is any species that creates, significantly modifies, maintains or destroys a habitat. These organisms can have a large impact on
Ecosystem_engineer
Type of business ecosystem
A startup ecosystem is formed by people in startups in their various stages, and various types of organizations in a location (physical or virtual) that
Startup_ecosystem
Study of organisms and their environment
Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. Ecology overlaps with the closely related sciences
Ecology
Set of consumer electronics products
The Galaxy Ecosystem refers to a set of consumer electronics products and cross-device software features developed by Samsung Electronics under the Samsung
Samsung_Galaxy_Ecosystem
The ecosystem approach is a conceptual framework for resolving ecosystem issues. The idea is to protect and manage the environment through the use of scientific
Ecosystem_approach
Description of the condition of an ecosystem
Ecosystem health is a metaphor used to describe the condition of an ecosystem. Ecosystem condition can vary as a result of fire, flooding, drought, extinctions
Ecosystem_health
Flora and fauna that has not been significantly disturbed
or "ecologically intact." Remnant natural areas are often used as reference ecosystems in ecological restoration projects. A remnant natural area can be
Remnant_natural_area
Diversity and variations in ecosystems
Ecosystem diversity deals with the variations in ecosystems within a geographical location and its overall impact on human existence and the environment
Ecosystem_diversity
Oxidation of organic compounds within an ecosystem
Ecosystem respiration is the sum of all respiration occurring by the living organisms in a specific ecosystem. The two main processes that contribute
Ecosystem_respiration
Scientific study of renewing and restoring ecosystems
Ecological restoration, or ecosystem restoration, is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, destroyed
Ecological_restoration
Process of restoring land to a different state
order to monitor the success of a restoration project, a reference model or reference ecosystem should be selected in order to make comparisons. Along with
Land_restoration
Language assessment rubric
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment, abbreviated in English as CEFR, CEF, or CEFRL, is a guideline
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
Common_European_Framework_of_Reference_for_Languages
Restoring of wilderness environments
ecological restoration in that rewilding aspires to reduce human influence on ecosystems. It is also distinct from other forms of restoration in that, while it
Rewilding
Set of approaches to adapt to climate change
Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) encompasses a broad set of approaches to adapt to climate change. They all involve the management of ecosystems and their
Ecosystem-based_adaptation
Wildland-ocean interface
A marine coastal ecosystem is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi)
Marine_coastal_ecosystem
Environmental impact assessment
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) is a major assessment of the human impact on the environment, called for by the United Nations Secretary-General
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
Millennium_Ecosystem_Assessment
Ecosystem decay is a term coined by Thomas Lovejoy to define the process of which species become extinct locally based on habitat fragmentation. This
Ecosystem_decay
Lake in Onondaga County, New York, U.S.
Biocultural restoration raises the bar for environmental quality of the reference ecosystem, so that as we care for the land, it can once again care for us.
Onondaga_Lake
Ecosystem in the Rocky Mountains
The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) is one of the last remaining large, nearly intact ecosystems in the northern temperate climate zone. It is located
Greater_Yellowstone_Ecosystem
Category of tropical climate influenced by the ocean
anticyclones during the dry season and tropical waves during the wet season. The ecosystems of the tropical marine climate have to adapt to the dry season. Plants
Tropical_marine_climate
Set of physical, social and cultural elements that favor the use of bicycles
A cycling ecosystem refers to the set of associated infrastructures and services, such as cycling networks, parking facilities, shops, repair shops, and
Cycling_ecosystem
The RISC-V ecosystem includes systems that boot with UEFI, handle power management with ACPI and run a variety of operating systems including Linux distributions
RISC-V_ecosystem
Ecological classification framework
Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification (BEC) is an ecological classification framework used in British Columbia to define, describe, and map ecosystem-based units
Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification
Biogeoclimatic_ecosystem_classification
Regulation of fishing
are put in place by a system of monitoring control and surveillance. An ecosystem approach to fisheries management has started to become a more relevant
Fisheries_management
Tar distillation byproduct used as wood preservative
the ecosystem's food chain. Bioaccumulation contributes to the higher concentrations of chemicals within the organisms in the aquatic ecosystems. Creolin
Creosote
Variety and variability of life forms
various levels, for example, genetic variability, species diversity, ecosystem diversity, and phylogenetic diversity. Diversity is not distributed evenly
Biodiversity
Country in northwestern Europe
2 trillion collectively, the UK innovation ecosystem is worth more than the French and German ecosystems combined. "UK tech sector retains #1 spot in
United_Kingdom
Country in South America
the most biodiverse countries in the world hosting one of the greatest ecosystem varieties in the world: 15 continental zones, 2 marine zones, and the
Argentina
Ecosystem valuation is an economic process which assigns a value (either monetary, biophysical, or other) to an ecosystem and/or its ecosystem services
Ecosystem_valuation
is used as metaphor, viewing the information space as an ecosystem, the information ecosystem. Information ecology also makes a connection to the concept
Information_ecology
Sandbar in Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine
Kinburn becoming a Natural Park in Ukraine, preserving the remaining ecosystem and wildlife, specifically the unique pink pelicans which live there
Kinburn_Spit
Benchmark for assessing national REDD+ forest-sector emissions and removals
Forest reference emission levels (FRELs) and related forest reference levels (FRLs) are benchmarks used under the United Nations Framework Convention on
Forest reference emission level
Forest_reference_emission_level
Microcosms are artificial, simplified ecosystems that are used to simulate and predict the behaviour of natural ecosystems under controlled conditions. Open
Microcosm (experimental ecosystem)
Microcosm_(experimental_ecosystem)
Country in Eastern Europe and North Asia
modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978
Russia
Extreme heat caused by a stationary high-pressure system
Heat domes increase the thermal stress of organisms living in intertidal ecosystems, a factor that has previously led to the deaths of marine species during
Heat_dome
Semi-autonomous region of Tanzania
passengers per year. Zanzibar's marine ecosystem plays a vital role in its fishing and algacultural industries; these ecosystems act as nurseries for Indian Ocean
Zanzibar
Country in Central Asia
programmes, and the entry of foreign companies. In 2024, the digital ecosystem Uzum became the country's first technology unicorn, valued at over $1
Uzbekistan
Country in South America
region, the number of hectares that will be protected, and the type of ecosystem of the land to be protected, among other factors. Ecuador had a 2018 Forest
Ecuador
Scientific study of life
organization, from molecules and cells to organisms, population, and ecosystems. Subdisciplines include molecular biology, physiology, ecology, evolutionary
Biology
Upcoming video game
the games industry' that'll help 'bring a lot more people back into the ecosystem,' says Day of the Devs' lead curator". GamesRadar+. Future plc. Archived
Grand_Theft_Auto_VI
Product ecosystem theory is an emerging theory that describes how the design of manufactured products evolves over time and draws parallels with how species
Product_ecosystem_theory
Family of instruction set architectures
Architecture x86 Ecosystem Advisory Group, a joint group between AMD and Intel Why Intel can't seem to retire the x86 32/64-bit x86 Instruction Reference Intel Intrinsics
X86
Non-native organism causing damage to an established environment
social, and environmental threats worldwide. Invasion of long-established ecosystems by organisms is a natural phenomenon, but human-facilitated introductions
Invasive_species
Country in northern Europe
waters (excluding bacteria and viruses). The Norwegian Shelf large marine ecosystem is considered highly productive. The total number of species include 16
Norway
Country in West Africa
modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978
Ivory_Coast
National park in Washington, United States
forests of the drier east side. Within the park there are three distinct ecosystems, including subalpine forest and wildflower meadow, temperate forest, and
Olympic_National_Park
Wetland near Lake Bangweulu, Zambia
The Bangweulu Wetlands is a wetland ecosystem adjacent to Lake Bangweulu in north-eastern Zambia. The area has been designated as one of the world's most
Bangweulu_Wetlands
The Financial Instruments Reference Database System (FIRDS) is published by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) and lists meta-information
Financial Instruments Reference Database System
Financial_Instruments_Reference_Database_System
Atmospheric measurement technique
applications, etc.) to determine exchange rates of trace gases over natural ecosystems and agricultural fields, and to quantify gas emissions rates from other
Eddy_covariance
Extinct giant shark species
Britten; Michael R. Heithaus; Heike K. Lotze1 (2010). "Patterns and ecosystem consequences of shark declines in the ocean" (PDF). Ecology Letters. 13
Megalodon
Swiss-based international organization
development. Commission on Ecosystem Management (CEM): integrated ecosystem approaches to the management of natural and modified ecosystems. Species Survival Commission
International Union for Conservation of Nature
International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature
species of orchids are found in the cloud forest and lowland rainforest ecosystems. These include the flor de mayo orchid (Cattleya mossiae), the national
Venezuela
General-purpose programming language
interoperates well with other high-level code. C has a mature and broad ecosystem, including libraries, frameworks, open source compilers, debuggers and
C_(programming_language)
The Ecosystems Mission Area (EMA) is one of six mission areas of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). EMA provides independent biological, ecological
Ecosystems_Mission_Area
Set of processes exchanging nutrients between parts of a system
nutrient cycle is more often used in direct reference to the idea of an intra-system cycle, where an ecosystem functions as a unit. From a practical point
Nutrient_cycle
Soccer tournament in North America
esports ecosystem". FIFA. May 28, 2026. Retrieved May 29, 2026. Hicks, Jon (May 28, 2026). "FIFA announces new "Digital Football" vision, an ecosystem of games
2026_FIFA_World_Cup
Country in Southern Africa
native plants in grasslands poses a threat to biodiversity and related ecosystem services, affecting over 7 million hectares. The original temperate forest
South_Africa
Ecosystem classification system
Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems, known as FRES, is a system for the classification of ecosystems developed by the United States Forest Service
Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems
Forest-Range_Environmental_Study_Ecosystems
Phylum of worms
trophic levels point to an important role in many ecosystems. They play crucial roles in polar ecosystems. The roughly 2,271 genera are placed in 256 families
Nematode
List of software distributions using the Linux kernel
Linux distributions. DistrOSList - DistrOSList is an historical and genealogical wiki of the UNIX-like free ecosystem (GNU/Linux, BSD and OpenSolaris).
List_of_Linux_distributions
Study of interactions between the biota and environment in forests
funga, and ecosystems in forests. The management of forests is known as forestry, silviculture, and forest management. A forest ecosystem is a natural
Forest_ecology
Third planet from the Sun
recycling of organic waste. The land-based ecosystem depends upon topsoil and fresh water, and the oceanic ecosystem depends on dissolved nutrients washed
Earth
Island country in the Indian Ocean
modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity". Nature Communications. 11 (1) 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11
Seychelles
Lightweight markup language
reStructuredText in version 3.0 for its documentation. The JetBrains IDE ecosystem supports reStructuredText editing through plugins such as reStructuredText
ReStructuredText
General-purpose programming language
reference-counted pointers that point at each other (a reference cycle) or can be deliberately created through calling Box::leak. The Rust ecosystem includes
Rust_(programming_language)
Continent
extreme weather such as heat waves, bringing health risks and effects on ecosystems. European countries are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions
Europe
JavaScript developer toolkit
code Rewrites and minifies what is left It also checks syntax, variable references, and types and warns about common JavaScript pitfalls. It supports transpiling
Google_Closure_Tools
Regional jet airliner family
the Wings India to develop an integrated regional transport aircraft ecosystem in India. Firstly, an assembly line will be established followed by a
Embraer_E-Jet_family
Canyon in Tibet, China
94.96722°E / 29.81333; 94.96722 (Gyala Peri). The gorge has a unique ecosystem with species of animals and plants barely explored and affected by human
Yarlung_Tsangpo_Grand_Canyon
Major river in Northern South America
failed as the settlers were unequipped to live in the delicate rainforest ecosystem. This, although the government believed it could sustain millions, instead
Amazon_River
Chinese financial services company
wealth management through platforms including Alipay and MYbank. The ecosystem supporting a wide range of activities from daily transactions to more
Ant_Group
Country in Southeast Asia
terrestrial ecosystems including tropical and subtropical vegetation, seasonally inundated wetlands, shoreline and tidal systems, and alpine ecosystems. Myanmar
Myanmar
Fissure in a planet's surface from which heated water emits
extremely dynamic nature of a hydrothermal vents ecosystem. Mining of an active deep sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem would depend on the recolonization of chemosynthetic
Hydrothermal_vent
Island country in South Asia
Maldives have different habitats including deep sea, shallow coast, and reef ecosystems, fringing mangroves, wetlands, and dry land. 187 species of coral form
Maldives
Fossilized tree resin
fossil inclusions. This has enabled the detailed reconstruction of the ecosystem of a long-vanished tropical forest. Resin from the extinct species Hymenaea
Amber
Freely licensed software with open code
precursor to FOSS was the hobbyist and academic public domain software ecosystem of the 1960s to 1980s. Free and open-source operating systems such as
Free_and_open-source_software
Style of progressive politics coined in 2025
exists between Democrats and Republicans when it comes to the "attentional ecosystem." He argued that Democrats "still believe that the type of attention you
Dark_Woke
Organization
Research, formerly known as the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, fosters research collaborations between the National Oceanic
Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research
Cooperative_Institute_for_Great_Lakes_Research
Dead particulate organic material
microorganisms may be decomposers, detritivores, or coprophages. In terrestrial ecosystems detritus is present as plant litter and other organic matter that is intermixed
Detritus
Species of squirrel native to North America
where it is considered highly invasive and a threat to both the local ecosystem and the native squirrel, the American red squirrel. Overseas, eastern
Eastern_gray_squirrel
National park in Gabon
Because of global climate change, the dense forest ecosystem is expanding into the savanna ecosystem in the north, leading to the loss of habitat diversity
Lopé_National_Park
Software applications built with the GNOME philosophy in mind
The GNOME Core Applications (also known as Apps for GNOME) are a software suite that is packaged with GNOME, a free and open-source desktop environment
GNOME_Core_Applications
Formally verified capability-based microkernel
7 April 2020, the seL4 Foundation was launched to support governance, ecosystem development and long-term stewardship; it was initially hosted as a project
SeL4
2009 film by James Cameron
(1992), and FernGully (1992). He said Princess Mononoke influenced the ecosystem of Pandora, while the idea of a "world mind" originated in the novel Solaris
Avatar_(2009_film)
Method used for display options on video text terminals
About Special Characters". 12 January 2023. "Windows Console and Terminal Ecosystem Roadmap". Microsoft. 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2021. this includes retiring
ANSI_escape_code
Type of forest found along rivers in the Southwest United States
courses. The most notable bosque is the 300-mile (500 km)-long forest ecosystem along the valley of the middle Rio Grande in New Mexico that extends from
Bosque
Collection of loosely coupled services used to build computer applications
microservices has a larger number of interface points to access its respective ecosystem, which increases the architectural complexity. Various organizing principles
Microservices
Species of rodent
the importance of groundhog burrows in promoting biodiversity". Urban Ecosystems. 24 (3): 529–547. Bibcode:2021UrbEc..24..529P. doi:10.1007/s11252-020-01056-5
Groundhog
Form of private-equity financing
software. It has a particularly strong financial technology (fintech) ecosystem, with notable companies including Nubank, Stone, and PicPay. Mexico is
Venture_capital
Online subculture
Center (SPLC) describes incels as "part of the online male supremacist ecosystem" that is included in their list of hate groups. The Global Internet Forum
Incel
Protected area and a World Heritage Site in Arusha Region, Tanzania
principle of free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC). The Serengeti ecosystem includes multiple preserved areas in Tanzania. The Ngorongoro Conservation
Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area
Country in Southeast Asia
been surveyed in some habitats (decaying wood, marine, and freshwater ecosystems, as parasites of some plants, and as agents of biodegradation), but have
Malaysia
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
Girl/Female
Indian
Inference
Girl/Female
Indian
Selflessness, Preference
Boy/Male
Indian
Reverence, Sanctity
Girl/Female
Muslim
Selflessness, Preference
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Preference
Boy/Male
Muslim
Reverence, Sanctity
Boy/Male
Muslim
Choice, Preference, Selection
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Incarnation.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Worship, Praise, Reverence
Boy/Male
Muslim
Selflessness, Preference
Girl/Female
Tamil
Inference
Boy/Male
Indian
Selflessness, Preference
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Worship; Praise; Reverence
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Nativity.
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Incarnation.
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Incarnation.
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Nativity.
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Ascension.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
First Preference
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Reverence; Esteem
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
Girl/Female
Australian, Latin
Of the Sea; Similar to Marie and Mary
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Lord Ram's Pet Name; A Single Legend
Girl/Female
Polish
Female
Finnish
Finnish form of Latin Paulina, PAULIINA means "small."
Girl/Female
Indian
Glorification, Exaltation
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Joyful; Happy
Female
Slavic
Variant spelling of Slavic Danica, DANIKA means "morning star."
Female
English
Feminine form of French Yves, YVETTE means "yew tree."
Boy/Male
Native American
Priest.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Chinese, Spanish
Adventurous
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
n.
Reference; respect; regard.
v.
Relation; reference; regard.
imp. & p. p.
of Reverence
n.
One who, or that which, is referred to.
n.
The act of Preferring, or the state of being preferred; the setting of one thing before another; precedence; higher estimation; predilection; choice; also, the power or opportunity of choosing; as, to give him his preference.
n.
The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for guidance.
n.
That which deserves or exacts manifestations of reverence; reverend character; dignity; state.
n.
That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; as, a reference in a text-book.
n.
A yielding of judgment or preference from respect to the wishes or opinion of another; submission in opinion; regard; respect; complaisance.
n.
The process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause, to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain facts and report to the court.
v.
Personal reference or application.
n.
One of whom inquires can be made as to the integrity, capacity, and the like, of another.
n.
One who regards with reverence.
n.
Relation; regard; respect.
n.
Appeal.
n.
That which is preferred; the object of choice or superior favor; as, which is your preference?
n.
The act of submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one or more persons for decision.
v. t.
To regard or treat with reverence; to regard with respect and affection mingled with fear; to venerate.
v. t.
Respect; relation; reference.
n.
A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is referred.