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Chemical compound
Salvinorin A is a κ-opioid receptor agonist and hallucinogen and is the main active constituent in Salvia divinorum (also known as diviner's sage, ska
Salvinorin_A
Group of chemical compounds
Salvinorins are a group of natural chemical compounds and their structural analogs. Several salvinorins have been isolated from Salvia divinorum. They
Salvinorin
Pharmaceutical compound
Salvinorin B is a naturally occurring terpene of the salvinorin family and constituent of Salvia divinorum. In contrast to salvinorin A, salvinorin B
Salvinorin_B
Species of plant
drinking (as a tea). The leaves contain the potent compound salvinorin A and can induce a dissociative state and hallucinations. Mazatec shamans have a long and
Salvia_divinorum
Chemical compound
Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether, also known as 2-O-methoxymethylsalvinorin B (2-MMSB) is a semisynthetic analogue of the natural product salvinorin A
Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether
Salvinorin_B_methoxymethyl_ether
Pharmaceutical compound
Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether, also known as 2-O-ethoxymethylsalvinorin B (2-EMSB) or as symmetry, is a semi-synthetic analogue of the natural product
Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether
Salvinorin_B_ethoxymethyl_ether
Restrictions on the psychoactive plant
(DEA) has indicated that Salvia divinorum and its active constituent, salvinorin A, are not controlled under the Controlled Substances Act. 29 states and
Legal status of Salvia divinorum in the United States
Legal_status_of_Salvia_divinorum_in_the_United_States
Pharmaceutical compound
Salvinorin C is a naturally occurring terpene of the salvinorin family and minor constituent of Salvia divinorum. It showed 256-fold lower affinity for
Salvinorin_C
Opioid analgesic compound
diterpenes, the family of chemical compounds of which salvinorin A is a member. Unlike salvinorin A, which is a selective κ-opioid receptor agonist with no significant
Herkinorin
Chemical compound
22-thiocyanatosalvinorin A, is a semi-synthetic derivative of salvinorin A. It is an irreversible agonist, with a reactive thiocyanate group that forms a bond to the
RB-64
Drug class
effects of salvinorin A. Synthetic analogues with greater potency and/or duration include salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether (2-MMSB) and salvinorin B ethoxymethyl
Κ-Opioid_receptor_agonist
American drug researcher (1962–1996)
second book, Salvinorin, addressed the effects of Salvia divinorum. Turner died after injecting an unknown quantity of ketamine while in a bathtub, drowning
D._M._Turner
Pharmaceutical compound
Kurkinorin is a non-nitrogenous, extremely selective centrally acting μ-opioid receptor agonist derived from salvinorin A with no sedating or rewarding
Kurkinorin
Species of flowering plant
contain salvinorin A. However, this report has not been replicated, and a previous study of 441 Salvia species from many regions found salvinorin A only
Salvia_recognita
American ethnobotanist
with friends in 1993, he was the first person to unequivocally identify salvinorin A as the active psychoactive compound in Salvia divinorum. In 1998, Siebert
Daniel Siebert (ethnobotanist)
Daniel_Siebert_(ethnobotanist)
Profound state of unease or dissatisfaction
drugs can produce dysphoria, including κ-opioid receptor agonists like salvinorin A (the active constituent of the hallucinogenic plant Salvia divinorum)
Dysphoria
Species of fungus
a sesquiterpenoid containing a furyl-ẟ-lactone motif reminiscent of salvinorin A. The cap is up to 9 centimetres (3+1⁄2 in) wide and cream-colored with
Rhodocollybia_maculata
Class of drugs
diphenhydramine, and trihexyphenidyl κ-Opioid receptor agonists like salvinorin A, pentazocine, and levorphanol GABAA receptor agonists like muscimol and
Hallucinogen
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens, named for ketazocine
β-arrestin antagonist Salvinorin A – naturally-occurring 16-Bromo Salvinorin A 16-Ethynyl Salvinorin A – selective 2-Methoxymethyl salvinorin B – and its ethoxymethyl
Κ-opioid_receptor
Application of a pharmaceutical drug under the tongue
intestines, the oral route is unsuitable for certain substances, such as salvinorin A. Pharmaceutical preparations for sublingual administration are manufactured
Sublingual_administration
Species of flowering plant
contain salvinorin A. However, this report has not been replicated, and a previous study of 441 Salvia species from many regions found salvinorin A only
Salvia_glutinosa
Opioid medication
extended-release form) among others, is a semi-synthetic opioid used medically for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. It is a highly addictive and commonly
Oxycodone
Type of molecule
Limonene (/ˈlɪmənˌiːn/) is a slightly yellow-green liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the fragrance
Limonene
Species of mushroom
toadstool, is a basidiomycete fungus of the genus Amanita. Its name may come from its historical use to kill flies or from the effects it causes (a medieval
Amanita_muscaria
Species of flowering plant
Salvia absconditiflora is a perennial plant species of the family Lamiaceae. It is endemic to Turkey. It contains Salvinorin A at a concentration of 51.5
Salvia_absconditiflora
Pharmaceutical compound
the chlorine atom on the benzyl ring has been replaced with a bromine atom. The drug is a non-competitive partial biased agonist of the μ-opioid receptor
SR-15099
Medicine used to reduce diarrhea
Loperamide, sold under the brand name Imodium, among others, is a medication of the opioid receptor agonist class used to decrease the frequency of diarrhea
Loperamide
chemical structure. Examples include: The salvinorins, including the hallucinogenic compound salvinorin A Columbin, a bitter diterpenoid from Calumbae Radix
Furanolactone
Species of fungus
asiatica is a species of bolete mushroom of the family Boletaceae. It is reddish in color and an ectomycorrhizal symbiote of Pinus yunnanensis. It is a type
Lanmaoa_asiatica
Dissociative anesthetic and anti-depressant
et al. (June 2010). "Role of kappa-opioid receptors in the effects of salvinorin A and ketamine on attention in rats". Psychopharmacology (Berl). 210 (2):
Ketamine
Class of aromatic organic chemicals found in plants
in tomatoes. Well-known terpenoids include citral, menthol, camphor, salvinorin A in the plant Salvia divinorum, ginkgolide and bilobalide found in Ginkgo
Terpenoid
Species of plant
PMID 28521200. Meireles V, Rosado T, Barroso M, Soares S, Gonçalves J, Luís Â, Caramelo D, Simão AY, Fernández N, Duarte AP, Gallardo E (2019-03-04). "Mitragyna
Mitragyna_speciosa
American journalist (born 1987)
with a friend in high school as a teenager, which left him in a state of "astonishment" and led him to learn how to chemically extract salvinorin A from
Hamilton_Morris
Tropane alkaloid and stimulant drug
Cocaine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and tropane alkaloid, derived primarily from the leaves of two coca species native to South America:
Cocaine
thebaine, papaverine, noscapine, and narceine Salvia divinorum: salvinorin A and other Salvinorins Khat: cathine and cathinone Kava: kavalactones Nutmeg: myristicin
List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals
List_of_psychoactive_plants,_fungi,_and_animals
Type of α-amino acid
products and sold as a nutritional supplement as it is a direct precursor to the neuromodulator phenethylamine. It can be viewed as a benzyl group substituted
Phenylalanine
Peptide hormone and neuropeptide
Oxytocin is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. Present in animals since
Oxytocin
Beverage made from infusing or decocting plant material in hot water
divinorum ("Sage of the diviners") tea which contains salvinorin A, a compound that induces a dissociative state and hallucinations. African dream root
Herbal_tea
CIA sub-project of Project MKUltra studying the effects of LSD
Operation Midnight Climax was a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) sub-project of the illegal Project MKUltra, the CIA mind-control research program that
Operation_Midnight_Climax
Opioid medication
Fentanyl is a highly potent synthetic opioid of the piperidine family, used primarily as pain medication. It is 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine
Fentanyl
Gamma-aminobutyric acid analog
(postherpetic neuralgia) and partial seizures of epilepsy. Gabapentin is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant and derivative of the inhibitory neurotransmitter
Gabapentin
Cough suppressant and dissociative drug
Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant used in many cough and cold medicines. In 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the combination
Dextromethorphan
Psychoactive plant, legal in most countries
to experiment with a potentially dangerous substance." In connection with his proposals to make Salvia divinorum and salvinorin A Schedule I controlled
Legal status of Salvia divinorum
Legal_status_of_Salvia_divinorum
Opioid drug used in pain relief
Hydrocodone, also known as dihydrocodeinone, is a semi-synthetic opioid used to treat pain and as a cough suppressant. It is taken by mouth. Typically
Hydrocodone
Species of flowering plant in the poppy family
a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae. It is the species of plant from which both opium and poppy seeds are derived and is also a valuable
Papaver_somniferum
Polymer harvested from certain trees
others. The latex is a sticky, milky and white colloid drawn off by making incisions in the bark and collecting the fluid in vessels in a process called "tapping"
Natural_rubber
Chemical compound
mitragynine, DH-7OH-MIT is an opioid drug which is a semi-synthetic derivative of 7-hydroxymitragynine, a natural product derived from the Southeast Asian
MGM-15
Class of CNS depressant drugs
"benzos", are a class of central nervous system (CNS) depressant drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring
Benzodiazepine
Combination pain relief drug
for medical use in the United States in 1982. In the United States, it is a schedule II controlled substance. In 2023, it was the 25th most commonly prescribed
Hydrocodone/paracetamol
Psychoactive drug from the cannabis plant
names, is a non-chemically uniform psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant. Native to Central or South Asia, cannabis has been used as a drug for both
Cannabis_(drug)
Medical condition
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a substance use disorder characterized by cravings for opioids, continued use despite physical or psychological deterioration
Opioid_use_disorder
Class of depressant drugs derived from barbituric acid
Barbiturates are a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid. They are effective when used medically as anxiolytics,
Barbiturate
Central nervous system stimulant
(−183.2 °C; −297.7 °F), it has lattice parameters a = 7.10 Å, b = 7.29 Å, c = 10.81 Å, and β = 97.29°. A 2011 study into the destruction of methamphetamine
Methamphetamine
Atypical opioid drug
atypical opioid receptor modulator with unusual actions and effects. It acts as a biased partial agonist of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), showing strong selectivity
SR-17018
Red-orange pigment of the terpenoids class
having 40 carbons. Dietary β-carotene is a provitamin compound, converting in the body to retinol (vitamin A). In foods, it has rich content in carrots
Β-Carotene
Preparation of betel leaf and areca nut
Betel nut chewing, also called betel quid chewing or areca nut chewing, is a practice in which areca nuts (also called "betel nuts") are chewed together
Betel_nut_chewing
Central nervous system stimulant
Methylphenidate, sold under the brand names Ritalin and Concerta, among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant used in the treatment of attention
Methylphenidate
Semi-mythical remedy
mithridatum, mithridaticum, Confectio Damocratis, or Damocrates's Confection is a semi-mythical remedy with as many as 65 ingredients, used as an antidote for
Mithridate
Species of plant
iboga (iboga) is an evergreen rainforest shrub native to Central Africa. A member of the Apocynaceae family indigenous to Gabon, the Democratic Republic
Tabernanthe_iboga
Tincture of opium
Laudanum is a tincture of opium containing approximately 10% powdered opium by weight (the equivalent of 1% morphine). Laudanum is prepared by dissolving
Laudanum
Organic compound
14-trien-18-oic acid (C22H28O6) or its enantiomer. Salvia divinorum yields Salvinorin A, a psychotropic drug Abeotaxane Cafestol Kahweol Monoterpene Sesquiterpene
Diterpene
Species of plant
(Piper methysticum: Latin 'pepper' and Latinized Greek 'intoxicating') is a plant in the pepper family, native to the Pacific Islands. The name kava is
Kava
Agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana
nicotine is one of the most widely used recreational drugs. Tobacco use is a cause or risk factor for many deadly diseases, especially those affecting
Tobacco
Psychoactive substance found in plants in the family Apocynaceae
for its strong hallucinogenic properties, contains the chemical salvinorin A, which is a highly selective κ-opioid agonist. Noribogaine is more potent than
Ibogaine
Chemical stimulant produced by some plants
Nicotine is a stimulant and alkaloid found primarily in plants of the nightshade family, notably in tobacco; it is also synthesized. Nicotine is used
Nicotine
Chemical compound
Isotonitazene is a synthetic opioid analgesic drug from the nitazene class and structural homolog of etonitazene, which has been sold as a designer drug
Isotonitazene
Opioid analgesic
R6890, sometimes known as spirochlorphine, is an orphine opioid analgesic and a member of the spiropiperidine family of agents. The first known mention of
R6890
Atypical antipsychotic medication
Quetiapine (/kwɪˈtaɪ.əpiːn/ kwi-TY-ə-peen), sold under the brand name Seroquel among others, is a medication of the atypical antipsychotic class. It is
Quetiapine
Disorder resulting in compulsive behaviors
Addiction is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to use a drug or engage in a behavior that produces an immediate
Addiction
Medication for nausea, psychosis, and anxiety
name Compazine among others, is a medication used to treat nausea, migraines, schizophrenia, psychosis and anxiety. It is a less preferred medication for
Prochlorperazine
Opioid analgesic and recreational drug
among other names, is a morphinan opioid substance synthesized from the dried latex of the opium poppy; it is mainly used as a recreational drug for its
Heroin
American drug manufacturer and dealer
watching the hotel. Eventually, Cole saw Skinner pour a green substance, potentially salvinorin C, into Green's mouth. The substance got on Cole's arm
Gordon_Todd_Skinner
Tropane alkaloid & anticholinergic drug
Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, or Devil's Breath, is a muscarinic antagonist and tropane alkaloid used to treat motion sickness and postoperative
Scopolamine
Opioid analgesic of benzenoid class
among others, is a synthetic opioid analgesic with a dual mode of action as a highly selective full agonist of the μ-opioid receptor and as a norepinephrine
Tapentadol
Synthetic opioid analgesic
medicine to anesthetize large animals such as elephants and rhinoceroses. It is a structural analogue of the synthetic opioid analgesic fentanyl. It is typically
Carfentanil
Monoamine neurotransmitter
ˌsɪərə-/), also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter with a wide range of functions in both the central nervous system
Serotonin
Chemical compound
(October 2011). "Repeated exposure to the κ-opioid receptor agonist salvinorin A modulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase and reward sensitivity"
Norbinaltorphimine
Genus of poisonous, potentially psychoactive plants
Datura is a genus of nine species of highly poisonous, vespertine-flowering plants belonging to the nightshade family (Solanaceae). They are commonly
Datura
Substance derived from opium
include morphine, codeine, and thebaine. Opiates have long been used for a variety of medical conditions, with evidence of opiate trade and use for pain
Opiate
Class of oily organic compounds found in plants
familiar vegetable oils like corn oil (28 cP), with viscosity ranging from 1 cP (à la water) to 6 cP. Terpenes are local irritants and can cause gastrointestinal
Terpene
Chemical compound
MGM-16 is an opioid drug which is a synthetic derivative of mitragynine, a natural product derived from the Southeast Asian tree kratom. It is the 9-fluoro
MGM-16
Abnormal condition of the mind
LSD and psilocybin), κ-opioid receptor agonists (such as enadoline and salvinorin A) and NMDA receptor antagonists (such as phencyclidine and ketamine).
Psychosis
following: Salvinoids like salvinorin A (found in Salvia divinorum), 2-MMSB, 2-EMSB, and RB-64 (22-thiocyanatosalvinorin A) (possibly) Benzomorphans such
List_of_hallucinogens
Legal status of cannabis worldwide
however, many have adopted a policy of decriminalization to make simple possession a non-criminal offense (often similar to a minor traffic violation).
Legality_of_cannabis
Hallucinogenic class of psychoactive drug
Brito-da-Costa AM, Dias-da-Silva D, Gomes NG, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Madureira-Carvalho Á (October 2020). "Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of Ayahuasca Alkaloids
Psychedelic_drug
Chemical compound
precursor of a biosynthetic pathway that produces a class of pigments called betalains. l-DOPA can be manufactured and in its pure form is sold as a drug with
L-DOPA
Synthetic opioid pain medication
0704703. PMC 1573343. PMID 12010769. Sánchez-Fernández C, Montilla-García Á, González-Cano R, et al. (January 2014). "Modulation of peripheral μ-opioid
Tramadol
Medication
to 72 hours. Naltrexone also blocks the effects of KOR agonists like salvinorin A, pentazocine, and butorphanol in humans via its KOR antagonism. In addition
Naltrexone
Pleasurable phenomenon elicited via direct stimulation of specific brain regions
dysphoric states, more consistently results in a depression of ICSS responding. The KOR agonist salvinorin-A, for example, causes an overall decrease in
Brain_stimulation_reward
CIA program involving illegal experimentation on human test subjects (1953–1972)
used in altering human behavior. The program has been widely condemned as a violation of individual rights and an example of the CIA's abuse of power
MKUltra
Wakefulness-promoting medication
receptors stimulated by phencyclidines, lysergic acid diethylamide, salvinorin A, and modafinil". Synapse. 63 (8): 698–704. doi:10.1002/syn.20647. PMID 19391150
Modafinil
Organic compound used as flavouring and analgesic
is a monoterpenoid organic compound that occurs naturally in the oils of certain plants in the mint family, such as corn mint and peppermint. It is a white
Menthol
Phenadone Phencyclidine Prodilidine Profadol Ro64-6198 Salvinorin A Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether SB-612,111 SC-17599 RWJ-394
List_of_opioids
Psychoactive drug, often called ecstasy
used to enhance psychotherapy beginning in the 1970s and became popular as a street drug in the 1980s. MDMA is commonly used by attendees of dance parties
MDMA
Colourless non-flammable greenhouse gas
others, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula N2O. At room temperature, it is a colourless non-flammable gas, and has a slightly
Nitrous_oxide
Chemical compound
is taken by mouth. Effects generally begin in an hour and last for up to a day. Common side effects include sleepiness and dry mouth. Serious side effects
Meclizine
Recreational drug
réglementant certaines substances psychotropes, et relatif à la réduction des risques et à l'avis thérapeutique" [Royal Decree of 13 June 2010 amending
Mephedrone
Class of chemical compounds
pseudo-phenethylamines or as 4-substituted 2,6-dimethoxyphenethylamines, are a family of psychedelic and related compounds of the phenethylamine family.
Ψ-PEA
Type of psychoactive fungus
However, among the most frequently implicated species is Lanmaoa asiatica, a species first described in 2015. Intoxication with these type of mushrooms
Hallucinogenic bolete mushroom
Hallucinogenic_bolete_mushroom
1991 book by Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin
PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story, also known as Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved, is a book by Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin published in 1991
PiHKAL
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SALVINORIN A
SALVINORIN A
SALVINORIN A
SALVINORIN A
SALVINORIN A
SALVINORIN A
SALVINORIN A
SALVINORIN A
SALVINORIN A
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