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Collective judgment, position, and opinion of the community of scientists
Scientific consensus is the collective judgment, position, and opinion of the vast majority of active, qualified experts on a conclusion in a specific
Scientific_consensus
Evaluation of climate change by the scientific community
There is scientific consensus that the Earth has been consistently warming since the start of the Industrial Revolution, that the rate of recent warming
Scientific consensus on climate change
Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change
Topics referred to by the same term
an identity in Boolean algebra. Consensus or resolvent term, defined in the consensus theorem. Scientific consensus, the collective opinion, judgment
Consensus
Pseudoscientific justification for racism
racial superiority. Modern scientific consensus rejects this view as being irreconcilable with genetic research. Scientific racism misapplies, misconstrues
Scientific_racism
Group decision-making aiming for universal agreement
Consensus decision-making is a group decision-making process in which participants work together to develop proposals for actions that achieve a broad
Consensus_decision-making
Human-caused changes to climate on Earth
scientists assess the scientific discussion that takes place in peer-reviewed journal articles. There is a nearly unanimous scientific consensus that the climate
Climate_change
Obsolete theories in natural history and natural philosophy
scientific theories. Many discarded explanations were once supported by a scientific consensus, but replaced after more empirical information became available that
List of superseded scientific theories
List_of_superseded_scientific_theories
Danish author (born 1965)
outlined his views on global warming, many of which contradict the scientific consensus on climate change. These views include the claim that the negative
Bjørn_Lomborg
American geologist and writer (born 1936)
to three other scientific debates: deep time, continental drift and global warming. Powell has posited that the scientific consensus on global warming
James_L._Powell
Outdated grouping of human beings
University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26. That this view reflects the consensus among American anthropologists is stated in: Wagner, Jennifer K.; Yu,
Mongoloid
Denial of the scientific consensus on climate change
led to a scientific consensus on climate change. Those promoting denial commonly use rhetorical tactics to give the appearance of a scientific controversy
Climate_change_denial
Dissent from scientific consensus
Scientific dissent is dissent from scientific consensus. Disagreements can be useful for finding problems in underlying assumptions, methodologies, and
Scientific_dissent
Welfare economics project
their tune and modified their original arguments in the face of the scientific consensus on climate change, admitting that it is real and caused by CO2 emissions
Copenhagen_Consensus
Degree to which an observation is affected by one's presuppositions
supposed to justify. This effect can present a challenge for reaching scientific consensus if the disagreeing parties make different observations due to their
Theory-ladenness
Outdated grouping of human beings
contrasting with the terms Negroid, Mongoloid, and Australoid. There was never consensus among the proponents of the "Caucasoid race" concept regarding how it
Caucasian_race
any other to hold perceptions of scientific consensus that consistently aligned with those presented in "expert consensus reports" issued by the U.S. National
Cultural_cognition
Network of interacting scientists
Nevertheless, general scientific consensus is a concept which is often referred to when dealing with questions that can be subject to scientific methodology. While
Scientific_community
Alleged audio recording of Bigfoot
the most compelling evidence for the existence of Bigfoot, though scientific consensus maintains Bigfoot remains firmly within the pseudoscience of cryptozoology
Sierra_Sounds
Obsolete racial classification of humans
University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26. That this view reflects the consensus among American anthropologists is stated in: Wagner, Jennifer K.; Yu,
Alpine_race
Book by Fred Hoyle
terrestrial disease and extraterrestrial pathogens was rejected by the scientific community. Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe spent over 20 years investigating
Diseases_from_Space
the degree of expert or scientific consensus on an issue functions as a so-called "gateway" cognition. Perception of scientific agreement is suggested
Gateway_belief_model
Outdated grouping of human beings
distinct human races in a biological sense is rejected by modern scientific consensus. In 2019, the American Association of Physical Anthropologists stated:
Mediterranean_race
Any of many species of tiny flying insects in the dipterid suborder Nematocera
rather than a phylogenetic or other technical term, so there is no scientific consensus on what constitutes a gnat. Some entomologists consider only non-biting
Gnat
Vaccine controversy
autism or other neurodevelopmental disorders. In spite of the consensus of the scientific community, some parents and advocacy groups continue to contend
Thiomersal_and_vaccines
2010 book by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway
alive" by continuing to spread doubt and confusion long after a scientific consensus has been reached. In particular, they show that Fred Seitz, Fred
Merchants_of_Doubt
Rejecting scientific or historical consensus
facts and concepts that are undisputed, well-supported parts of the scientific consensus or historical record on a subject, in favor of ideas that are radical
Denialism
Rejected AIDS origin hypotheses
biology and phylogenetic studies also contradict the hypothesis, and scientific consensus regards it as disproven. A 2004 article in the journal Nature described
Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories
Discredited_HIV/AIDS_origins_theories
Allegedly unexplained human incineration
phenomena, have been proposed to explain reports of SHC. The current scientific consensus is that purported cases of SHC involve overlooked external sources
Spontaneous_human_combustion
organizations according to whether they concur with the IPCC view (i.e. the scientific consensus on climate change), are non-committal, or dissent from it. The California
List of statements by major scientific organizations about climate change
List_of_statements_by_major_scientific_organizations_about_climate_change
American entrepreneur and attorney (born 1985)
running mate in his presidential campaign. Shanahan has questioned the scientific consensus on vaccine safety and efficacy. Nicole Ann Shanahan was born to Shawn
Nicole_Shanahan
Nonprofit conservative think tank and climate denial organization
founded in 2015. Its climate change denialist claims conflict with the scientific consensus on climate change. The CO2 Coalition is a successor to the George
CO2_Coalition
Use of pseudoscience to justify transphobia
Transgender identities are not considered pathological by current scientific consensus.[citation needed] Researchers have cautioned about the possibility
Scientific_transphobia
False belief that HIV does not cause AIDS
the medications used to treat HIV infection (antiretrovirals). The scientific consensus is that the evidence showing HIV to be the cause of AIDS is conclusive
HIV/AIDS_denialism
Knowledge acquired by means of the senses
events and unlike private mental states, so that evidence may foster scientific consensus. The term empirical comes from Greek ἐμπειρία empeiría, i.e. 'experience'
Empirical_evidence
Falsifiable explanation of natural phenomena
predictions. However, theories supported by the scientific consensus have the highest level of certainty of any scientific knowledge; for example, that all objects
Scientific_theory
American physicist (born 1951)
Climate Working Group -formed by five researchers who reject the scientific consensus on climate change- and coauthor the U.S. Department of Energy draft
Steven_E._Koonin
benefits of vaccination; the scientific consensus is "clear and unambiguous" in favor of vaccines. Despite this consensus, the anti-vaccine movement has
Anti-vaccine_activism
Scottish journalist and broadcaster (born 1949)
the September 11 attacks. Neil has been accused of rejecting the scientific consensus on climate change and was criticised for frequently inviting non-scientists
Andrew_Neil
Topics referred to by the same term
Consensus conference may also refer to: a conference for scientific consensus Monterrey Consensus, the outcome of the 2002 Monterrey Conference, the UN International
Consensus conference (disambiguation)
Consensus_conference_(disambiguation)
Canadian psychologist (born 1962)
has been widely criticized by climate scientists for denying the scientific consensus on climate change and giving a platform to climate-change deniers
Jordan_Peterson
Type of attention disorder
Therefore, and due to many other lines of evidence, there is a scientific consensus that the condition is a distinct syndrome. If CDS and ADHD coexist
Cognitive disengagement syndrome
Cognitive_disengagement_syndrome
possible, and uncertain. This classification is based on the current scientific consensus and reflects the level of evidence supporting the autoimmune nature
List_of_autoimmune_diseases
Climate science blog to counter arguments by climate change deniers
analyzing the merit of arguments put forth by those who question the scientific consensus on climate change. After reading a 2007 speech by then US Senator
Skeptical_Science
End of the human species
artificial intelligence, biotechnology, or self-replicating nanobots. The scientific consensus is that there is a relatively low risk of near-term human extinction
Human_extinction
Field of science that uses cells for the creation of products
2022. We have reviewed the scientific literature on GE crop safety for the last 10 years that catches the scientific consensus matured since GE plants became
Biotechnology
Controversial psychological typology
Transgender Health (WPATH), who argued that there was a lack of scientific consensus on and empirical evidence for the concept of autogynephilia. Neither
Blanchard's transsexualism typology
Blanchard's_transsexualism_typology
Time period c. 12,900–11,700 years ago
the AMOC is strong, and the opposite happens when it is weak. The scientific consensus is that severe AMOC weakening explains the climatic effects of the
Younger_Dryas
Medical research Guideline (medical) Journal Club Algorithm (medical) Scientific consensus Council of Europe, Developing a methodology for drawing up guidelines
Medical_consensus
Manipulation of an organism's genome
trials were destroyed by anti-GM activists. Although there is a scientific consensus that food derived from GMO crops poses no greater risk to human health
Genetic_engineering
American meteorologist (born 1955)
global warming whose public statements frequently contradict the scientific consensus on climate change. Bastardi was born in Providence, Rhode Island
Joe_Bastardi
Water-dwelling entity that supposedly lives in the Congo River Basin
the objective to find evidence that invalidates or contradicts the scientific consensus regarding the theory of evolution. Paleontologist Donald Prothero
Mokele-mbembe
List of debates over global warming
to curb it now or later, and so forth. In the scientific literature, there is a very strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased
List of climate change controversies
List_of_climate_change_controversies
Captive gorilla studied by researchers
that Koko "used language in the same way as people". However, the scientific consensus is that she did not demonstrate the syntax or grammar required of
Koko_(gorilla)
2004 American film by Roland Emmerich
and expert witness for Western Fuels Association who rejected the scientific consensus on global warming, called the film "propaganda" in a USA Today editorial:
The_Day_After_Tomorrow
2004 American film
treatments are harmful, conclusions which are rejected by medical and scientific consensus. The film was reviewed in Variety and The Hollywood Reporter in 2004
The_Other_Side_of_AIDS
Form of creationism
Contemporary YEC movements arose, protesting the scientific consensus established by numerous scientific disciplines, which demonstrate that the age of
Young_Earth_creationism
Body structure of springtails
sticking to the surface on which it moved. However, the current scientific consensus is that it plays a role in osmoregulation, water intake, and excretion
Collophore
Subregion of Oceania
of Micronesia began several millennia ago. Based on the current scientific consensus, the Austronesian peoples originated from a prehistoric seaborne
Micronesia
awareness of the causes and impacts of global warming, public policy, scientific consensus on climate change, public support for the Kyoto Accord, and their
Public opinion on climate change
Public_opinion_on_climate_change
Interplay between observation, experiment, and theory in science
against by scientists, as there is a consensus that educations' sequential elements and unified view of scientific method do not reflect how scientists
Scientific_method
elaborate murder plots. They usually deny consensus opinion and cannot be proven using historical or scientific methods, and are not to be confused with
List_of_conspiracy_theories
Processing personal/social information
detect misinformation that can lead to beliefs that diverge from scientific consensus. Directional goals enhance the accessibility of knowledge structures
Motivated_reasoning
Pseudoscientific claim
information fitness settings and the internet are providing. The scientific consensus among experts and researchers is that spot reduction is not achievable
Spot_reduction
Book by Vine Deloria, Jr.
published in 1995. The book's central theme is to criticize the scientific consensus regarding the history of the Americas and the age of the Earth. He
Red_Earth,_White_Lies
Situations involving imperfect or unknown information
multiple scientific studies due to methodological differences could be interpreted by the public as a lack of consensus in a situation where a consensus does
Uncertainty
Anti-scientific belief
Earth proponents are not based on scientific knowledge and are contrary to over two millennia of scientific consensus based on multiple confirming lines
Modern_flat_Earth_beliefs
Ability to perceive, infer, retain or apply information
intelligence as quantifiable. A consensus report called Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns, published in 1995 by the Board of Scientific Affairs of the American
Intelligence
Lobbyist group against reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
coalition knew it could not deny the scientific consensus, but sought to sow doubt over the scientific consensus on climate change and create manufactured
Global_Climate_Coalition
Use of science for political purposes
campaigns to promote their interests, many times in defiance of scientific consensus, and in an effort to manipulate public policy.[better source needed]
Politicization_of_science
Public beliefs and statistical data regarding extraterrestrial intelligence
extraterrestrial life and extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI). While scientific consensus has historically been cautious, public opinion surveys from the late
Public opinion on extraterrestrial life
Public_opinion_on_extraterrestrial_life
Average temperature of the Earth's surface
GST over time is one of the many lines of evidence supporting the scientific consensus on climate change, which is that human activities are causing climate
Global_surface_temperature
Group of West Germanic languages
similarities between the Anglic and the Frisian grouping are part of the scientific consensus. Therefore, the concept of Anglo-Frisian languages can be useful
Anglo-Frisian_languages
Blog promoting climate change denial
change, generally accommodating beliefs that are in opposition to the scientific consensus on climate change. Contributors include Christopher Monckton and
Watts_Up_With_That?
Global climate phenomenon
variance related to El Niño–Southern Oscillation will increase". The scientific consensus is also that "it is very likely that rainfall variability related
El_Niño–Southern_Oscillation
Mathematical theory
"incomputable" in the benign sense that no scientific consensus is able to prove that the best current scientific theory is the best of all possible theories
Solomonoff's theory of inductive inference
Solomonoff's_theory_of_inductive_inference
2020 book by Charles Murray
the book The Bell Curve. In the book, Murray argues against the scientific consensus that race is a social construct, as well as other orthodoxies such
Human_Diversity
Role-playing of an infant-like state
unique lovemaps, imprinting or altered erotic targets, though no scientific consensus has emerged. Though it varies from person to person, paraphilic infantilism
Paraphilic_infantilism
Concept in epistemology
consensus". Thinking from A to Z. Routledge. pp. 134–135. ISBN 0-415-22281-8. Imre Lakatos (1978). "Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research
Consensus_theory_of_truth
2009 controversy
published reports, finding no evidence of fraud or scientific misconduct. The scientific consensus that global warming is occurring as a result of human
Climatic Research Unit email controversy
Climatic_Research_Unit_email_controversy
Boycott of Nestlé corporation
source for infants, and this has long been understood as a settled scientific consensus by public health experts and paediatric specialists. The World Health
1977_Nestlé_boycott
American multinational oil and gas company
environmental incidents and its history of climate change denial against the scientific consensus that fossil fuels significantly contribute to global warming. The
ExxonMobil
Understanding that objects exist when unobserved
young children's social and mental capacities. There is not yet scientific consensus on when the understanding of object permanence emerges in human development
Object_permanence
Processed corn syrup
traditional sweeteners such as sucrose and honey. As of 2026, there is no scientific consensus that fructose or HFCS impacts cardiometabolic health when substituted
High-fructose_corn_syrup
Television series
creationism, faith healing, and other positions that reject the scientific consensus on evolution. Scholars and commentators have noted that the show
Sid_Roth's_It's_Supernatural!
2004 novel by Michael Crichton
fictional impression of scientific authority, in support of Crichton's beliefs which were critical of the scientific consensus on climate change. Climate
State_of_Fear
7th-century mosque in Bangladesh
but its historical origins remain a subject of debate rather than scientific consensus. The site has not undergone a formal peer-reviewed archaeological
Lost_Mosque
English journalist (born 1956)
written numerous articles in various UK media outlets disputing the scientific consensus on the harms of climate change and criticising environmental protests
Dominic_Lawson
Australian Christian fundamentalist (born 1951)
were created together approximately 6,000 years ago, contrary to scientific consensus that indicates that the Earth is about 4.5 billion years old and
Ken_Ham
Metaphorical interpretation of the creation accounts in Genesis
theory can be found among both theistic evolutionists, who accept the scientific consensus on evolution, and progressive creationists, who reject it. The theories
Day-age_creationism
Judgement, viewpoint, or statement that is not conclusive
accepted consensus for a particular situation. In other circumstances, a particular scientific opinion may be at odds with consensus. Scientific literacy
Opinion
Person claiming extrasensory perception abilities
teleportation. Although many people believe in psychic abilities, the scientific consensus is that there is no proof of the existence of such powers, and describes
Psychic
Australian meteorologist
Kininmonth is an Australian retired meteorologist who rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. Kininmonth has a B.Sc. from the University of
William Kininmonth (meteorologist)
William_Kininmonth_(meteorologist)
American lawyer and politician (born 1968)
while under at least 14 federal investigations. Pruitt denies the scientific consensus on climate change. Pruitt represented Tulsa and Wagoner counties
Scott_Pruitt
Organomercury antiseptic and antifungal agent
nasal products, and tattoo inks.[better source needed] Despite the scientific consensus that fears about its safety are unsubstantiated, its use as a vaccine
Thiomersal
Hypotheses on the origin of Olmec civilization
formation of Olmec civilization which contradict generally accepted scholarly consensus, which holds that Olmec civilization is entirely indigenous to the region
Olmec alternative origin speculations
Olmec_alternative_origin_speculations
American neurosurgeon and conspiracy theorist
Belhaven College. Blaylock has endorsed views inconsistent with the scientific consensus, including that food additives such as aspartame and monosodium glutamate
Russell_Blaylock
Western cultural food hygiene myth
some situations floors may be relatively clean of pathogens, the scientific consensus is opposed to such a general applied rule, and the origin of the
Five-second_rule
American broadsheet newspaper
Obama. The Washington Times has published columns contradicting scientific consensus on multiple environmental and health issues. The Washington Times
The_Washington_Times
Form of modern folklore
disprove several urban legends by attempting to reproduce them using the scientific method. The 1998 film Urban Legend featured students discussing popular
Urban_legend
Information sent faster than light
information is conveyed at faster-than-light speeds. The current scientific consensus is that faster-than-light communication is not possible, and to date
Faster-than-light communication
Faster-than-light_communication
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