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Electronic device
In electronic signal processing, a square law detector is a device that produces an output proportional to the square of some input. For example, in demodulating
Square-law_detector
Device that detects smoke, typically as an indicator of fire
A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire. Smoke detectors/alarms are usually housed in plastic enclosures, typically
Smoke_detector
Sensor designed to detect flame or fire
the flame and the flame detector is large compared to the dimension of the fire then the square law applies: If a flame detector can detect a fire with
Flame_detector
Simple radio receiver circuit for AM reception
crystal detector that demodulates the radio signal to extract the audio signal (modulation). The crystal detector functions as a square law detector, demodulating
Crystal_radio
Physics apparatus designed to study neutrinos
neutrino detectors must be very large to detect a significant number of neutrinos. Neutrino detectors are often built underground, to isolate the detector from
Neutrino_detector
Technique to study materials that have unpaired electrons
the detector is referred to as a square-law detector. At higher power levels (greater than 1 mW) the diode current is proportional to the square root
Electron paramagnetic resonance
Electron_paramagnetic_resonance
to as Va). From Kirchhoff's Current Law, this value depends on Vin and the output voltage of the threshold detector itself, both multiplied by a resistor
Comparator_applications
Optoelectronics component
emission. When the emitted power is detected with a wide-bandwidth square-law detector the intensity noise will be converted into current fluctuations and
Superluminescent_diode
Cascade of electronic components
guide figure for system performance. In a wideband receiver, with a square-law detector, the TSS value at the chain input terminals is given by T S S ( d
RF_chain
it is clear that there is an interference or beat note term in a square-law detector | E ( + ) | 2 = | E 1 | 2 + | E 2 | 2 + { E 1 ∗ E 2 e x p [ i ( ν
Quantum_beats
Information method in electromagnetic radiation
light detectors—so called "Square-law detectors"—respond to the photon energy to free bound electrons, and since the energy flux scales as the square of
Optical_heterodyne_detection
Electronic circuit
amplifier as a means of deriving the square-law transfer function x2 = e2 ln |x| , and then the time-average and square root are performed, similarly to above
True_RMS_converter
Radio telescope in Massachusetts, US
0.25 or 0.5 MHz width. The outputs of the filters are passed to square law detectors. After amplification, the detected signals are accumulated in integrators
CfA 1.2 m Millimeter-Wave Telescope
CfA_1.2_m_Millimeter-Wave_Telescope
Stanford University professor
permitted the determination of electromagnetic phase by the use of square-law detectors. A new elementary signal representation, the Chirplet transform,
Ronald_N._Bracewell
Physical quantity in radiometry
by a detector, A refers to an area on the surface of the detector and Ω to the solid angle subtended by the source as viewed from that detector. When
Radiance
Scientific law describing absorption of light
inhomogeneities could also scatter light away from the detector. Modern texts combine the two laws because scattering and absorption have the same effect
Beer–Lambert_law
Unit of spectral flux density
watts) is divided by the receiver collecting area (in square meters), and then divided by the detector bandwidth (in hertz). The flux density of astronomical
Jansky
Emission of secondary X-rays from a material excited by high-energy X-rays
Proportional counters or various types of solid-state detectors (PIN diode, Si(Li), Ge(Li), silicon drift detector SDD) are used. They all share the same detection
X-ray_fluorescence
Extremely sensitive solid-state photodetector
compatible with magnetic resonance setups. They also hold promise as photon-detectors in high-energy physics calorimetry and astrophysics. Nevertheless, there
Silicon_photomultiplier
Psychophysics of varying the intensity of a stimulus
Weber's law states that just noticeable difference is proportional to the magnitude of the initial stimulus. The brain is a percentage of change detector. The
Weber–Fechner_law
locator is a class of fraudulent devices purported to be a type of metal detector, supposedly able to detect a variety of substances, including gold, drugs
Long-range_locator
Two-terminal electronic component
Edison employee) realized that the Edison effect could be used as a radio detector. Fleming patented the first true thermionic diode, the Fleming valve, in
Diode
Type of electronic noise
fluctuate a lot. From the law of large numbers, one can show that the relative fluctuations reduce as the reciprocal square root of the number of throws
Shot_noise
American multinational technology company
search results page is AI-generated. In 2025, Google announced SynthID Detector, a tool that uses watermarking to identify whether content such as text
Fake bomb detector
The ADE 651 is a fraudulent bomb detector produced by the British company Advanced Tactical Security & Communications Ltd (ATSC). It was claimed to detect
ADE_651
Aspect of relativity in physics
Japanese detector KAGRA was completed in 2019; its first joint detection with LIGO and VIRGO was reported in 2021. Another European ground-based detector, the
Gravitational_wave
Technique for the characterisation of crystalline materials
sample-to-detector distance, Δ {\displaystyle \Delta } is the correction for the sample-to-detector distance (corrected sample-to-detector distance D
Rietveld_refinement
Measure used in radio engineering and telecommunications
incorporated in the detector. These detectors have a square law output for low levels of input. Readings therefore corresponded to the square of the electric
Standing_wave_ratio
Intensity of electromagnetic radiation
calculating radiance received by a detector, Ω refers to the solid angle subtended by the source as viewed from that detector. Spectral intensity in frequency
Radiant_intensity
Compact astronomical body
showed that the laws of electromagnetism are identical for observers travelling at different velocities relative to each other. The laws of mechanics had
Black_hole
Privately owned museum dedicated to the history of criminology and penology in the U.S.
station with a booking room, celebrity mug shots, police line-up, lie detector test, prisoners' art, and jail-made weapons and escape tools, and a re-creation
National Museum of Crime and Punishment
National_Museum_of_Crime_and_Punishment
Device used for microwave measurements
of the detector diode. The detected voltage signal output of the Schottky barrier diodes typically used in microwave detectors have a square law relationship
Slotted_line
Measure in 3-dimensional geometry
"Analytical calculation of the solid angle subtended by a circular disc detector at a point cosine source". Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A. 521 (2–3):
Solid_angle
Elementary particle with extremely low mass
electron neutrino produced in a beta decay reaction may interact in a distant detector as a muon or tau neutrino. The three mass values are not yet known as of
Neutrino
A grid leak detector is an electronic circuit that demodulates an amplitude modulated alternating current and amplifies the recovered modulating voltage
Grid-leak_detector
Attraction of masses and energy
interactions. The electromagnetic force law is similar to the force law for gravity: both depend upon the square of the inverse distance between objects
Gravity
International radio telescope project
The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is an intergovernmental international radio telescope project being built in Australia (low-frequency) and South Africa
Square_Kilometre_Array
Computational imaging technique
for producing spatially-resolved images using a single detector instead of an array of detectors (as in conventional camera sensors). A device that implements
Single-pixel_imaging
Radiance of a surface
square law of radiative propagation. The concept of specific (radiative) intensity of a source at the point P1 presumes that the destination detector
Spectral_radiance
Technique to analyze the infrared spectrum of matter
More sensitive detectors than the bolometer were required because of the low energy of the radiation. One such was the Golay detector. An additional issue
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy
Signal processing technique
photon detectors are inherently energy detectors not oscillating electric field detectors. However, since energy detection is inherently square-law detection
Heterodyne
rectification or square-law detection, and then amplifies this demodulated signal. The capacitor in series with the grid forms a grid-leak detector which allow
Audion_receiver
Equations describing classical electromagnetism
matter, such as the photoelectric effect, Planck's law, the Duane–Hunt law, and single-photon light detectors. However, many such phenomena may be explained
Maxwell's_equations
February 16, 2024. Pucci, Douglas (February 23, 2024). "Thursday Ratings: Law & Order on NBC Bids Farewell to Jack McCoy a.k.a. Sam Waterston". Programming
List of Ghosts (American TV series) episodes
List_of_Ghosts_(American_TV_series)_episodes
Russian physicist (1859–1906)
phenomena. On 7 May 1895, he presented a paper on a wireless lightning detector he had built that worked via using a coherer to detect radio noise from
Aleksandr_Popov_(physicist)
Physical search for treasure
thousands of square nautical miles, thus making discovery normally impossible for archaeologists. Since the popularization of metal detectors in the 1970s
Treasure_hunting
Electrical isolation mechanism
lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each
Resistive_opto-isolator
French physicist (1868–1917)
detector Electrolytic detector Foster–Seeley discriminator Grid-leak detector Hot wire barretter Magnetic detector Plate detector Wunderlich detector
Camille_Tissot
Canadian model and actress (born 1957)
Frasier. She has also lent her voice to the Nickelodeon cartoon SpongeBob SquarePants in the episode "20,000 Patties Under the Sea", which also featured
Shannon_Tweed
Circuit that creates new frequencies from two signals
produce new frequencies were often described as heterodyne detectors or simply detectors, since an important early use was producing audible beat notes
Frequency_mixer
U.S. nonprofit organization
Unified School District search policies, including LAUSD's Random Metal Detector Search Policy, arguing that these policies erode trust between students
Youth_Justice_Coalition
System that detects and conveys the location of gunfire or other weapon fire
artillery and mortars. The detector can be used as an automated shot correction sensor for close arms support. In public safety and law enforcement, gunshot
Gunfire_locator
application of the product-to-sum formulae, and beat (acoustics) and phase detector for applications of the sum-to-product formulae. The product of two sines
List of trigonometric identities
List_of_trigonometric_identities
Semiconductor light source
The TAC-BIO detector's response time was one minute from when it sensed a biological agent. It was also demonstrated that the detector could be operated
Light-emitting_diode
Power transferred per unit area
{\displaystyle I={\frac {P}{4\pi r^{2}}}.} This is known as the inverse-square law. For a monochromatic propagating electromagnetic wave such as a plane
Intensity_(physics)
Firearm created using 3D printing
Undetectable Firearms Act, any firearm that cannot be detected by a metal detector is illegal to manufacture, so legal designs for firearms such as the Liberator
3D-printed_firearm
Bullet hell shoot 'em up video game series
on Steam on November 16, 2017, marking the series' Steam debut. Violet Detector (秘封ナイトメアダイアリー, Hifū Naitomea Daiarī; lit. 'Secret Sealing Nightmare Diary')
Touhou_Project
Arson case in New York City
York City laws were updated to require structures with floors to be divided into units of 7,500 square feet or less. Additionally, the law was updated
1975_World_Trade_Center_fire
Spectral density of light emitted by a black body
In physics, Planck's law (also Planck radiation law) describes the spectral density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium
Planck's_law
Discrete probability distribution
diameter that strike Earth in a year; the number of laser photons hitting a detector in a particular time interval; the number of students achieving a low and
Poisson_distribution
Method of detecting gravitational waves
holes, was made in 2015 by the LIGO sites. As of 2024[update], major detectors are the two LIGO sites in the United States, Virgo in Italy and KAGRA
Ground-based interferometric gravitational-wave search
Ground-based_interferometric_gravitational-wave_search
Device that measures magnetism
metal detectors: they can detect only ferromagnetic metals, but can detect such metals at a much greater distance than conventional metal detectors, which
Magnetometer
Scanning electron microscopy technique
is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light
Electron backscatter diffraction
Electron_backscatter_diffraction
Israeli hostages killed in Gaza
their respects, as well as gathering in Hostages Square. Israel screened the coffins through metal detectors to ensure they were not booby-trapped. Upon opening
Kidnapping and murder of the Bibas family
Kidnapping_and_murder_of_the_Bibas_family
Manufacturing company of Germany
Over the years, its product range has expanded to include locks, smoke detectors, video surveillance systems, alarm systems, bicycle and boat security
ABUS
2019 video game
million civilians with a single shot. Using sonobuoys and a magnetic anomaly detector to locate the Alicorn, the LRSSG and Osean anti-submarine planes force
Ace_Combat_7:_Skies_Unknown
NASA infrared space telescope launched in 2026
captures a 0.28 square degree field of view with a resolution of 0.11 arcseconds. The detector array is composed of 18 H4RG-10 detectors provided by Teledyne
Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope
Physics experiment
hits on the screen. Furthermore, versions of the experiment that include detectors at the slits find that each detected photon passes through one slit (as
Double-slit_experiment
Kettei-ki" (Japanese: コース決定機) May 20, 1981 (1981-05-20) 564 "The Disaster Detector" Transliteration: "Sainan Yohō-ki" (Japanese: 災難予報機) May 25, 1981 (1981-05-25)
List of Doraemon (1979 TV series) episodes (1979–1986)
List_of_Doraemon_(1979_TV_series)_episodes_(1979–1986)
Election for the 61st Parliament of Victoria
handheld metal detector without warrants or designations. The Liberal/National opposition has vowed to repeal the statewide treaty law within 100 days
2026_Victorian_state_election
Instrument to measure light intensity
low. The irradiance is limited by the time resolution of its associated detector readout electronics. With current technology this is in the megahertz range
Photometer
Former Ukrainian television channel
2019-05-23. "1 вересня в ефір вийде телеканал "Куй-ТБ"/QTV (ДОПОВНЕНО)". detector.media (in Ukrainian). 2008-08-29. Archived from the original on 16 May
QTV_(Ukrainian_TV_channel)
1989 murder of an American schoolgirl
leads. Dozens of suspects were asked to take lie-detector tests, but no one has ever been charged. Law enforcement continues to pursue leads and monitor
Killing_of_Amy_Mihaljevic
Differential operator in mathematics
image processing and computer vision (see the Laplacian of Gaussian, blob detector, and scale space). The list of formulas in Riemannian geometry contains
Laplace_operator
DC-DC voltage step-down power converter
Zero-Crossing Detector and CCM/DCM Boundary Detector for Integrated High-Current Switched-Mode DC-DC Converters". "Time Domain CCM/DCM Boundary Detector with Zero
Buck_converter
detector). He developed an improved detector to pick up this unknown "extra current" based on his new microphone design (similar to later detectors known
Invention_of_radio
Injury caused by a bullet
bleeding control. If there are no hard signs, the person receives a multi-detector CT angiography for better diagnosis. A directed angiography or endoscopy
Gunshot_wound
Field-equations in general relativity
implying local energy–momentum conservation, the EFE reduce to Newton's law of gravitation in the limit of a weak gravitational field and velocities
Einstein_field_equations
Elastic interaction of x-rays with electrons
that satisfies Bragg's law and the Ewald construction mentioned above. The measured intensity of the reflection will be square of this amplitude A 2 S
X-ray_diffraction
2002 American psychological thriller film
as Troy Abbott Emilio Rivera as Salvadoran Man John Billingsley as Lie Detector Coach Dendrie Taylor as Lola Paula Jai Parker as Gracie Dawn Hudson as
High_Crimes
Type of radio receiver
heterodyne reception could produce amplification when the detector operated in a square-law region, with conversion gain a function of the amplitude of
Superheterodyne_receiver
English former model, media personality, businesswoman, and activist (born 1968)
[dead link] Clarke, Natalie (12 April 2012). "The Heather Mills Porky Detector Test". Evening Standard. UK. Retrieved 27 December 2024. Clarke, Natalie
Heather_Mills
Electricity generation by nuclear fusion
detectors to reflect light. Neutron detectors: Several types of neutron detectors can record the rate at which neutrons are produced. X-ray detectors
Fusion_power
Radio telescope array
kilometres (12 mi × 9 mi). This gives a total collecting area of about 49,000 square meters, about the same as one 250 meter dish, or roughly equivalent to the
Deep_Synoptic_Array
American political activist (1993–2025)
the event was canceled. He had said that guns, armed guards, and gun detectors could be used to prevent shootings in schools and campuses. In an April
Charlie_Kirk
SI unit of magnetic field strength
17 T 4 T – strength of the superconducting magnet built around the CMS detector at CERN 5.16 T – the strength of a specially designed room temperature
Tesla_(unit)
Ukrainian impressionist painter (1869–1941)
українського художника Івана Труша, яку вважали зниклою під час Другої світової". detector.media (in Ukrainian). 15 April 2018. Retrieved 29 October 2022. Oleksandr
Ivan_Trush
Experimental method in X-ray diffraction
single dimension. When the scattered radiation is collected on a flat plate detector, the rotational averaging leads to smooth diffraction rings around the
Powder_diffraction
Scientific projections regarding the far future
Proton Decay via p+ → e+ π0 and p+ → μ+ π0 in a Large Water Cherenkov Detector". Physical Review Letters. 102 (14) 141801. arXiv:0903.0676. Bibcode:2009PhRvL
Timeline_of_the_far_future
Algorithm that estimates unknowns from a series of measurements over time
interfaces Tracking and vertex fitting of charged particles in particle detectors Tracking of objects in computer vision Dynamic positioning in shipping
Kalman_filter
Venezuelan mathematical biologist
Provost Santiago Schnell flagged as 'AI-written' by 'near-zero error' AI detector Pangram". The Dartmouth. Retrieved 1 October 2026. "Schnell: What I've
Santiago_Schnell
Degradation of AI models trained on synthetic data
alternative branch of the literature investigates the use of machine learning detectors and watermarking to identify model generated data and filter it out. In
Model_collapse
the team return to the crime scene and discover hidden cameras in smoke detectors thanks to a tip from one of the residents. Meanwhile, Cortez learns that
List of S.W.A.T. (2017 TV series) episodes
List_of_S.W.A.T._(2017_TV_series)_episodes
Shoplifting prevention mechanism
and EAS tags or labels. They are colloquially referred to as anti-theft detectors. EAS tags are attached to merchandise; these tags can only be removed
Electronic article surveillance
Electronic_article_surveillance
American actor (1921–1996)
Commercial Man The Misadventures of Merlin Jones (1964) - Kohner, Lie Detector Operator (uncredited) A Tiger Walks (1964) - Television Interviewer (uncredited)
Michael_Fox_(American_actor)
Electrical conductivity with exactly zero resistance
detectors. The same effect is used in ultrasensitive bolometers made from superconducting materials. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
Superconductivity
Equations of light transmission and reflection
difficult to achieve in an experimental setup since the incoming beam and the detector will obstruct each other. However, since the dependence of Rs and Rp on
Fresnel_equations
Pennsylvania disappearance case
retained Eileen Law, a private investigator with an agency in Kennett Square, to find her daughter. A segment on CNN's Nancy Grace captured Law's attention
Disappearance of Toni Sharpless
Disappearance_of_Toni_Sharpless
Capacity of an object to radiate electromagnetic energy
ideal, black sample. The detectors are essentially black absorbers with very sensitive thermometers that record the detector's temperature rise when exposed
Emissivity
Town in Colorado, US
Colorado House of Representatives Duane D. Pearsall (1922–2010), smoke detector entrepreneur Christine Scanlan, Colorado state legislator Colorado portal
Dillon,_Colorado
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SQUARE LAW-DETECTOR
SQUARE LAW-DETECTOR
SQUARE LAW-DETECTOR
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