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Method of burial used by Native Americans
Stone box graves were a method of burial used by Native Americans of the Mississippian culture in the Midwestern United States and the Southeastern United
Stone_box_grave
Small stone-built coffin-like box, ossua or dolmen
Ancient Greek: κίστη; cognate to English: chest) or cist grave is a small stone-built coffin-like box or ossuary used to hold the bodies of the dead. In some
Cist
Items buried along with the body
such as pottery and stone and metal tools, but organic objects that have since decayed were also placed in ancient tombs. If grave goods were to be useful
Grave_goods
Images carved on a rock surface as a form of rock art
petroglyph comes from the Greek prefix petro-, from πέτρα petra meaning "stone", and γλύφω glýphō meaning "carve", and was originally coined in French
Petroglyph
Prehistoric period, first part of the Stone Age
PAY-lee-oh-LITH-ik, PAL-ee-), or Old Stone Age, is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools. It represents almost
Paleolithic
Mound of earth and stones raised over graves
A tumulus (pl.: tumuli) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds, mounds, howes, or
Tumulus
Earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic
of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. It spans the time from around 3.3 million years ago when the first evidence for stone tool production and use by
Lower_Paleolithic
Prehistoric period before metal tools
The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make stone tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The
Stone_Age
Axe specifically designed for combat
exaggerated as befitted a national hero: "Long and long after he was quiet in his grave, his terrible battle-axe, with twenty English pounds of English steel in
Battle_axe
Stone Age. Stone tools may be made of either ground stone or knapped stone, the latter fashioned by a craftsman called a flintknapper. Stone has been used
Stone_tool
First epoch of the Quaternary Period
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
Pleistocene
Archaeological period, last part of the Stone Age (New Stone Age)
νέος néos 'new' and λίθος líthos 'stone'), or New Stone Age, is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Asia, Europe and Africa
Neolithic
Prehistoric period, second part of the Stone Age
The Mesolithic (Greek: μέσος, mesos 'middle' + λίθος, lithos 'stone') is the Old World archaeological period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic
Mesolithic
Prehistoric period: Copper Age
Russia, where there was no well-defined Copper Age between the Stone and Bronze Ages. Stone tools were still predominantly used during this period. The Chalcolithic
Chalcolithic
Aspect of human history
regularly and systematically by early modern humans to heat-treat silcrete stone to increase its flake-ability for toolmaking ~164,000 years ago at the South
Control of fire by early humans
Control_of_fire_by_early_humans
Subdivision of the Paleolithic, or Old Stone Age
Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. Very broadly, it dates to between 50,000 and 12,000 years ago (the
Upper_Paleolithic
Period of human history before records
history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins c. 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded
Prehistory
Archaeological site in Turkey
other areas of the community. In a woman's grave, spinning whorls were recovered and in a man's grave, stone axes. Some skulls were plastered and painted
Çatalhöyük
Period before the First Dynasty of Egypt
Egypt is sparse and fragmentary. The oldest archaeological finds in Egypt, stone tools belonging to the Oldowan industry, are poorly dated. These tools are
Prehistoric_Egypt
Dwelling
an open shelter Dry stone huts Clochán – Irish dry stone hut Mitato – a small, dry stone hut in Greece Orri – a French dry stone and sod hut Sheiling
Hut
cairns, which are simply large piles of loose stones (as opposed to chambered cairns) standing stone rings, such as Stonehenge, also do not count because
List of oldest extant buildings
List_of_oldest_extant_buildings
Surgically drilling a hole in the skull
were sometimes called "medicine men". This group used materials such as stone, obsidian, bronze, or bone shaped into hand-held tools. The intentional
Trepanning
Oldest form of prehistoric art
antiquity.ac.uk. Vanhaeren, Marian; d'Errico, Francesco (June 2005). "Grave goods from the Saint-Germain-la-Rivière burial: Evidence for social inequality
Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic
Anthropomorphic stone stelae within the perimeter of a tumulus
from stone tiled kurgans (Central Kazakhstan). Nomads (in Russian). Vol. 1. Pavlodar EKO. ISBN 978-9965-635-21-2. Kazakevich, V.A. (1930). Grave statues
Kurgan_stelae
Prehistoric ivory sculpture discovered in the Hohlenstein-Stadel, a cave in Germany
example of zoomorphic art, it was carved out of mammoth ivory using a flint stone knife. Seven parallel, transverse, carved gouges are on the left arm. After
Lion-man
Tool to give more leverage when throwing a spear-like projectile
improvements such as thong loops to fit the fingers, the use of flexible shafts or stone balance weights. Dart shafts can be made thinner and highly flexible for
Spear-thrower
Form of megalithic tomb
single large stone. Multiple burials could occur all at one time, the grave could be reopened several times to accept new burials, or the grave could remain
Gallery_grave
Archaeological industry of the European Upper Paleolithic
offerings and/or personal ornaments owned by the deceased, placed within the grave or tomb. Surviving Gravettian art includes numerous cave paintings and small
Gravettian
Music produced in preliterate cultures (prehistory)
Early Cycladic culture (2900–2000 BCE) were discovered together in a single grave in the 19th century. They depict a standing double flute player and a sitting
Prehistoric_music
New World prehistoric projectile
are known to have been made of flint, chert, jasper, chalcedony and other stone of conchoidal fracture. Quartz crystal were also used and those points tend
Clovis_point
Type of megalithic tomb
passage grave or passage tomb consists of one or more burial chambers covered in earth or stone and having a narrow access passage made of large stones. These
Passage_grave
Afro-Eurasian Middle Paleolithic culture
The Mousterian (or Mode III) is an archaeological industry of stone tools, associated primarily with the Neanderthals in Europe and with the earliest
Mousterian
Archaeological site in southwestern Illinois, US
arrowheads in a variety of different styles and materials was found near the grave of this important man. Separated into four types, each from a different
Cahokia
Earth blocks for construction
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
Mudbrick
Crops native to the New World
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
New_World_crops
Upper Paleolithic culture of Europe
Black Sea, approximately 600 kilometers away (Hahn 1971). Small amounts of stone or fossils in Aurignacian sites of Moravia, southern Germany and the Rhineland
Aurignacian
Neolithic culture in upper Mesopotamia and the Levant c. 8800–6500 BC
experts in crafting beautiful and highly sophisticated containers from stone, using materials such as alabaster or granite, and employing sand to shape
Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B
Place for a fire to heat the home and to cook food, usually of masonry
hood, or chimney. Hearths are usually composed of masonry such as brick or stone. For millennia, the hearth was such an integral part of a home, usually
Hearth
Stele or marker, usually stone, placed over a grave
made of stone, that is placed over a grave. A marker set at the head of the grave may be called a headstone. An especially old or elaborate stone slab may
Gravestone
Set of ten wooden weapons from the Palaeolithic Age
hunting weapons yet discovered and were found together with animal bones and stone and bone tools. Being used by the oldest known group of human hunters, they
Schöningen_spears
Agricultural technique of Indigenous people in the Americas
she wished for her body to sustain the people or Sky Woman sowed on her grave the seeds she had brought when she fell to Earth, but never planted before
Three_Sisters_(agriculture)
Archaeological culture associated with Homo erectus
acheuléen after the type site of Saint-Acheul, is an archaeological industry of stone tool manufacture characterized by the distinctive oval and pear-shaped "hand
Acheulean
Type of earth shelter with ancient origins
Oerlinghausen Archaeological Open Air Museum, and the Hochdorf Chieftain's Grave. They compare with the Swedish Backstuga that were very poor people’s homes
Pit-house
Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic cultures
Magdalenian Girl Swimming Reindeer Art of the Upper Paleolithic List of Stone Age art Haplogroup I-M170 Younger Dryas Montgaudier Cave Lefebvre, A.; Pétillon
Magdalenian
Calendar based only on the Moon
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
Lunar_calendar
Paintings, often prehistoric, on cave walls and ceilings
subjects in the many small carved and engraved bone or ivory (less often stone) pieces dating from the same periods. But these include the group of Venus
Cave_painting
Memory aid device
The single tally stick was an elongated piece of bone, ivory, wood, or stone which is marked with a system of notches (see: tally marks). The single
Tally_stick
Archaeological site in Louisiana, US
than those at Poverty Point. The people heated local gravel for cooking stones to steam some of their food. They created and fired earthenware items in
Watson_Brake
Type of Neolithic monument
three-stone dolmen. During the first half of the first millennium BCE, many British long barrows saw renewed human activity. At Julliberrie's Grave in Kent
Long_barrow
Middle Eastern Neolithic culture
PPNA settlements are characterized by round, semi-subterranean houses with stone foundations and terrazzo-floors. The upper walls were constructed of unbaked
Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_A
Type of Bronze Age chamber tomb
corbelled passage grave with a single burial chamber linked to the entrance by a short passage and covered with a cairn of stones, with the entrances
Clava_cairn
Religions thought to have appeared during the Paleolithic time period
ochre and wearing seashell, tooth, and bone ornaments. The grave goods appear as various stone tools. The man in the middle was lying on a "pillow" of bison
Paleolithic_religion
clapper bridge. Arthur's Stone, Herefordshire, Neolithic chambered tomb. Barclodiad y Gawres, Neolithic cruciform passage grave. Belas Knap, Neolithic long
List of prehistoric structures in Great Britain
List_of_prehistoric_structures_in_Great_Britain
back to 3,200 BC. Prehistory covers the time from the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) to the beginning of ancient history. All dates are approximate and
Timeline_of_prehistory
Object that reflects an image
manufacturing mirrors out of a variety of materials for thousands of years, like stone, metals, and glass. In modern mirrors, metals like silver or aluminium are
Mirror
Legendary Indigenous North American creature
terminology and popular usage. Some thunderbird nests are doughnut-shaped stone rings. In a key archaeological investigation of a thunderbird nest, Patrick
Thunderbird_(mythology)
Act of shaping stone materials
Stone carving is an activity where pieces of rough natural stone are shaped by the controlled removal of stone. Owing to the permanence of the material
Stone_carving
Original agricultural crops
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
Founder_crops
Form of prehistoric art
megaliths such as the slab cists of the Food Vessel culture, some stone circles and passage graves such as the clava tombs and on the capstones at Newgrange.
Cup_and_ring_mark
Transition of human species to anthropologically modern behavior
000–75,000 years ago and possibly earlier), namely in the African Middle Stone Age. Anthropologists Sally McBrearty and Alison S. Brooks have been notable
Behavioral_modernity
Prehistoric culture in modern Russia
graves found are shallow pits for single individuals, but two or three individuals might be placed there. Some of the graves are covered with a stone
Samara_culture
Mythological serpent found in the mythology of many cultures
Val Camonica. A bronze statuette called the God of Étang-sur-Arroux and a stone sculpture from Sommerécourt depict Cernunnos' body encircled by two horned
Horned_Serpent
Cists from the Late Neolithic and early Bronze Age
954 km2 (368 square miles) area of moorland in south Devon, England. The box-like stone tombs were created when the ancient people of the area lived in hut
Dartmoor_kistvaens
Neolithic sculpture found in Turkey
fertility goddess worshipped by the people of Çatalhöyük. Cybele List of Stone Age art Venus figurines As noted in Hugh Honour and John Fleming, A World
Seated_Woman_of_Çatalhöyük
Bronze Age Europe artefacts
figural depiction of an object resembling a conical hat on a stone slab of the King's Grave at Kivik, Southern Sweden, strongly supports their association
Gold_hat
Earlier part of the Neolithic period in Southwest Asia
Mehrgarh and many Mesopotamian sites. The postures of the skeletal remains in graves at Mehrgarh bear a strong resemblance to those at Ali Kosh in the Zagros
Pre-Pottery_Neolithic
some examples have very large stones. For example, the stone arrangement at Wurdi Youang consists of about 100 stones arranged in an egg-shaped oval
Indigenous_Australian_art
Implement used for water-borne propulsion
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
Oar
Period in Levantine history
that would not be often called Epipalaeolithic today. This left stone-lined pit graves containing implements of bone, such as harpoon and javelin heads
Epipalaeolithic
Ring of standing stones
A stone circle is a ring of megalithic standing stones. Most are found in Northwestern Europe – especially Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany
Stone_circle
Rock art in Western Australia
have clearly been vandalized. Some were scratched with stones, some damaged by thrown stones, and some have been broken by hammering with large rocks
Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings
Neolithic archaeological site in Balochistan, Pakistan
those areas. One ground stone axe was discovered in a burial, and several more were obtained from the surface. These ground stone axes are the earliest
Mehrgarh
Paleolithic period began with the first human occupation of the region. Stone tools discovered at Lézignan-la-Cèbe indicate that early humans were present
Prehistory_of_France
Type of house with a circular plan, usually with a conical roof
areas well into the Sub Roman period. The people built walls made of either stone or of wooden posts joined by wattle-and-daub panels, and topped with a conical
Roundhouse_(dwelling)
Archaeological industry of the European Upper Paleolithic
flintknapping. Knapping was done using antler batons, hardwood batons and soft stone hammers. This method permitted the working of delicate slivers of flint
Solutrean
Archaeological culture
The Oldowan (or Mode I) was a widespread stone tool archaeological industry during the early Lower Paleolithic spanning the late Pliocene and the first
Oldowan
Relationship between language and human evolution
the stone tool technology of hominins changed very little. Klein, who has worked extensively on ancient stone tools, describes the crude stone tool kit
Origin_of_language
Late Bronze Age artefact made of thin gold leaf
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
Berlin_Gold_Hat
Paleolithic artifact from Congo
discovered a bone about the "size of a pencil" amongst human remains and many stone tools in a small community that fished and gathered in this area of Africa
Ishango_bone
Stone age tool
French burin, meaning "cold chisel" or modern engraving burin) is a type of stone tool, a handheld lithic flake with a chisel-like edge which prehistoric
Burin_(lithic_flake)
Flint mine
10,000 of the polished stone axes, which were the mines' main product. Extrapolation across the site suggests that Grime's Graves may have produced around
Grime's_Graves
Indigenous folk monster
mythology Also styled "underwater manidoog". Conway, Thor (2010). Spirits in Stone. Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario: Heritage Discoveries. Kohl, Johann (1859). Kitchi-Gami:
Underwater_panther
Archaeological site in the United States
returned a date of 1214. Burials at the site were of a type known as stone box graves. Jones opened up at least 50 examples during his investigations. In
Old Town (Franklin, Tennessee)
Old_Town_(Franklin,_Tennessee)
Archaeological site in Armenia
use in funerary or sacrificial rituals. Drinking cups found near these graves further support the site's ritual significance. The cave was abandoned after
Areni-1_winery
Old Stone Age musical instruments
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
Paleolithic_flute
European megalithic monument
Vistula (the Niedźwiedź type graves - NTT). The term "unchambered" means that there is no stone chamber within the stone enclosure. In Great Britain they
Unchambered_long_barrow
Fossil site in San Diego County, California
the Americas requires the presence of unequivocal stone artefacts. There are no unequivocal stone tools associated with the bones... this site is likely
Cerutti_Mastodon_site
Cultural period in parts of the US (1000 CE – 1500 CE)
game-playing, as with chunkey. The Mississippians had no writing system or stone architecture. They worked with naturally occurring metal deposits, hammering
Mississippian period (archaeology)
Mississippian_period_(archaeology)
Disputed oldest known musical instrument
Mousterian level containing the flute was below an Aurignacian level containing stone artefacts and osseous points of anatomically modern humans, separated by
Divje_Babe_flute
Human-made markings on natural stone
refers to human-made markings placed on natural surfaces, typically vertical stone surfaces. A high proportion of surviving historic and prehistoric rock art
Rock_art
Distinctive type of stone knapping technique used by ancient humans
type of stone knapping developed around 250,000 to 400,000 years ago during the Middle Palaeolithic period. It is part of the Mousterian stone tool industry
Levallois_technique
Peoples who forage or hunt for most or all of their food
nets, hooks, and bone harpoons. Archaeologists can use evidence such as stone tool use to track hunter-gatherer activities, including mobility. Some hunter-gatherer
Hunter-gatherer
Supposed image of parts of a human or animal body in rock
Swearing Stone found at Castleward earthwork was probably used in inauguration ceremonies. A passage-grave at Petit-Mont Arzon in Brittany contains a stone with
Petrosomatoglyph
Mississippian copper plate collection
are very similar to one another. They were discovered in 1885 in a stone box grave by John P. Rogan during excavations of Mound C at the Etowah near Cartersville
Etowah_plates
Prehistoric earthwork
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
Causewayed_enclosure
Type of chamber tomb found in Ireland and Scotland
grave. During the period, 3900–3500 BC, more than 390 court cairns were built in Ireland and over 100 in southwest Scotland. The Neolithic (New Stone
Court_cairn
Stone tool
Microlith A microlith is a small stone tool usually made of flint or chert and typically several centimeters in length and half a centimetre wide. They
Microlith
Period in African prehistory
The Middle Stone Age (or MSA) was a period of African prehistory between the Early Stone Age and the Later Stone Age. It is generally considered to have
Middle_Stone_Age
Architectural elements typical of European megalithic structures
in it are known. They are common in the gallery graves of the Seine-Oise-Marne culture. Portal stones are a pair of Megalithic orthostats, usually flanking
Megalithic architectural elements
Megalithic_architectural_elements
Archaeological site in Georgia, US
site was owned by Captain John H. Nichols, who reported plowing up stone box graves to the west of the mound. (These are now known to be typical artifacts
Nacoochee_Mound
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