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Polymer showing drastic changes in physical properties with temperature
Temperature-responsive polymers or thermoresponsive polymers are polymers that exhibit drastic and discontinuous changes in their physical properties
Temperature-responsive polymer
Temperature-responsive_polymer
Chemical compound
abbreviated PNIPA, PNIPAM, PNIPAAm, NIPA, PNIPAA or PNIPAm) is a temperature-responsive polymer that was first synthesized in the 1950s. It can be synthesized
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
Materials that can retain several shapes
when induced by an external stimulus (trigger), such as temperature change. IUPAC definition Polymer that, after heating and being subjected to a plastic
Shape-memory_polymer
Polymers that absorb and retain extremely large amounts of liquid
A superabsorbent polymer (SAP) (also called slush powder) is a water-absorbing hydrophilic homopolymers or copolymers that can absorb and retain extremely
Superabsorbent_polymer
Polymer whose backbone does not contain carbon
polymers with tunable or responsive properties are sometimes called smart inorganic polymers. A special class of inorganic polymers are geopolymers, which
Inorganic_polymer
Polymer responsive to electric fields
stimuli-responsive gels. To avoid the electrolysis of water, hydrogel-based microfluidic devices are mainly based on temperature-responsive polymers with
Electroactive_polymer
Polymer-based, crosslinked hydrogel particle
A nanogel is a polymer-based, crosslinked hydrogel particle on the sub-micron scale. These complex networks of polymers present a unique opportunity in
Nanogel
Material that can be externally controlled
Stimuli Responsive: Responsive to environmental stimuli. Temperature-responsive polymers are materials that changes in response to temperature. pH-sensitive
Smart_material
Type of material
Smart polymers, stimuli-responsive polymers or functional polymers are high-performance polymers that change according to the environment they are in.
Smart_polymer
Chemical compound
Characterization of pH- and Temperature-Sensitive Poly(methacrylic acid)/Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Interpenetrating Polymeric Networks". Macromolecules
Poly(methacrylic_acid)
Polymeric arrays of repeating units connected by non-covalent bonds
supramolecular polymers having "stimuli-responsive" and "thermally bisignate" characteristics is also possible. In conventional covalent polymerization, two models
Supramolecular_polymer
Thermoresponsive polymers can be used as stationary phase in liquid chromatography. Here, the polarity of the stationary phase can be varied by temperature changes
Thermoresponsive polymers in chromatography
Thermoresponsive_polymers_in_chromatography
3D printing that changes shape according to certain stimuli
may be used in electrical devices for temperature sensing (if using a temperature-responsive shape memory polymer matrix), or as electrical safety devices
4D_printing
Polymer with a backbone of one composite and random branches of another composite
and drug release behaviors of pH-responsive copolymers ethyl cellulose-graft-PDEAEMA through ATRP". Carbohydrate Polymers. 84 (1): 195–202. doi:10.1016/j
Graft_polymer
pH sensitive or pH responsive polymers are materials which will respond to the changes in the pH of the surrounding medium by varying their dimensions
PH-sensitive_polymers
Poly(phthalaldehyde), abbreviated as PPA, is a metastable stimuli-responsive polymer first synthesized in 1967. It has garnered significant attention during
Poly(phthalaldehyde)
Polymeric materials that can be reverted to monomers
Depolymerizable polymers or Low-Ceiling Temperature Polymers refer to polymeric materials that can undergo depolymerization to revert the materials to
Depolymerizable_polymers
by Heino Finkelmann. In the temperature range of the liquid crystalline phase, the mesogen's orientation forces the polymer chains into a stretched conformation
Liquid_crystalline_elastomer
Nanostructures of protein-polymer conjugates
structure of the protein-polymer conjugates, polymer-protein particles with unique structures and functions, such as stimulus responsiveness, enrichment in specific
Polymer-protein_hybrid
Glass with electrically switchable opacity
Phase-changing polymer (PCP) shows reversible phase transition between amorphous and semicrystalline states. This change of phase is dominated by temperature change
Smart_glass
Cancer treatment
in acidic environments, polymers that change their charge properties with pH changes, and other special pH-responsive polymers. For example, two possible
PH-responsive tumor-targeted drug delivery
PH-responsive_tumor-targeted_drug_delivery
Polymer derived from more than one species of monomer
In polymer chemistry, a copolymer is a polymer derived from more than one species of monomer. The polymerization of monomers into copolymers is called
Copolymer
Chemical compound
of organic polymers with the formula (CH2CHCO2CH3)n. It is a synthetic acrylate polymer derived from methyl acrylate monomer. The polymers are colorless
Poly(methyl_acrylate)
Type of nanoparticle or microparticle
methacrylate, PDMAEMA), a negatively charged, pH-insensitive polymer, or a temperature-responsive polymer (poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide, PNIPAm). In changing the
Janus_particles
Soft water-rich polymer gel
"Magnetically responsive polymeric gels and elastomeric system(s) for drug delivery3", in Suresh P. Vyas; Udita Agrawal; Rajeev Sharma (eds.), Smart Polymeric Nano-Constructs
Hydrogel
Gel with varying physical properties
environments such as temperature, pH, light, and electric fields. They have been suggested for applications such as temperature-responsive recovery of moisture
Smart_gel
Highly viscous liquid exhibiting a kind of semi-solid behavior
energy-saving and medical technology, with applications including temperature-responsive research into recovering moisture from the air as water, drug delivery
Gel
Thermoplastic fluoropolymer
pC/N: 10 times larger than that observed in any other polymer. PVDF has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of about −35 °C and is typically 50–60% crystalline
Polyvinylidene_fluoride
Kind of nanostructure
Andrea (August 2025). "Polymer planar microcavities with CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dots for label-free vapor sensing". Responsive Materials. 3 (3) e70017
Photonic_crystal_sensor
Architecture that adapts to the environment
micro-encapsulated wax), salt hydrates, thermochromic polymer films, shape-memory alloys, temperature-responsive polymers, structure integrated photovoltaics, and
Climate-adaptive building shell
Climate-adaptive_building_shell
Ultrasound-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery
"A Review of Thermo- and Ultrasound-Responsive Polymeric Systems for Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Agents". Polymers. 8 (10): 359. doi:10.3390/polym8100359
Ultrasound-triggered drug delivery using stimuli-responsive hydrogels
Ultrasound-triggered_drug_delivery_using_stimuli-responsive_hydrogels
Polymer material
consist of long polymer chains that are stiff at service temperatures but become softer with increasing temperature. At low temperatures, the molecular
Covalent_adaptable_network
Yielding mechanism in polymers
growth of a craze fibril in glassy polymers". Polymer. Stimuli Responsive Polymers. 46 (18): 7504–7518. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.05.148.
Crazing
Targeted drug delivery systems
is released from the system. pH responsive drug delivery systems are typically synthesized from pH-responsive polymers that have been conjugated with ionic
Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems
Stimuli-responsive_drug_delivery_systems
ambient temperatures, which is advantageous because polymers degrade at high temperatures, so if a high-temperature plasma was used the polymers would degrade
Plasma_polymerization
Polymer nanocomposites (PNC) are composite materials consisting of inorganic nanoparticles dispersed within a polymer matrix. They offer enhanced material
Polymer_nanocomposite
Biohybrid microrobots
microtubes were made from a temperature-responsive polymer to enable the controlled release of the sperm cells upon a small temperature change of a few degrees
Robotic_sperm
billion pounds of polymers produced in the United States in 2001. Captodative olefins have a specific advantage of being responsive to solvent effects
Captodative_effect
Macromolecular Chemistry. His work focuses on poly(2-oxazoline)s, responsive polymers and supramolecular materials. Hoogenboom completed his PhD at Eindhoven
Richard_Hoogenboom
Technologies for targeted drug delivery
in temperature or pH have aroused interest. Arguably the most utilized polymer for activation-modulated delivery is the thermo-responsive polymer
Nanoparticle_drug_delivery
Phenomenon of attracting and holding water molecules
from the surrounding environment, which is usually at normal or room temperature. If water molecules become suspended among the substance's molecules
Hygroscopy
Type of hydrogel
specialized type of polymer hydrogel. A hydrogel is a macromolecular polymer gel constructed of a network of crosslinked polymer chains. Hydrogels are
Self-healing_hydrogels
Dipolar ion polymer
zwitterionic polymers, e.g., poly(phosphatidylcholines) and poly(carboxybetaines) do generally not feature a responsive behavior towards a temperature stimulus
Polysulfobetaine
Potential cancer treatment
Sio L, Kowalewski TA (November 2018). "Polymer-Based Nanomaterials for Photothermal Therapy: From Light-Responsive to Multifunctional Nanoplatforms for
Photothermal_therapy
Molecule with ability to reversibly switch states
temperature-, and pH-responsive micellar assemblies of spiropyran-initiated amphiphilic block copolymers: Kinetics of photochromism, responsiveness,
Molecular_switch
Smart inorganic polymers (SIPs) are hybrid or fully inorganic polymers with tunable (smart) properties such as stimuli responsive physical properties
Smart_inorganic_polymer
Class of inorganic polymers
by gamma-radiation. The cross-linked polymers absorb water to form hydrogels, which are responsive to temperature changes, expanding to a limit defined
Polyphosphazene
Chemical science associated with pressure-sensitive adhesives
glass transition temperature and high entanglement molecular weight, whereas the low tack polymer has high glass transition temperature and low entanglement
Chemistry of pressure-sensitive adhesives
Chemistry_of_pressure-sensitive_adhesives
Vegetable gum from the guar bean, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
to minimize formation damage. Viscosifiers, such as polymers and crosslinking agents, temperature stabilizers, pH control agents, and fluid loss control
Guar_gum
Reaction in polymer chemistry
on hydrophilic arms, in some cases made of stimuli-responsive polymers. CW occurs after the polymer chain has grown somewhat on the metal catalyst. The
Chain_walking
Material scientist and academic
use stimuli-responsive polymers as dispersing agents to tailor nanoparticle dispersion in solution and nanostructure in solidified polymer nanocomposites
Jaime_C._Grunlan
Indian biomedical engineer
hyperbranched polymer that breaks up the long antigenic ethylene glycol sequence in PEG and presents them as much shorter side-chains along a polymer backbone
Ashutosh_Chilkoti
response to external factors such as temperature and concentration. The mechanism of non-covalent polymerization in supramolecular chemistry is highly
Two-dimensional_polymer
conjugate with cytotoxic drugs. Also, ELPs may be able to function as polymeric scaffolds, which promote tissue regeneration. This capacity of ELPs has
Elastin-like_polypeptides
Use of 3D printing for micro-fabrication
desired spatial distribution. Materials include polymers, responsive hydrogels, shape memory polymers and bio-materials. The micro electro-mechanical
Projection micro-stereolithography
Projection_micro-stereolithography
Trails created by swift heavy ions penetrating through solids
and the temperature of the etch bath. In crystals and glasses, selective etching is due to the reduced density of the ion track. In polymers, selective
Ion_track
Medical dressing based on hydrogels
stimuli-responsive (i.e. thermoresponsive, bioresponsive, pH-responsive, photoresponsive, and redox-responsive) are also being produced. pH-responsive hydrogel
Hydrogel_dressing
State of matter with properties of both conventional liquids and crystals
Their crystalline-like anisotropy alongside their liquid-like stimuli responsiveness and flow have made LCs useful in applications in displays (notably Liquid-crystal
Liquid_crystal
Packaging that interacts with products or their environment
disposal. Edible films, bio-based polymers, biodegradable materials, nanoparticles, natural antimicrobials, and responsive colour indicators are continuing
Active_packaging
Design with living organisms
Rahim, M.K.; Gazal, U. (2021). "Stimuli-responsive polymer composites for fabric applications". Smart Polymer Nanocomposites. Elsevier. pp. 351–376. doi:10
Biodesign
crosslinked microgels, micelles, and grafted polymer brushes. Recently, it was also shown that thermo-responsive thin films exhibit the cononsolvency effect
Cononsolvency
Copolymer in which the transition between different types of monomer is gradual
In polymer chemistry, gradient copolymers are copolymers in which the change in monomer composition is gradual from predominantly one species to predominantly
Gradient_copolymer
Scottish researcher
has developed stimuli-responsive polymer-based nanoparticles can encapsulate proteins and RNA but simply warming to room temperature. Rowan's work has been
Stuart_Rowan
Study of chemical reactions influenced by mechanical phenomena
crosslinking, viscosity, or temperature—can alter their mechanical behavior, impacting cellular function and biochemical reactions. Polymeric condensates are also
Mechanochemistry
Chemical compound
outside of those temperatures. Regardless of the manner of banding, PEA polymer chains pack into a monoclinic crystal structure (some polymers may pack into
Poly(ethylene_adipate)
British pharmaceutical scientist
Systems (edited by V.V. Khutoryanskiy), John Wiley & Sons, 2014 Temperature-responsive Polymers: Chemistry, Properties, and Applications (edited by V.V. Khutoryanskiy
Vitaliy_Khutoryanskiy
Subfield of condensed matter physics
of condensed matter physics. Soft materials include liquids, colloids, polymers, foams, gels, granular materials, liquid crystals, flesh, and a number
Soft_matter
Mechanism that delivers a drug with a delay after its administration
achieved through a variety of formulations, including liposomes and drug-polymer conjugates (an example being hydrogels). Sustained release's definition
Modified-release_dosage
extracellular environment. Temperature can also be used as a trigger to control the drug release from pullulan systems. Thermal responsive pullulan systems can
Pullulan_bioconjugate
Supramolecular structures held together other than by covalent bonds
3-triazole). Crown ethers can also be threaded with slender linear molecules or polymers, creating supramolecular structures called rotaxanes. Given that the crown
Host–guest_chemistry
American materials scientist
chemically active polymeric materials. These smart inorganic polymers belong to the class of smart materials, exhibiting stimuli-responsive functions. A specific
Nancy_Sottos
Ionov, L. (2013). "3D microfabrication using stimuli-responsive self-folding polymer films". Polymer Reviews. 53 (1): 92–107. doi:10.1080/15583724.2012
3D_microfabrication
Reversible chemical transformation by absorption of electromagnetic radiation
(2023-11-27). "Visible light-responsive materials: the (photo)chemistry and applications of donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts in polymer science". Chemical Society
Photochromism
Group of fatty molecules suspended in liquid by soaps and/or detergents
Solution. Wiley. Kocak G, Tuncer CA, Bütün VJ (2016-12-20). "pH-Responsive polymers". Polym. Chem. 8 (1): 144–176. doi:10.1039/c6py01872f. ISSN 1759-9962
Micelle
solvent, and its temperature. Repulsive steric forces are based on entropy and are caused by the reduced configuration entropy of the polymer chains. It is
Polyelectrolyte_adsorption
of the environment like temperature and pH. The responsiveness of hydrogels is a result of their molecular structure and polymer networks. Hydrogel nanoparticles
Nanocomposite_hydrogels
Radiation scattering technique
"Synthesis and solution properties of a temperature-responsive PNIPAM–b-PDMS–b-PNIPAM triblock copolymer". Colloid and Polymer Science. 295 (8): 1351–1358. doi:10
Small-angle_X-ray_scattering
Subfield of robotics
shape is photosensitive, thermally activated, or water responsive. Essentially, these polymers can automatically change shape upon interaction with water
Soft_robotics
substance, such as a drug. Commonly used nanocarriers include micelles, polymers, carbon-based materials, liposomes and other substances. Nanocarriers are
Nanocarrier
Class of chemical substance
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of coordination polymers consisting of metal clusters, also known as secondary building units (SBUs), coordinated
Metal–organic_framework
Protein from molluscs
temperature to lower temperatures (incubated on ice). Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) was used to further investigate the temperature responsiveness of
Abductin
Subclass of liquid crystal
variety of anisotropic molecules, including chiral small molecules and polymers. ChLCs can be also formed by introducing a chiral dopant at low concentrations
Cholesteric_liquid_crystal
Synthetic ultralight solid material
Silica aerogels feel like fragile styrofoam to the touch, while some polymer-based aerogels feel like rigid foams. Aerogels are produced by extracting
Aerogel
Hydrogel made into a fibrous state
mechanical force or the temperature. When energy exerted to the network is high enough, physical crosslinking point will break and the polymer will be at liquid
Hydrogel_fiber
Subdiscipline of chemistry, focusing on carbon compounds
reactions includes the chemical synthesis of natural products, drugs, and polymers, and study of individual organic molecules in the laboratory and via theoretical
Organic_chemistry
Ordered array of colloidal particles
Michael; Mugo, Samuel (2017-10-25). "Stimuli Responsive Polymer-Based 3D Optical Crystals for Sensing". Polymers. 9 (11): 436. doi:10.3390/polym9110436. ISSN 2073-4360
Colloidal_crystal
Incandescent lamp variety
clarity of the envelope. This allows the filament to operate at a higher temperature than a standard incandescent lamp of similar power and operating life;
Halogen_lamp
Material that responds to stimuli
drastic changes in their physical and chemical properties. Such stimuli-responsive MOFs are generally referred to as a flexible metal-organic frameworks
Flexible metal-organic framework
Flexible_metal-organic_framework
American engineer and chemist
applied dispersion technology, small particle science, and stimuli-responsive polymers based on ionic liquids, his international conference organization
John_Texter
Alloy which returns to a preset shape when heated
more efficient than temperature-induced responses. Metal alloys are not the only thermally-responsive materials; shape-memory polymers have also been developed
Shape-memory_alloy
Material with a continuous, unbroken crystal lattice
extremely difficult to grow single crystals of the polymers. It is mainly because that the polymer chains are of different length and due to the various
Single_crystal
Nanoparticle used for drug delivery
and stimuli-responsive properties of chitosan/poly(acrylic acid) hollow nanospheres". Polymer. 46 (26): 12703–12710. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.110
Chitosan_nanoparticles
Polymeric drug carrier
Dextran drug delivery systems involve the use of the natural glucose polymer dextran in applications as a prodrug, nanoparticle, microsphere, micelle
Dextran_drug_delivery_systems
Particle with size less than 100 nm
Deirram N, Zhang C, Kermaniyan SS, Johnston AP, Such GK (May 2019). "pH-Responsive Polymer Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery". Macromolecular Rapid Communications
Nanoparticle
materials and mechanical design is an emerging research area to explore responsive mechanical metamaterials. Recent studies explore new classes of mechanical
Mechanical_metamaterial
Hexagonal lattice made of carbon atoms
reported for a variety of applications such conductive polymer-graphene foams, conductive polymer-graphene microspheres, conductive thin films and conductive
Graphene
Species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis
Bacillota. Its ability to grow at temperatures as low as 0 °C permits multiplication at typical refrigeration temperatures, greatly increasing its ability
Listeria_monocytogenes
Controlled, mechanical drug delivery
falls in the category of stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems which include pH, temperature, and redox-responsive systems. Mechanical forces occur
Stretch-triggered drug delivery
Stretch-triggered_drug_delivery
State of steady internal conditions maintained by living things
conditions despite changes in their internal or external environment. Body temperature, blood glucose, blood pressure, fluid balance, levels of oxygen and carbon
Homeostasis
Method of nerve regeneration
biologically active group onto the polymer backbone in order to enhance cell adhesion. Another thermo-responsive gel is one that is formed by combining
Nerve_guidance_conduit
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TEMPERATURE RESPONSIVE-POLYMER
TEMPERATURE RESPONSIVE-POLYMER
Boy/Male
Muslim
The responsive
Boy/Male
Muslim
Responsive
Boy/Male
Hindu
Responsible
Boy/Male
Tamil
Spandhana | ஸà¯à®ªà®¨à¯à®¤à®¾à®¨à®¾Â
Motivation, Responsible
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Girl/Female
Indian
Responsible
Girl/Female
Christian, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian
Responsible
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Responsive
Boy/Male
Muslim
The responsive, The answerer
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Servant of the Responsive
Boy/Male
Indian
The responsive, The answerer
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Responsive
Boy/Male
Indian
Responsive
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Responsible
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Servant of the Responsive
Boy/Male
Muslim
Responsive
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Responsible
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Responsible
Boy/Male
Indian
The responsive
Girl/Female
Tamil
Spandana | ஸà¯à®ªà®‚தநாÂ
Motivation, Responsible
Spandana | ஸà¯à®ªà®‚தநாÂ
Boy/Male
Tamil
Responsible
TEMPERATURE RESPONSIVE-POLYMER
TEMPERATURE RESPONSIVE-POLYMER
TEMPERATURE RESPONSIVE-POLYMER
TEMPERATURE RESPONSIVE-POLYMER
TEMPERATURE RESPONSIVE-POLYMER
TEMPERATURE RESPONSIVE-POLYMER
TEMPERATURE RESPONSIVE-POLYMER
v. t.
To render temperate; to moderate; to soften; to temper.
n.
Condition with respect to heat or cold, especially as indicated by the sensation produced, or by the thermometer or pyrometer; degree of heat or cold; as, the temperature of the air; high temperature; low temperature; temperature of freezing or of boiling.
n.
Response.
v. t.
Not marked with passion; not violent; cool; calm; as, temperate language.
n.
Freedom from passion; moderation.
a.
Alternately responsive, as verses.
a.
Suited to something else; correspondent.
a.
Involving responsibility; involving a degree of accountability on the part of the person concerned; as, a responsible office.
n.
Mixture; compound.
a.
Willing to yield or submit; responsive; tractable.
v. t.
Moderate in the indulgence of the natural appetites or passions; as, temperate in eating and drinking.
a.
Responsible.
v. t.
Moderate; not excessive; as, temperate heat; a temperate climate.
a.
Able to respond or answer for one's conduct and obligations; trustworthy, financially or otherwise; as, to have a responsible man for surety.
a.
That responds; ready or inclined to respond.
n.
Constitution; state; degree of any quality.
a.
Liable to respond; likely to be called upon to answer; accountable; answerable; amenable; as, a guardian is responsible to the court for his conduct in the office.
a.
Sensitive or responsive to moral excellence.
a.
Relating to equality of temperature.
a.
Not responsive; not able, ready, or inclined to respond.
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