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Type of polymer used in medicine
Thiolated polymers – designated thiomers – are functional polymers used in biotechnology product development with the intention to prolong mucosal drug
Thiomer
Polymer of glucose and structural component of cell wall of plants and green algae
enhancing properties can be introduced. Thiolated cellulose derivatives (see thiomers) exhibit also high binding properties for metal ions. Cellulose for industrial
Cellulose
Polysaccharide gum used as a food additive and thickener
three-dimensional tissue formation. Furthermore, thiolated xanthan gum (see thiomers) has shown potential for drug delivery, since by the covalent attachment
Xanthan_gum
Structural fibrous protein
polymers (thiomers) can form disulfide bridges with cysteine substructures of keratins getting covalently attached to these proteins. Thiomers therefore
Keratin
Polysaccharide found in brown algae
improves in-situ gelling and mucoadhesive properties; the thiolated polymer (thiomer) forms disulfide bonds within its polymeric network and with cysteine-rich
Alginic_acid
Long carbohydrate polymers such as starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin
can be introduced. Another example is thiolated polysaccharides. (See thiomers.) Thiol groups are covalently attached to polysaccharides such as hyaluronic
Polysaccharide
Structural carbohydrate in the cell walls of land plants and some algae
Thiolated pectin exhibits substantially improved gelling properties since this thiomer is able to crosslink via disulfide bond formation. These high gelling properties
Pectin
Biomedical engineering discipline
crosslink via disulfide bond formation. The use of thiolated polymers (thiomers) as scaffold material for tissue engineering was initially introduced at
Tissue_engineering
Physiological molecule and therapeutic drug
molecules into a host. Hyaluronan can be crosslinked by attaching thiols (see thiomers) (trade names: Extracel, HyStem), hexadecylamides (trade name: Hymovis)
Hyaluronic_acid
Soft water-rich polymer gel
contain reversible covalent cross-linking bonds, such as hydrogels of thiomers being cross-linked via disulfide bonds, are non-toxic and are used in numerous
Hydrogel
Particle with size less than 100 nm
of thiol groups on the surface of nanoparticles or by coating them with thiomers high (muco)adhesive and cellular uptake enhancing properties can be introduced
Nanoparticle
Austrian university teacher (born 1965)
of several technologies, including thiolated polymers, which he named thiomers in 2000, and phosphatase-triggered charge-converting nanoparticles designed
Andreas_Bernkop-Schnürch
Chemical compound
Sündermann N, Prüfert F, Suchaoin W, et al. (December 2016). "Preactivated thiomers for intranasal delivery of apomorphine: In vitro and in vivo evaluation"
Apomorphine
Highly viscous liquid exhibiting a kind of semi-solid behavior
polymers) (physical gels) or chemical bonds such as disulfide bonds (see thiomers) (chemical gels), as well as crystallites or other junctions that remain
Gel
Medical condition of dry eyes
their ocular residence time can be even improved, as thiolated polymers (thiomers) form disulfide bonds with cysteine-rich subdomains of mucus glycoproteins
Dry_eye_syndrome
Polysaccharide from crustacean shells
Dai, W.; He, B.; Zhang, Q. The function and mechanism of preactivated thiomers in triggering epithelial tight junctions opening. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm
Chitosan
Natural polymeric materials that act as adhesives
Furthermore, thiolation of proteins and carbohydrates enables these polymers (thiomers) to covalently adhere especially to cysteine-rich subdomains of proteins
Bioadhesive
disulfide bonds are likely most important. Thiolated polymers – designated thiomers – are mucoadhesive polymers that can form disulfide bonds with cysteine-rich
Mucoadhesion
Cyclic oligosaccharide with 6 to 8 glucose units
mucoadhesive properties can be introduced as these thiolated oligomers (thiomers) are capable of forming disulfide bonds with cysteine-rich subdomains of
Cyclodextrin
Polymer produced by a living organism
cells to grow into the dressing. Furthermore, thiolated chitosans (see thiomers) are used for tissue engineering and wound healing, as these biopolymers
Biopolymer
Administration of a drug through the eyes
mucoadhesive and in situ gelling polymers and thiolated cyclodextrins (see thiomers). Besides the logistical problems associated with using topicals, there
Ophthalmic drug administration
Ophthalmic_drug_administration
Drug delivery to the bladder
Studies have also found that the modification of chitosan formulations with thiomers, which can form covalent bonds with mucus, can significantly improve the
Intravesical_drug_delivery
Polymer-based, crosslinked hydrogel particle
to induce their self-assembly into nanogels. When thiolated polymers (thiomers) are used for this preparation process, nanogels can be further stabilized
Nanogel
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