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Long carbohydrate polymers such as starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin
Polysaccharides (/ˌpɒl.i.ˈsæk.ə.raɪd/; from Ancient Greek πολύς (polús) 'many, much' and σάκχαρ (sákkhar) 'sugar') are "compounds consisting of a large
Polysaccharide
Protein-bound polysaccharide
Polysaccharide-K (Krestin, PSK) is a protein-bound polysaccharide isolated from the mycelium of Trametes versicolor. Although PSK is approved in Japan
Polysaccharide-K
Pneumonia vaccine
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, sold under the brand name Pneumovax 23, is a pneumococcal vaccine that is used for the prevention of pneumococcal
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
Pneumococcal_polysaccharide_vaccine
Organic compound that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
A carbohydrate (/ˌkɑːrboʊˈhaɪdreɪt/) is a sugar (saccharide), a polysaccharide such as starch, or a derivative of these compounds. For many carbohydrates
Carbohydrate
Polysaccharide
Polysaccharide A (PSA) is a polysaccharide produced by the Gram-negative bacterium Bacteroides fragilis. B.fragilis produces eight identified distinct
Polysaccharide_A
Chemical compound
glucosyl residue. Branched levan tends to be more stable than linear polysaccharides. However, the amount of branching and length of polymerization tends
Levan_polysaccharide
Polysaccharide peptide (PSP) is a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from the edible mushroom Coriolus versicolor. PSP is currently in the animal-testing
Polysaccharide_peptide
Portion of plant-derived food that cannot be completely digested
the risks of several diseases. Dietary fiber consists of non-starch polysaccharides and other plant components, such as cellulose, resistant starch, resistant
Dietary_fiber
Species of plant
potted plant. The leaves of Aloe vera contain significant amounts of the polysaccharide gel acemannan, which may be used for topical purposes. The leaves also
Aloe_vera
Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine
unconjugated polysaccharide vaccine, called PRP. This vaccine was first marketed in the United States in 1985. Similar to other unconjugated polysaccharide vaccines
Hib_vaccine
Polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope in many bacteria
bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria. It is a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope, and is thus deemed part of
Bacterial_capsule
Polysaccharide gum used as a food additive and thickener
Xanthan gum (/ˈzænθən/) is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive. It is an effective thickening agent and stabilizer
Xanthan_gum
Vaccine for the prevention of typhoid
The Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (or ViCPS) is a typhoid vaccine recommended by the World Health Organization for the prevention of typhoid (another
Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine
Vi_capsular_polysaccharide_vaccine
Vaccine to prevent infection by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae
There are two types of pneumococcal vaccines: conjugate vaccines and polysaccharide vaccines. They are given by injection either into a muscle or just under
Pneumococcal_vaccine
Polysaccharide made of a single type of sugar
Homopolysaccharides are polysaccharides composed of a single type of sugar monomer. For example, cellulose is an unbranched homopolysaccharide made up
Homopolysaccharide
Genetic disorder in Quarter Horses and draft horses
Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy (EPSM, PSSM, EPSSM) is a hereditary glycogen storage disease of horses that causes exertional rhabdomyolysis. It
Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy
Equine_polysaccharide_storage_myopathy
Class of molecules found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
Lipopolysaccharides are large molecules consisting of three parts: an outer core polysaccharide termed the O-antigen, an inner core oligosaccharide and lipid A (from
Lipopolysaccharide
Sulfated polysaccharides are biopolymers found throughout life. These polysaccharides have sulfate groups attached to the sugar subunits. Brown seaweed
Sulfated_polysaccharide
Protein family
The extracellular polysaccharide colanic acid is produced by species of the family Enterobacteriaceae. In Escherichia coli strain K12 the colanic acid
Outer membrane polysaccharide transporter
Outer_membrane_polysaccharide_transporter
Species of mushroom
T. versicolor is most commonly referred to as turkey tail. Although polysaccharide-K, an extract of T. versicolor, is approved in Japan as an adjuvant
Trametes_versicolor
Synthetic methods and Applications of Polysaccharide–protein Conjugate
Polysaccharide–protein conjugates may have better solubility and stability, reduced immunogenicity, prolonged circulation time, and enhanced targeting
Polysaccharide–protein conjugate
Polysaccharide–protein_conjugate
Outermost layer of some cells
and the cell cycle. In land plants, the primary cell wall comprises polysaccharides like cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectin. Often, other polymers such
Cell_wall
Plant cell wall polysaccharide
(/ˈzaɪlæn/; /ˈzaɪlən/) (CAS number: 9014-63-5) is a type of hemicellulose, a polysaccharide consisting mainly of xylose residues. It is found in plants, in the
Xylan
wine pressing. The technique allows for a better extraction of wine polysaccharides. Gluconic acid – an acid sugar found in wine J. Robinson (ed) The Oxford
Sugars_in_wine
Gluey polymers secreted by microorganisms to form biofilms
multifunctional polysaccharides including intracellular polysaccharides, structural polysaccharides and extracellular polysaccharides or exopolysaccharides
Extracellular polymeric substance
Extracellular_polymeric_substance
Species of fungus
many years, particularly for the possible biological effects of its polysaccharides, there are no completed, high-quality Phase III clinical studies for
Grifola_frondosa
Class of polysaccharides
pharmacologically related to heparin. They include oligosaccharides and sulfated polysaccharides of plant, animal, or synthetic origin. Multiple scientific studies
Heparinoid
Polysaccharide found in brown algae
Alginic acid, also called algin, is a naturally occurring, edible polysaccharide found in brown algae. It is hydrophilic and forms a viscous gum when hydrated
Alginic_acid
Type of vaccine
response to the weak antigen. Most commonly, the weak antigen is a polysaccharide that is attached to strong protein antigen. However, peptide/protein
Conjugate_vaccine
Sap or other resinous plant material
is polysaccharide-based and is most frequently associated with woody plants, particularly under the bark or as a seed coating. The polysaccharide material
Gum_(botany)
Order of bacteria
the polysaccharide production in gram-negative bacteria like the model Myxococcus xanthus which have four different mechanisms of polysaccharide secretion
Myxobacteria
Academic journal
Polysaccharides is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal focusing on research related to polysaccharides and applications in fields such as medicine
Polysaccharides_(journal)
Vaccines that prevent typhoid fever
conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine). Depending on the type
Typhoid_vaccine
Species of fungus
mice. Other polysaccharides have been isolated which exhibit antioxidant effects. An overview of the literature on P. adiposa polysaccharides has suggested
Pholiota_adiposa
Molecule triggering an immune response
response. Antigens can be proteins, peptides (amino acid chains), polysaccharides (chains of simple sugars), lipids, or nucleic acids. Antigens exist
Antigen
Fermented drink
traditional fermented drink made with water and kefir grains held in a polysaccharide biofilm matrix created by the bacteria. It is sometimes consumed as
Water_kefir
Polysaccharide used as a food additive
Cassia obtusifolia or Cassia tora). It is composed of at least 75% polysaccharide, primarily galactomannan with a mannose:galactose ratio of 5:1, resulting
Cassia_gum
Vegetable gum from the guar bean, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
Guar gum, also called guaran, is a galactomannan polysaccharide extracted from guar beans that has thickening and stabilizing properties useful in food
Guar_gum
Enzyme
In enzymology, a capsular-polysaccharide-transporting ATPase (EC 7.6.2.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + H2O + capsular polysaccharidein
Capsular-polysaccharide-transporting ATPase
Capsular-polysaccharide-transporting_ATPase
Vaccines used to prevent infection by Neisseria meningitidis
serogroups, classified according to the antigenic structure of their polysaccharide capsule.[medical citation needed] Six serogroups, A, B, C, Y, W-135
Meningococcal_vaccine
Bipolymer
Bhamidi S (2009). "Mycobacterial Cell Wall Arabinogalactan". Bacterial Polysaccharides: Current Innovations and Future Trends. Caister Academic Press.
Arabinogalactan
Polymer produced by a living organism
structure of the biopolymer formed: polynucleotides, polypeptides, and polysaccharides. The polynucleotides, RNA and DNA, are long polymers of nucleotides
Biopolymer
Enzyme
belongs to the polysaccharide lyase family, a type of enzyme that primarily functions to cleave glycosidic linkages in polysaccharides. Enzymes are categorized
Ulvan_lyase
Enzyme
In enzymology, a polysaccharide O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1
Polysaccharide O-methyltransferase
Polysaccharide_O-methyltransferase
Chemical compound
Amylose is a polysaccharide made of α-D-glucose units, bonded to each other through α(1→4) glycosidic bonds. Together with amylopectin, it is one of the
Amylose
Species of bacterium
nonencapsulated strain in a mouse abscess model. The capsule is a capsular polysaccharide and when present down regulates cytokine production especially proinflammatory
Porphyromonas_gingivalis
Enzymes that catalyze cellulolysis
catalyze cellulolysis, the decomposition of cellulose and of some related polysaccharides: Endohydrolysis of (1→4)-β-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin
Cellulase
In genetics and biochemistry, determining the structure of an unbranched biopolymer
carrying this gene. Though polysaccharides are also biopolymers, it is not so common to talk of 'sequencing' a polysaccharide, for several reasons. Although
Sequencing
Long-chain polymer of a N-acetylglucosamine
an amide derivative of glucose. Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature (behind only cellulose); an estimated 1 billion tons of chitin
Chitin
Sugar acid
acid, a polysaccharide found predominantly in brown algae. Mannuronic acid is also incorporated into some bacterial capsular polysaccharides. Oxford Dictionary
Mannuronic_acid
Increases the viscosity of a liquid without altering its other properties
alginate (E404) - polysaccharides from brown algae Agar (E406, a polysaccharide obtained from red algae) Carrageenan (E407, a polysaccharide obtained from
Thickening_agent
Experiment demonstrating transfer of genetic information
(rough) strain which was nonvirulent. The III-S strain synthesized a polysaccharide capsule that protected itself from the host's immune system, resulting
Griffith's_experiment
Study of microscopic organisms (microbes)
make aminoglycoside antibiotics. A variety of biopolymers, such as polysaccharides, polyesters, and polyamides, are produced by microorganisms. Microorganisms
Microbiology
Byproduct of peach trees
translucent crystalline pieces. The substance is primarily composed of polysaccharides, including galactose, rhamnose, and α-glucuronic acid. It also contains
Peach_gum
Capsular-polysaccharide endo-1,3-α-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.87, polysaccharide depolymerase, capsular polysaccharide galactohydrolase) is an enzyme with
Capsular-polysaccharide endo-1,3-α-galactosidase
Capsular-polysaccharide_endo-1,3-α-galactosidase
Structural support for biological cells
in the intercellular spaces between various animal cells. Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression
Extracellular_matrix
[glucans] polysaccharides via hydrolysis. The products of the hydrolysis reaction are smaller glucans, a linear or branched polysaccharide made of up
Glucanase
Species of bacterium
streptococci. GBS are surrounded by a bacterial capsule composed of polysaccharides (exopolysaccharide). The species is subclassified into ten serotypes
Streptococcus_agalactiae
Glucose polymer used as energy store in plants
consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants for energy storage. Worldwide, it is
Starch
Pharmaceutical compound
typhoid. It is a combination of inactivated Hepatitis A virus and Vi polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi bacteria. Branded formulations include Hepatyrix
Hepatitis A and typhoid vaccine
Hepatitis_A_and_typhoid_vaccine
Enzyme that hydrolyses alpha-1,4-D-glucosidic bonds in polysaccharides
following reaction: Hydrolysis of (1→4)-α-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive maltose units from the non-reducing ends
Β-Amylase
Species of plant
(ground apple). The tuber is composed mostly of water and various polysaccharides. Yacón is a perennial herb that grows up to 2.5 metres (8 feet) tall
Yacón
Sauce used as a condiment
the polysaccharide moves more slowly within the matrix, which is unfavorable with respect to entropy. The increased order within the polysaccharide-water
Ketchup
Species of seaweed
main use of mozuku is as food, and as a source of one type of sulfated polysaccharide called Fucoidan, which has been studied as a cancer treatment in rats
Cladosiphon_okamuranus
considered oligosaccharides. Polymers of more than ten sugars are called polysaccharides. Sugars are further grouped into either aldoses or ketoses, as well
List_of_sugars
Complex polysaccharide component
Rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) is a complex polysaccharide component of pectin that is found in the primary cell walls of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous
Rhamnogalacturonan-II
Polysaccharides formed from mannose
containing the sugar mannose as a principal component. They are a type of polysaccharide found in hemicellulose, a major source of biomass found in higher plants
Mannans
Biochemical molecule
Ficoll is a neutral, highly branched, high-mass, hydrophilic polysaccharide synthesized from repeating sucrose units, which dissolves readily in aqueous
Ficoll
Topics referred to by the same term
monosaccharides disaccharides trisaccharides tetrasaccharide oligosaccharides polysaccharides This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Saccharide
Saccharide
British botanist (1899-1987)
appointed as a professor at Imperial College London. Her studies of polysaccharide metabolism in tobacco plants were groundbreaking; she was one of the
Helen_Porter
Thickening agent used in microbiology and food
or /ˈɑːɡər/), or agar-agar, is a jelly-like substance consisting of polysaccharides obtained from the cell walls of some species of red algae (phylum Rhodophyta)
Agar
Vaccine against Strep pneumoniae
pneumoniae (the so-called "pneumococcus"). It contains purified capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcal serotypes conjugated to a carrier protein (CRM197) so
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccine
Enzyme that hydrolyses α bonds of large α-linked polysaccharides
4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase) that hydrolyses α bonds of large, α-linked polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, yielding shorter chains thereof, dextrins
Α-Amylase
Family of fungi
digestive tracts of animals which are fed on high fibre diets. The polysaccharide degrading enzymes produced by anaerobic fungi can hydrolyse the most
Neocallimastigomycota
More digestible form of pectin
a chemical extraction process. In general, pectin is a gel-forming polysaccharide from plant cell walls, especially apple and citrus fruits. Pectin is
Modified_citrus_pectin
Class of enzymes
in the pancreas, salivary glands and small intestine, breaking down polysaccharides. This is because complex sugars are often insoluble (such as starch)
Carbohydrase
Australian biochemist
primary research interest was in the chemistry and biochemistry of plant polysaccharides, particularly in cereals and grasses. His work had applications in
Bruce_A._Stone
Natural linear sulfated polysaccharide
Irish carraigín 'sea moss') are a variety of natural linear sulfated polysaccharides. They are extracted from red edible seaweeds, of the family Solieriaceae
Carrageenan
Protective outer structure of bacterial cells
may have an enclosing capsule of polysaccharides for extra protection. As a group these are known as polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria. As in other
Cell_envelope
Medical condition
meningitidis, which differ based on their polysaccharide capsule. The first vaccines were polysaccharide vaccines, and faced several limitations including
Meningococcal_disease
Cellulose ether used as emulsifier or thickening agent to disperse colloids in water
Hypromellose (INN), short for hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), is a semisynthetic, inert, viscoelastic polymer used
Hypromellose
Species of edible alga
purplish-brown. The principal constituent is a mucilaginous body, made of the polysaccharide carrageenan, which constitutes 55% of its dry weight. The organism also
Chondrus_crispus
Edible mushroom
spore production. H. erinaceus contains diverse chemicals, including polysaccharides, such as β-glucan, as well as hericenones and erinacines. From its
Hericium_erinaceus
Viscous material marketed as a toy by Mattel since 1976
furnishings. The main components are the polysaccharide guar gum, and sodium tetraborate. As an alternative to the polysaccharide, other alcohol-group containing
Slime_(toy)
Substance which liberates gas and thereby increases the volume of a dough or batter
form a matrix (often supported further by proteins like gluten or polysaccharides, such as pentosans or xanthan gum). The starch then gelatinizes and
Leavening_agent
Family of single-celled organisms
in paramylon polysaccharide granules (with a crystalline microfibrillar structure), unlike the chrysolaminarin used as the polysaccharide storage form
Pavlovaceae
Pharmaceutical compound
toxin, currently used in certain vaccines as a carrier protein for polysaccharides and haptens to make them immunogenic. There is some dispute about the
CRM197
Histological staining method
Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) is a staining method used to detect polysaccharides (such as glycogen) and mucosubstances (such as glycoproteins, glycolipids
Periodic_acid–Schiff_stain
Simple sugars such as glucose and fructose
blocks of disaccharides (such as sucrose, lactose and maltose) and polysaccharides (such as cellulose and starch). The table sugar used in everyday vernacular
Monosaccharide
Class of organic compounds
A glucan is a polysaccharide derived from D-glucose, linked by glycosidic bonds. Glucans are noted in two forms: alpha glucans and beta glucans. Many beta-glucans
Glucan
Flour made from orchid tubers
Orchis mascula and Orchis militaris). These tubers contain a starchy polysaccharide called glucomannan, giving emulsifying and thickening properties to
Salep
Vegetable gum from the carob bean Ceratonia siliqua
powder. It consists chiefly of high-molecular-weight hydrocolloidal polysaccharides, composed of galactose and mannose units combined through glycosidic
Locust_bean_gum
Complex sugar
and may be further polymerized by glycosyltransferases to create polysaccharides of repeating disaccharide units, such as glycosaminoglycans or amylose
Disaccharide
Thickening agent
Natural gums are polysaccharides of natural origin, capable of causing a large increase in a solution's viscosity, even at small concentrations. They
Natural_gum
Organic compound
mouthwashes, perfumes and deodorants, and wet specimen preservatives. Polysaccharides precipitate from aqueous solution in the presence of alcohol, and ethanol
Ethanol
Root mucilage is made of plant-specific polysaccharides or long chains of sugar molecules. This polysaccharide secretion of root exudate forms a gelatinous
Root_mucilage
Genus of cyanobacteria
composed of filaments of moniliform cells in a gelatinous sheath of polysaccharides. Owing to its appearance, it is commonly known as star jelly, troll's
Nostoc
Devising names for a class of carbohydrates
Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are an important class of polymeric carbohydrates found in virtually all living entities. Their structural features
Oligosaccharide_nomenclature
Milk-sugar digesting enzyme
component of plasma membrane apical plasma membrane Biological process polysaccharide digestion metabolism glycosyl compound metabolic process carbohydrate
Lactase
Set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units
anabolic reactions. Catabolism breaks down large molecules (such as polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins) into smaller units (such as monosaccharides
Catabolism
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