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Transistor that uses both electrons and holes as charge carriers
junction transistor (BJT) is a type of transistor that uses both electrons and electron holes as charge carriers. In contrast, a unipolar transistor, such
Bipolar_junction_transistor
Simulation of physical processes taking place in an electronic device
employing transistors, it is necessary to scientifically model the physical phenomena observed in their operation using transistor models. There exists
Transistor_model
Solid-state electrically operated switch also used as an amplifier
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electrical signals and power. It is one of the basic building blocks of modern electronics
Transistor
Portable radio receiver
A transistor radio is a small portable radio receiver that uses transistor-based circuitry. Previous portable radios used vacuum tubes, which were bulky
Transistor_radio
Bipolar junction transistor operated in the avalanche breakdown region
first models of such kind of transistor when used in earlier computer digital circuits. Therefore, the very first applications of avalanche transistors were
Avalanche_transistor
Four-terminal thyristor semiconductor device
turning it off. The SCS has connections to both transistor bases in the equivalent two-transistor model, allowing either gate terminal to initiate switching
Silicon-controlled_switch
Model of the bipolar junction transistor
The Gummel–Poon model is a model of the bipolar junction transistor. It was first described in an article published by Hermann Gummel and H. C. Poon at
Gummel–Poon_model
Type of field-effect transistor
metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, MOS FET, or MOS transistor) is a type of field-effect transistor (FET), most commonly fabricated
MOSFET
Model of electronic circuits involving transistors
circuit model used for analyzing the small signal behavior of bipolar junction and field effect transistors. Sometimes it is also called Giacoletto model because
Hybrid-pi_model
Type of solid state switch
An insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is a three-terminal power semiconductor device primarily forming an electronic switch. It was developed to
Insulated-gate bipolar transistor
Insulated-gate_bipolar_transistor
MOS field-effect transistor with more than one gate
field-effect transistor (MuGFET) refers to a metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) that has more than one gate on a single transistor. The
Multigate_device
Non-Quasi Static model (NQS) is a transistor model used in analogue/mixed signal IC design. It becomes necessary to use an NQS model when the operational
Non-Quasi_Static_model
Family of MOSFET transistor models for integrated circuit design
BSIM (Berkeley short-channel IGFET model) refers to a family of MOSFET transistor models for integrated circuit design. It also refers to the BSIM group
BSIM
Type of MOSFET where the gate is electrically isolated
as a floating-gate MOS transistor or floating-gate transistor, is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) where the gate
Floating-gate_MOSFET
Mathematical model
The EKV Mosfet model is a mathematical model of metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET) which is intended for circuit simulation and
EKV_MOSFET_model
Device for analogue recording of sound
In 1955, Philco developed and produced the world's first all-transistor phonograph models TPA-1 and TPA-2, which were announced in the June 28, 1955, edition
Phonograph
Defunct American electronics and appliance company (1892–1961)
the all-transistor portable 45 rpm phonograph models, for transistors were too expensive compared to vacuum tubes. The Philco Transac models S-1000 scientific
Philco
Type of transistor
The field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor that uses an electric field to control the current through a semiconductor. It comes in two types:
Field-effect_transistor
Electronics circuit simulator software
diodes, varistors, LEDs, JFETs, MOSFETs and so on). Qucs supports transistor models, some need to be added by hand. Some have been tested, these include
Quite Universal Circuit Simulator
Quite_Universal_Circuit_Simulator
Effect in MOSFETs
the transistor prematurely. The origin of the threshold decrease can be understood as a consequence of charge neutrality: the Yau charge-sharing model. The
Drain-induced barrier lowering
Drain-induced_barrier_lowering
Computer built using discrete transistors
A transistor computer, now often called a second-generation computer, is a computer which uses discrete transistors instead of vacuum tubes. The first
Transistor_computer
Chinese-American electronics engineer (born 1932)
1966-Pao-Sah journal articles on MOS transistor models, in order to help further in the development of compact models for computer aided design of nanometer
Chih-Tang_Sah
Type of non-planar transistor
A fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) is a multigate device, a MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) built on a substrate where the
Fin_field-effect_transistor
A transistor is a semiconductor device with at least three terminals for connection to an electric circuit. In the common case, the third terminal controls
History_of_the_transistor
advances (see Moore's law) and earlier models become inaccurate. Before this group was formed, new transistor models were largely proprietary, which severely
Compact_Model_Coalition
Modeling semiconductor behavior
devices. It may also include the creation of compact models (such as the well known SPICE transistor models), which try to capture the electrical behavior of
Semiconductor_device_modeling
Electrical effect present in MOSFET circuits
In MOSFETs, reverse short-channel effect (RSCE) is an increase of threshold voltage with decreasing channel length; this is the opposite of the usual short-channel
Reverse_short-channel_effect
Effect in field-effect transistors
second-order effect present in field-effect transistors (MOSFET) that describes the change in transistor's threshold voltage ( V t h {\displaystyle V_{th}}
Body_effect
Feature of a MOSFET's current–voltage characteristic
performance and low-power CMOS technology featuring fully-depleted tri-gate transistors, self-aligned contacts and high density MIM capacitors". 2012 Symposium
Subthreshold_slope
Electronic device
A single-electron transistor (SET) is a sensitive electronic device based on the Coulomb blockade effect. In this device the electrons flow through a tunnel
Single-electron_transistor
Undesirable effects in MOSFETs when the channel length is short
2007). "Lecture 31: The "Short" Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (cont.)". MIT OpenCourseWare. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. slides
Short-channel_effect
American test and measurement devices company
the model 321. This oscilloscope could run on AC line (power mains) or on rechargeable batteries. It also brought the oscilloscope into the transistor age
Tektronix
on ITRS organization web site. Transistor models SPICE Skotnicki, T.; Merckel, G.; Denat, C. (1993). "MASTAR - A Model for Analog Simulation of Subthreshold
MASTAR_MOSFET_Model
Property of a field-effect transistor
threshold voltage, commonly abbreviated as Vth or VGS(th), of a field-effect transistor (FET) is the minimum gate-to-source voltage (VGS) that is needed to create
Threshold_voltage
Electronic circuit analysis method
small-signal model. Small-signal models exist for electron tubes, diodes, field-effect transistors (FET) and bipolar transistors, notably the hybrid-pi model and
Small-signal_model
Chinese-American electronic engineer
technologies, the first industry-standard model for circuit design, and the first 3-dimensional transistors, which radically advanced semiconductor technology
Chenming_Hu
First successful type of transistor, developed in 1947
The point-contact transistor was the first type of transistor to be successfully demonstrated. It was developed by research scientists John Bardeen and
Point-contact_transistor
Circuit simulation software
third-party models (capacitors, diodes, inductors, resistors, transistors, ferrite beads, opto-isolators, 555 timer, and more), as well as macro models for Analog
LTspice
Open source analog electronic circuit simulator
simulators Input/output Buffer Information Specification (IBIS) SPICE OPUS Transistor model Nagel, Laurence W.; Pederson, D. O (April 1973). SPICE (Simulation
SPICE
Transistor current
current is the current between the source and drain of a MOSFET when the transistor is in subthreshold region, or weak-inversion region, that is, for gate-to-source
Subthreshold_conduction
Electronic circuit formed on a small, flat piece of semiconductor material
electronic circuits formed from various electronic components, such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors, and their interconnections. These components
Integrated_circuit
Field-effect transistor device
A thin-film transistor (TFT) is a special type of field-effect transistor (FET) where the transistor is made by thin-film deposition. TFTs are grown on
Thin-film_transistor
Type of transistor
stand-off ratio"). The 2N2646 model is the most commonly used version of the UJT. The complementary unijunction transistor, or CUJT, is a bar of p-type
Unijunction_transistor
Nerve sensors used in brain-computer interfaces
communicate the recorded activity. In one proposed model of the neural dust sensor, the transistor model allowed for a method of separating between local
Neural_dust
Branch of electronic design automation
TCAD may also include the creation of "compact models" (such as the well known SPICE transistor models), which try to capture the electrical behavior
Technology_CAD
Number of transistors in a device
The transistor count is the number of transistors in an electronic device (typically on a single substrate or silicon die). It is the most common measure
Transistor_count
Variation in the effective width of the base in a bipolar junction transistor
the variation in the effective width of the base in a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) due to a variation in the applied base-to-collector voltage. A greater
Early_effect
small signal model ignores simultaneous variations in the gain and supply values. Diode modelling Transistor models#Large-signal nonlinear models Snowden,
Large-signal_model
First commercial transistor radio
Kogyo, had been working on plans to introduce a transistor radio to the market since 1953. The first model, released in 1955, was called TR-52, but was pulled
TR-55
Models replicating electronic behavior
also typically contain extensive model and device libraries. These models typically include IC specific transistor models such as BSIM, generic components
Electronic_circuit_simulation
Hearing aid and hearing care company
invented transistor technology – beginning with "hybrid" hearing aids that used transistors and vacuum tubes, and then releasing an all-transistor model in
Miracle-Ear
Type of transistor developed by Philco in 1953
The surface-barrier transistor is a type of transistor developed by Philco in 1953 as an improvement to the alloy-junction transistor and the earlier point-contact
Surface-barrier_transistor
American physicist (1910–1989)
and their discovery of the transistor effect." Partly as a result of Shockley's attempts to commercialize a new transistor design in the 1950s and 1960s
William_Shockley
Defunct electronics manufacturer
for product categories such as: Transistor radios - Early pocket radios like the 1958 Crown TR-666 (a 6-transistor model featuring Hitachi semiconductors)
Crown_Radio_Corporation
Canadian semiconductor technology company
circuits having as many as 1000 nodes. MOSFIT, an efficient MOS transistor modelling program addressing short channel effects was developed and subsequently
MOSAID
semiconductor devices, a native transistor (or sometimes natural transistor) is a variety of the MOS field-effect transistor that is intermediate between
Native_transistor
calibrated SPICE models for traditional technologies (bipolar, CMOS) and emerging technologies (e.g., TFT, SOI, HBT, FRAM) Provides an open model development
SmartSpice
Naturally occurring variation in transistor attributes
for nominal N+ and P+ transistors, FF for fast N+ and P+ transistors, FS for fast N+ and slow P+ transistors, etc. When modeling the parasitic wiring an
Process variation (semiconductor)
Process_variation_(semiconductor)
A transistor fault is a fault model used to describe faults for CMOS logic gates. A transistor may be stuck-short or stuck-open. In stuck-short, a transistor
Transistor_fault
Telephone pioneer John L. Moll Solid-state physics, the Ebers-Moll transistor model Robert Moog Electronic music pioneer, invented Moog synthesizer Daniel
List_of_electrical_engineers
Technology for constructing integrated circuits
/ˈsiːmɒs/ SEE-moss) is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs
CMOS
Type of field-effect transistor
An organic field-effect transistor (OFET) is a field-effect transistor using an organic semiconductor in its channel. OFETs can be prepared either by vacuum
Organic field-effect transistor
Organic_field-effect_transistor
Observation on the growth of integrated circuit capacity
Moore's law is the observation that the number of transistors in an integrated circuit (IC) doubles about every two years, with minimal increase in cost
Moore's_law
The Heterojunction-emitter bipolar transistor (HEBT), is a somewhat unusual arrangement with respect to emitter blocking of minority carriers. This is
Heterostructure-emitter bipolar transistor
Heterostructure-emitter_bipolar_transistor
Research program in Belgium
interface between the two being standard cell, or SPICE compact models (see transistor models for circuit design).[citation needed] Today, both sides (design
Technology_aware_design
scripts" (PDF). mos-ak.org. Retrieved 9 April 2023. Transistor model#Models for circuit design .28compact models.29 "Tutorial". Archived from the original on
ADMS
DC-DC voltage step-down power converter
realized by a transistor and a diode, or two transistors (which avoids the loss associated with the diode's voltage drop). The conceptual model of the buck
Buck_converter
Signal amplifier that doesn't significantly degrade the signal-noise ratio
two categories of transistor models are used in LNA design: Small-signal models use quasi-linear models of noise and large-signal models consider non-linear
Low-noise_amplifier
Electric organ
introduction of the transistor organ. This means tonewheel organs have between 3.2 and 8.4 grams of palladium, depending on make and model. The sound on a
Hammond_organ
immensely. Researchers who discovered the transistor laser developed a new model of Kirchhoff's current law to better model the behavior of simultaneous optical
Transistor_laser
Effect in field effect transistors
require computer models. Threshold voltage Short channel effect Drain-induced barrier lowering MOSFET operation Hybrid-pi model Transistor models "Distortion
Channel_length_modulation
Type of field-effect transistor
An ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) is a field-effect transistor used for measuring ion concentrations in solution; when the ion concentration
ISFET
Computer series
successful business and scientific computers. The TRANSAC (Transistor Automatic Computer) Model S-1000 was released as a scientific computer. The TRANSAC
Philco_computers
Small IBM scientific computer released in 1959
circuitry of the 1620 was a type of resistor–transistor logic (RTL) using "drift" transistors (a type of transistor invented by Herbert Kroemer in 1953) for
IBM_1620
Experimental multi-terminal electronic component
Multiple memristors can be embedded with a single transistor, enabling it to more accurately model a neuron with its multiple synaptic connections. A
Memtransistor
asymptotic gain model. The small-signal equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 4, where the transistor is replaced by its hybrid-pi model. It is most straightforward
Asymptotic_gain_model
Modeling language for analog circuits
the Automatic Device Model Synthesizer (ADMS). This feature is used for example to translate the BSIM Verilog-A transistor models, which are no longer
Verilog-A
Electronic Device automation
The properties of a specific semiconductor foundry, such as the transistor models, the physical characteristics and the design rules, are usually encoded
Comparison_of_EDA_software
Central computer component that executes instructions
in large quantities. This standardization began in the era of discrete transistor mainframes and minicomputers, and has rapidly accelerated with the popularization
Central_processing_unit
German engineer and electronic music developer
Estey Electronic Organ model S and AS-1 (1954) During his time as an executive of the Wurlitzer Organ Co.: A first transistor model of the Wurlitzer Electric
Harald_Bode
Circuit designed to copy a current through one active device
(See also Ebers-Moll model.) It is important to have Q1 in the circuit instead of a simple diode, because Q1 sets VBE for transistor Q2. If Q1 and Q2 are
Current_mirror
Overview of and topical guide to electronics
Semiconductor chip Semiconductor detector Solar cell Transistor model Thin film Tight-binding model Device Fabrication Semiconductor device fabrication
Outline_of_electronics
Type of electrical circuit
{\displaystyle \scriptstyle i_{c1}~\approx ~i_{e3}} . Transistor Q3 is represented by its low-frequency hybrid-pi model with a current controlled dependent current
Wilson_current_mirror
American electrical engineer (1921–2011)
Ohio State University in 1943 and 1952, respectively. The Ebers-Moll transistor model, and the theory of the p-n-p-n switch, came from this effort. He was
John_L._Moll
1961 all-electronic desktop calculator
with designs for electronic models. In late 1963 and 1964 competition finally arrived with the launch of all-transistor models such as the Friden EC-130
Sumlock_ANITA_calculator
Taiwanese singer (1953–1995)
radio ownership began to increase, especially of cheap and portable transistor models, listening to Teng's music rose in popularity. Author Ah Cheng recalled
Teresa_Teng
Type of electronic amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor
common-emitter amplifier is one of three basic single-stage bipolar-junction-transistor (BJT) amplifier topologies, typically used as a voltage amplifier. It
Common_emitter
Gummel Bipolar junction transistor Gummel–Poon model A. S. Zoolfakar et N. A. Shahrol, «Modelling of NPN Bipolar Junction Transistor Characteristics Using
Gummel_plot
Hearing aid
lowering the operating cost of the unit. As transistors improved, this model was replaced by all-transistor hearing aids. The Sonotone company had its
Sonotone_1010
in the design. The transistor faults. This model is used to describe faults for CMOS logic gates. At transistor level, a transistor could be stuck-short
Fault_model
Manufacturing process used to create integrated circuits
with functional feature sizes or with transistor density (number of transistors per unit area). Initially transistor gate length was smaller than that suggested
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor_device_fabrication
Discrete device in an electronic system
transistor) Composite transistors BiCMOS (bipolar CMOS) IGBT (Insulated-gate bipolar transistor) Other transistors Bipolar junction transistor (BJT
Electronic_component
only) 800 MHz system bus (all other models) 125 million transistors in 1 MB models 169 million transistors in 2 MB models Hyper-Threading support is only
List_of_Intel_processors
American electronics store chain
models with white backs were offered but never appeared in catalogs; these are extremely rare today. The original design had five transistors (model 166)
RadioShack
Type of MOSFET
field-effect transistor (QFET) or quantum-well field-effect transistor (QWFET) is a type of MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) that takes
QFET
Overview of and topical guide to semiconductors
Semiconductors form the basis of most modern electronics, including transistors, integrated circuits, solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and many other
Outline_of_semiconductors
Industrial shift to information technology
onset of the Information Age has been linked to the development of the transistor in 1947. This technological advance has had a significant impact on the
Information_Age
Solid-state semiconductor device
current makes an equivalent NPN transistor switch on, which in turn draws current from the base of an equivalent PNP transistor, turning it on also. Part of
TRIAC
Variant of a liquid-crystal display
A thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD) is a type of liquid-crystal display that uses thin-film transistor technology to improve image
TFT_LCD
Type of field-effect transistor
The junction field-effect transistor (JFET) is one of the simplest types of field-effect transistor. JFETs are three-terminal semiconductor devices that
JFET
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TRANSISTOR MODEL
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TRANSISTOR MODEL
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