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Effect in field effect transistors
Channel length modulation (CLM) is an effect in field effect transistors, a shortening of the length of the inverted channel region with increase in drain
Channel_length_modulation
Eleventh letter in the Greek alphabet
multi-dimensional calculus. In solid-state electronics, lambda indicates the channel length modulation parameter of a MOSFET. In ecology, lambda denotes the long-term
Lambda
Effect in MOSFETs
output resistance. This increase is additional to the normal channel length modulation effect on output resistance, and cannot always be modeled as a
Drain-induced barrier lowering
Drain-induced_barrier_lowering
Undesirable effects in MOSFETs when the channel length is short
and hot carrier degradation. Channel length modulation Reverse short-channel effect F. D’Agostino, D. Quercia. "Short-Channel Effects in MOSFETs" (PDF).
Short-channel_effect
Type of field-effect transistor
λ, the channel-length modulation parameter, models current dependence on drain voltage due to the Early effect, or channel length modulation. According
MOSFET
Circuit designed to copy a current through one active device
is the channel length modulation constant, and V D S {\displaystyle V_{DS}} is the drain-source voltage. Because of channel-length modulation, the mirror
Current_mirror
Model of electronic circuits involving transistors
_{v_{\text{gs}}=0}} is the output resistance due to channel length modulation, calculated using the Shichman–Hodges model as r o = 1 I D ( 1
Hybrid-pi_model
Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies
orthogonality in transmission channels affected by multipath propagation. Each subcarrier (signal) is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as quadrature
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
Process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform
a large antenna is not practical. Another purpose of modulation is to transmit multiple channels of information through a single communication medium
Signal_modulation
Digital representation of sampled analog signals
Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent analog signals. It is the standard form of digital audio in computers, compact discs
Pulse-code_modulation
Representation of a signal as a rectangular wave with varying duty cycle
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), also known as pulse-duration modulation (PDM) or pulse-length modulation (PLM), is any method of representing a signal as
Pulse-width_modulation
Property of a field-effect transistor
devices undergoing same manufacturing process. MOSFET operation Channel length modulation Multi-threshold CMOS "Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET)"
Threshold_voltage
Variation in the effective width of the base in a bipolar junction transistor
{\displaystyle \lambda } = channel-length modulation parameter, usually taken as inversely proportional to channel length L. Because of the resemblance
Early_effect
Pattern used within a communications system to represent digital data
ISBN 9781489921741. When PSK data modulation is used, the potential exists for an ambiguity in the polarity of the received channel symbols. This problem can
Line_code
Quantity in solid-state physics
threshold voltage. This approximation ignores the Early effect (channel length modulation), among other things. In practice, this technique may underestimate
Electron_mobility
Oscilloscope display of a digital data signal
spectrum modulation on a clock is technically jitter in the strict sense, receivers for these systems are designed to track the modulation. The only
Eye_pattern
Electronic amplifier circuit type
simplified hybrid-pi model (where the output resistance due to channel length modulation is not considered), the following closed-loop small-signal characteristics
Common_source
Coding technique in communication technology
Run-length limited (RLL) is a line coding technique that is used to send arbitrary data over a communications channel with bandwidth limits. RLL is used
Run-length_limited
Channel access method used by various radio communication technologies
simplest form, but can be combined with any modulation scheme like (in advanced cases) quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) or orthogonal frequency-division
Code-division_multiple_access
MOS field-effect transistor with more than one gate
better analog performance due to a higher intrinsic gain and lower channel length modulation. These advantages translate to lower power consumption and enhanced
Multigate_device
Digital radio broadcasting standard
programs in this bandwidth or even one low definition digital video channel. The modulation used for DRM is coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
Digital_Radio_Mondiale
Protocol for sending vehicle sensor data
a supply voltage line (5 V) and a ground line. SENT uses pulse-width modulation to encode four bits (one nibble) per symbol. The basic unit of time in
SENT_(protocol)
Topics referred to by the same term
manufacturing Canadian Line Materials, a Civil Defense Siren manufacturer Channel length modulation Committee on Copyright and other Legal Matters, a strategic programme
CLM
Radio signal transmission method
on other modulations or waveforms to enhance the system performance. Dynamic frequency hopping List of multiple discoveries Maximum length sequence Orthogonal
Frequency-hopping spread spectrum
Frequency-hopping_spread_spectrum
Interferometric technique
reflected by a vibrating target is reflected into the laser cavity, causing a modulation both in amplitude and in frequency of the emitted optical beam. In this
Self-mixing_interferometry
Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
adaptive modulation and coding uses a variety of ECC rates, adding more error-correction bits per packet when there are higher error rates in the channel, or
Error_correction_code
Analog multiplexing technique used in early telephone systems
communication channels grew out of this work. Analog carrier systems were gradually replaced by digital transmission systems using pulse-code modulation (PCM)
Carrier_telephony
Audio amplifier based on switching
back and forth between the supply rails, using pulse-width modulation, pulse-density modulation, or related techniques to produce a pulse train output. A
Class-D_amplifier
Data communications modulation protocol
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is encoded on a carrier signal by periodically shifting the
Frequency-shift_keying
Signal able to be decoded without an outside source of synchronization
or at least a wasteful use of channel capacity, and duplex the channel by varying the phase, as in polar modulation, or adding another signal that is
Self-clocking_signal
Standardized digital audio interface
zero, and the 4:1–3 bits (sample length) are set accordingly. IEC 61937 defines a way to transmit compressed, multi-channel data over S/PDIF. The control
S/PDIF
DC-free run-length limited line code used by several optical disc formats
Eight-to-fourteen modulation (EFM) is a data encoding technique – formally, a line code – used by compact discs (CD), laserdiscs (LD) and pre-Hi-MD MiniDiscs
Eight-to-fourteen_modulation
Type of ion channel transmembrane protein
this intracellular loop appears to function in desensitization, modulation of channel physiology by pharmacological substances, and posttranslational
Ligand-gated_ion_channel
Symbol rate measurement in telecommunications
determine the speed of communication over a data channel. It is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second or pulses per second
Baud
Data format used for audio compact discs
and error rate, modulation system (eight-to-fourteen modulation, EFM) and error correction facility (CIRC), and the eight subcode channels. These parameters
Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio
Type of error-correcting code using convolution
Decision Viterbi Decoding (MathWorks) Digital modulation: Exact LLR Algorithm (MathWorks) Digital modulation: Approximate LLR Algorithm (MathWorks) Butman
Convolutional_code
Broadcast network
requirements can be met. While not designed with on-channel repeaters in mind, the 8VSB modulation method used in North America for digital TV is relatively
Single-frequency_network
Digital terrestrial television standard
DVB-T Standard is published as EN 300 744, Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television. This is available from the
DVB-T
Information transmission rate expressed in bits per second
where n is the number of parallel channels, Mi is the number of symbols or levels of the modulation in the ith channel, and Ti is the symbol duration time
Bit_rate
Ion channel that selectively passes K+
"Modulation of BK Channels by Ethanol". Big on Bk: Current Insights into the Function of Large Conductance Voltage- and Ca2+ -Activated K+ Channels at
Potassium_channel
Nonlinear optical effect of light-matter interaction
Self-phase modulation (SPM) is a nonlinear optical effect of light–matter interaction. An ultrashort pulse of light, when travelling in a medium, will
Self-phase_modulation
Class of transport proteins
channels. Structurally they are thought to be very similar to BK channels with the main differences being conductance, and the methods of modulation.
Calcium-activated potassium channel
Calcium-activated_potassium_channel
Ultra high frequency radio to transmit TV
In comparison, the lowest channel in the UHF band, Channel 14, is on 470 MHz, a wavelength of 64 cm, or a dipole length of only 32 cm. A powerful VHF
UHF_television_broadcasting
New Zealand-born composer, teacher and pioneer in electroacoustic music
electronic modulation, tape delay, and 2-channel tape Sound The Tucket Sonance And The Note To Mount (1980) for solo trombone and 2-channel tape Electro-Acoustic
Barry_Anderson_(composer)
positive feedback techniques embedded within the input stage. Channel length modulation Drain-induced barrier lowering EKV MOSFET model Fin field-effect
Body_effect
Digital cable television standard
MPEG-4 family digital audio/digital video stream, using a QAM modulation with channel coding. The standard was first published by the ETSI in 1994, and
DVB-C
Family of transport proteins
referring to the length of activation. This channel has four isoforms: Cav1.1, Cav1.2, Cav1.3, and Cav1.4. L-type calcium channels are responsible for
L-type_calcium_channel
Second revision of the DVB-T standard
other data in "physical layer pipes" (PLPs), using OFDM modulation with concatenated channel coding and interleaving. The higher offered bit rate, with
DVB-T2
Serial communication protocol for two-channel digital audio
I2S or IIS) is a serial bus for transmitting two-channel, digital audio as pulse-code modulation (PCM) between integrated circuit (IC) components of
I2S
layer where the conduction channel forms. Unlike ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy which measures absorbance, charge modulation spectroscopy measures the
Charge modulation spectroscopy
Charge_modulation_spectroscopy
Process for reducing noise
10.3125 Gbps PRBS-31 test pattern with NRZ modulation, typical for testing 10-Gigabit Ethernet. The channel has an insertion loss of roughly 2 dB at the
Emphasis_(telecommunications)
Measurement technique
objective modifies the length of the measurement arm. The interference signal of a pixel has maximum modulation when the optical path length of light impinging
White_light_interferometry
Computer bus used for data storage systems
(Modified Frequency Modulation) for the data encoding method. ST412, an ST-506 variant was available in either MFM or RLL (Run-Length Limited) encoding
Hard_disk_drive_interface
Type of data transfer
serial interfaces such as PCIe send data several bits at a time using modulation/encoding techniques such as PAM4 which groups 2 bits at a time into a
Serial_communication
3GPP interface
Multiplexing and channel coding 3GPP TS 36.211 E-UTRA Physical channels and modulation "Nomor Research Newsletter: LTE Random Access Channel". Archived from
E-UTRA
Type of field-effect transistor
transistor (HEMT or HEM FET), also known as heterostructure FET (HFET) or modulation-doped FET (MODFET), is a field-effect transistor incorporating a junction
High-electron-mobility transistor
High-electron-mobility_transistor
used[citation needed] in conjunction with modulation to retain sinusoids' properties in multipath channels. It is well known that sinusoidal signals are
Cyclic_prefix
Type of transistor
The inversion layer confines the flow of minority carriers, increasing modulation and conductivity, although its electron transport depends on the gate's
Field-effect_transistor
Data communications modulation protocol
the channel gain does not appreciably change is the coherence time. A fading channel effectively imposes an unwanted random amplitude modulation on the
Multiple frequency-shift keying
Multiple_frequency-shift_keying
Land mobile radio system
US use "export radios" or European frequency modulation (FM) CB gear to escape the crowded AM channels. American AM gear has also been exported to Europe
Citizens_band_radio
Alteration of the original shape of a signal
forms of audio distortion are non-flat frequency response, compression, modulation, aliasing, quantization noise, wow and flutter from analog media such
Distortion
Type of microscopy using a physical probe
as the SPM reference channel, either in feedback mode, or it can be recorded directly in constant height mode. Amplitude modulation can fail if the non-conservative
Non-contact atomic force microscopy
Non-contact_atomic_force_microscopy
Audio codec
range-restricted downstream channels, such as RF modulation, where excessive output signal amplitude may result in significant distortion or modulation errors. IEC 61937-3:
Dolby_Digital_Plus
list of the modes of communication used, where the mode includes both modulation types and operating protocols. Morse code is called the original digital
List_of_amateur_radio_modes
Number of incorrect bits transmitted
or Es/N0 (energy per modulation symbol to noise spectral density). For example, in the case of BPSK modulation and AWGN channel, the BER as function of
Bit_error_rate
Color encoding system for analogue television
television systems further describe frame rates, image resolution, and audio modulation. PAL was developed by Walter Bruch at Telefunken in Hanover, West Germany
PAL
Rate at which data is processed in communication networks
measure of the system coverage area. Throughput over analog channels is determined by the modulation scheme, the signal-to-noise ratio, and the available bandwidth
Network_throughput
Family of digital video interfaces
without use of repeaters, but shorter lengths are preferred. The HD bitrates have a shorter maximum run length, typically 100 meters (330 ft). Uncompressed
Serial_digital_interface
Type of membrane proteins
PMID 11454447. Patel, A. J.; Honore, E. (2001). "Properties and modulation of mammalian 2P domain K+ channels". Trends Neurosci. 24 (6): 339–346. doi:10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01810-5
Mechanosensitive_channels
Family of technologies that are used to transmit digital data over telephone lines
multitone modulation (DMT), the most common kind, also known as Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) Trellis-coded pulse-amplitude modulation (TC-PAM)
Digital_subscriber_line
Class of transport proteins
conserved TRP domain (except in TRPA) which is involved with gating modulation and channel multimerization. Other C-terminal modifications such as alpha-kinase
Transient receptor potential channel
Transient_receptor_potential_channel
All-optical regenerator used in optical communications
of Bell Labs proposed and patented the use of self-phase modulation (SPM) for single channel optical pulse reshaping and re-amplification. More recent
Mamyshev_2R_regenerator
ISDN configuration
encoded by two modulation techniques: 2B1Q in North America, Italy and Switzerland, and 4B3T elsewhere. Depending on the applicable cable length, two varieties
Basic_Rate_Interface
encoding – Equilibrium length – Equivalent impedance transforms – Equivalent noise resistance – Equivalent pulse code modulation noise – Error burst –
Index_of_electronics_articles
Telecommunications coding technique
Run-length limited (RLL) encodings have been used for magnetic disk and tape storage devices using fixed-rate RLL codes that increase the channel data
Non-return-to-zero
Type of ion channel transmembrane protein
Butterwick JA, MacKinnon R (October 2014). "Phosphatidic acid modulation of Kv channel voltage sensor function". eLife. 3. doi:10.7554/eLife.04366. PMC 4212207
Lipid-gated_ion_channels
Quantum states light can be in
vibrates and thereby causes an oscillating path length difference, the output light has an amplitude modulation of the same frequency. Independent of the existence
Squeezed_states_of_light
Telecommunication device that obscures signals
frequency band, it can interfere with adjacent channels due to the intermodulation (also known as cross-modulation) caused by non-linearities of the receiving
Scrambler
Type of radar where a known stable frequency continuous wave radio energy is transmitted
brief period after the modulation ramp begins because incoming reflections will have modulation from the previous modulation cycle. This imposes a range
Continuous-wave_radar
Random fluctuation in an electrical signal
undesired random disturbance of a useful information signal in a communication channel. The noise is a summation of unwanted or disturbing energy from natural
Noise_(electronics)
Image transmission over radio
similar radiofax mode, SSTV is an analog signal. SSTV uses frequency modulation, in which every different value of brightness in the image gets a different
Slow-scan_television
Wireless networking standard
standard uses complementary code keying (CCK) as its modulation technique, which uses a specific set of length 8 complementary codes that was originally designed
IEEE_802.11b-1999
Type of modem
amplitude modulation (QAM), especially 16QAM. The popular satellite error correction codes include: Convolutional codes: with constraint length less than
Satellite_modem
Line code mapping 8-bit words to 10-bit symbols
scheme is used for audio CDs and CD-ROMs: Compact disc Eight-to-fourteen modulation Note that 8b/10b is the encoding scheme, not a specific code. While many
8b/10b_encoding
receiver sensitivity. MPT1327 control channel signalling is more resilient, since the TETRA protocol uses a complex modulation scheme that requires a far higher
MPT-1327
Television transmission technology
color television broadcasting, with Havana's Telecolor Channel 12 and Television Nacional channel 4 using the American NTSC standard and technology patented
Color_television
Antenna consisting of two rod-shaped conductors
above formula for the corrected antenna length can be written, for a length in meters as 143/ f , or a length in feet as 468/ f where f is the frequency
Dipole_antenna
Protein in humans
000 to 20,000 children were affected. However, the idea that cereblon modulation is responsible for the teratogenic activity of thalidomide in the chick
Cereblon
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
computationally secure mechanisms. A line code (also called digital baseband modulation or digital baseband transmission method) is a code chosen for use within
Coding_theory
Electrical resistance attributed to contacting interfaces
{\displaystyle R_{\text{ch}}} are contact and channel resistances, respectively, L / W {\displaystyle L/W} is the channel length/width, C {\displaystyle C} is gate
Contact_resistance
PCM30 describes an application of pulse-code modulation (PCM) in which 30 telephony analog signals are binary coded into a digital signal stream. The term
PCM30
Amateur radio communications software
constraint length K = 32, rate r = 1⁄2. Number of binary channel symbols: nsym = (50 + K − 1) × 2 = 162. Keying rate is 12000⁄8192 = 1.4648 baud. Modulation is
WSPR_(amateur_radio_software)
Synthesizer
sweep, but can use any of the modulation sources to the same effect (including envelopes, the modulation wheel, modulation pedal, or external controllers
Ensoniq_ESQ-1
Optoelectronics component
g the modal gain, α the non-resonant optical losses, L the length of the active channel and c the velocity of light. So the output power depends linearly
Superluminescent_diode
Type of error correcting code
Polar-Coded Modulation, Performance Comparisons and 5G New Radio (NR) Polar Coding with MATLAB®) and three appendices (Conceptual Channels in 5G New Radio
Polar_code_(coding_theory)
Japanese standard for digital television and radio
and HDTV using one TV channel or change to 3 SDTV, a switch that can be performed at any time. ISDB-T can also change the modulation scheme at the same time
ISDB
German longwave time signal radio station
since June 1983 by DCF77 via a phase modulation of the carrier wave with a pseudorandom noise sequence of 512 bits length. Using cross-correlation the reproduced
DCF77
Group of membrane proteins that passively export cations out of a cell
Cation Channel (PCC) Family (TC# 1.A.5) consists of several transporters ranging in size from 500 to over 4000 amino acyl residues (aas) in length and exhibiting
Polycystin cation channel family
Polycystin_cation_channel_family
Surround sound format used for theatrical films
using 16-bit PCM audio in a delta modulation compression which resulted in a compression level of 4:1. The audio channels in CDS were arranged in the same
Cinema_Digital_Sound
Concept in optics
{fiss} }} is shorter than the length of the fibre and other characteristic length scales such as the modulation instability length L M I {\displaystyle L_{\mathrm
Supercontinuum
CHANNEL LENGTH-MODULATION
CHANNEL LENGTH-MODULATION
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived near an estuary, channel, or drain, Middle English chanel, Old French chanel (Latin canalis ‘canal’, ‘conduit’).
Girl/Female
French American
Canal; channel. The popular perfume Chanel.
Girl/Female
French
Canal; channel. The popular perfume Chanel.
Female
Romanian
Pet form of Romanian Ileana, possibly LENUTA means "torch."
Female
Finnish
Pet form of Finnish Hanne, HANNELE means "favor; grace."
Female
English
English variant spelling of French Chantal, CHANTEL means "stony place."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Channell.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Christian, French
Channel; The Popular Perfume Chanel
Girl/Female
French
Canal; channel. The popular perfume Chanel.
Male
Hebrew
Variant spelling of Hebrew Channiy'el, CHANIEL means "favored of God."
Surname or Lastname
English (Channel Islands)
English (Channel Islands) : unexplained.Probably an Americanized spelling of German Krill or Grill 2.
Male
Hindi/Indian
Variant spelling of Hindi Chandra, CHANDER means "moon."
Boy/Male
French
From the chapel.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Chantel, SHANTEL means "stony place."
Female
Swedish
Feminine form of Swedish Bengt, BENGTA means "blessed."Â
Girl/Female
Australian, French, Jamaican
The Popular Perfume Chanel; Channel; Pipe
Female
French
French surname transferred to forename use, CHANTAL means "stony place."
Girl/Female
French
Canal; channel. The popular perfume Chanel.
Girl/Female
French
Canal; channel. The popular perfume Chanel.
Male
English
English unisex name derived from the vocabulary word, CHANCE means "chance."Â
CHANNEL LENGTH-MODULATION
CHANNEL LENGTH-MODULATION
Girl/Female
Australian, Swedish
Victory of the People
Girl/Female
Australian, Latin
Little Wave
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Brave; King
Girl/Female
American, British, English, Italian, Latin
Flower Name; Variant of the Flower Name Camelia
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Tamil
Foreign
Boy/Male
Hebrew
Lofty; exalted; high mountain. Biblically, Aaron was Moses' older brother (and keeper by God's...
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Brahma
Girl/Female
English German
Winged.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Divine; From Allah
Female
English
Latin name SYLVA means "from the forest."
CHANNEL LENGTH-MODULATION
CHANNEL LENGTH-MODULATION
CHANNEL LENGTH-MODULATION
CHANNEL LENGTH-MODULATION
CHANNEL LENGTH-MODULATION
n.
A strait, or narrow sea, between two portions of lands; as, the British Channel.
v. t.
To course through or over, as in a channel.
v. t.
To lengthen.
a.
The quality or state of being long, in space or time; extent; duration; as, some sea birds are remarkable for the length of their wings; he was tired by the length of the sermon, and the length of his walk.
adv.
At full length; lengthwise.
v. t.
To make run in a channel.
imp. & p. p.
of Channel
n.
A possibility; a likelihood; an opportunity; -- with reference to a doubtful result; as, a chance to escape; a chance for life; the chances are all against him.
n.
A charnel house; a grave; a cemetery.
imp. & p. p.
of Chance
a.
A single piece or subdivision of a series, or of a number of long pieces which may be connected together; as, a length of pipe; a length of fence.
a.
Detail or amplification; unfolding; continuance as, to pursue a subject to a great length.
a.
A portion of space or of time considered as measured by its length; -- often in the plural.
a.
The longest, or longer, dimension of any object, in distinction from breadth or width; extent of anything from end to end; the longest line which can be drawn through a body, parallel to its sides; as, the length of a church, or of a ship; the length of a rope or line.
n.
That through which anything passes; means of passing, conveying, or transmitting; as, the news was conveyed to us by different channels.
v. t.
To form a channel in; to cut or wear a channel or channels in; to groove.
a.
Of half the whole or ordinary length, as a picture.
superl.
Having length; rather long or too long; prolix; not brief; -- said chiefly of discourses, writings, and the like.
imp. & p. p.
of Change
v. t.
To extent in length; to make longer in extent or duration; as, to lengthen a line or a road; to lengthen life; -- sometimes followed by out.