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See searches and references containing TRANSITIVE ALIGNMENT!TRANSITIVE ALIGNMENT
Pattern relating to the subject and object of verbs
ergative–absolutive alignment is a type of morphosyntactic alignment in which the subject of an intransitive verb behaves like the object of a transitive verb, and
Ergative–absolutive_alignment
In linguistic typology, transitive alignment is a type of morphosyntactic alignment used in a small number of languages in which a single grammatical
Transitive_alignment
Grammatical relationship between arguments
morphosyntactic alignment is the grammatical relationship between arguments—specifically, between the two arguments (in English, subject and object) of transitive verbs
Morphosyntactic_alignment
Concept of sentence structure in linguistics
nominative–accusative alignment is a type of morphosyntactic alignment in which subjects of intransitive verbs are treated like subjects of transitive verbs, and
Nominative–accusative alignment
Nominative–accusative_alignment
Type of morphosyntactic alignment in linguistic typology
typology, active–stative alignment (also split intransitive alignment or semantic alignment) is a type of morphosyntactic alignment in which the sole argument
Active–stative_alignment
Type of morphosyntactic alignment in linguistic typology
ergative-absolutive alignment languages, in which the argument of an intransitive verb patterns with either the agent argument of the transitive (in accusative
Tripartite_alignment
Verb that entails a transitive object
A transitive verb is a verb that entails one or more transitive objects, for example, 'enjoys' in Amadeus enjoys music. This contrasts with intransitive
Transitive_verb
Topics referred to by the same term
Morphosyntactic alignment, the linguistic system used to distinguish between the arguments of transitive and intransitive verbs Parallel text alignment, the identification
Alignment
Proposed concept in linguistic typology
typology, but it is widely understood to involve different grammar for transitive predications according to the relative positions of their "subject" and
Direct–inverse_alignment
Type of morphosyntactic alignment
the agent argument of a transitive verb and other coding properties with the patient argument ('direct object') of a transitive verb. It is typically observed
Nominative–absolutive alignment
Nominative–absolutive_alignment
Verb that does not entail a direct object
cases. In languages with ergative–absolutive alignment, the passive voice (where the object of a transitive verb becomes the subject of an intransitive
Intransitive_verb
Grammatical case
agent of a transitive verb in ergative–absolutive languages. Ergative–absolutive alignment contrasts with nominative–accusative alignment in which subjects
Ergative_case
Pamir language of Afghanistan and Tajikistan
roles are not – that is, a typical nominative–accusative alignment. See transitive alignment for examples. Zarubin, I.I. Bartangskie i rushanskie teksty
Rushani_language
Aspect of verb grammar
in morphosyntactic alignment to describe arguments in a sentence. The subject of an intransitive verb is S, the agent of a transitive verb is A, and the
Causative
Grammatical case
transitive verbs in the translational equivalents of nominative–accusative languages such as English. In languages with ergative–absolutive alignment
Absolutive_case
Alignment of more than two molecular sequences
the agreement between different alignments in the library regarding each aligned residue. Its extension, Transitive Consistency Score (TCS), uses T-Coffee
Multiple_sequence_alignment
Language family indigenous to the South Caucasus
subject and one object, which can be direct or indirect. The verb is: transitive when the object is direct; intransitive if the object is indirect. Tripersonal
Kartvelian_languages
Verb which takes a subject and two objects
Instrumental case Intransitive verb Morphosyntactic alignment Secundative language Transitive verb Transitivity (grammar) Valency (linguistics) "Ditransitive
Ditransitive_verb
Canela-Krahô dialect of Brazil
finite matrix clauses in Canela have a split-S alignment pattern, whereby the agents of transitive verbs (A) and the sole arguments of a subclass of
Canela_dialect
Inuit language spoken in Greenland
language's morphosyntactic alignment is ergative, treating both the subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb in one way, but the
Greenlandic_language
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
zia'a 1SG.IND first.born:MUT 'I am the first-born.' as the P argument of transitive verbs in dependent (including relative and nominalized) clauses Andrehe'e
Nias_language
Grammatical case used to receive the direct object of a transitive verb
a noun is the grammatical case used to receive the direct object of a transitive verb. In the English language, the only words that occur in the accusative
Accusative_case
Language of the Basque people
ergative-absolute alignment refers to a system in which the subject of an intransitive verb is treated similarly to the object of a transitive verb, while the
Basque_language
Personal pronoun that is used as the subject of a verb
nominative–accusative alignment pattern. On the other hand, a language with an ergative-absolutive pattern usually has separate subject pronouns for transitive and intransitive
Subject_pronoun
Verbs in Circassian languages can be distinguished between transitivity (intransitive, transitive and ditransitive), and valency (monovalent, bivalent and
Circassian_verb_transitivity
Grammar of the Georgian language
language. That is, the subject of an intransitive verb and the subject of a transitive verb are treated alike when it comes to word order within the sentence
Georgian_grammar
Southeast Asian dialect chain
prominently a neutral alignment language. Taoih exhibits neutral alignment for case with (in)transitive verbs and also neutral alignment for agreement in both
Ta'Oi_language
Categorization of nouns and modifiers by function
agent (subject) of a transitive verb; this case is then called the nominative case, with the patient (direct object) of a transitive verb being in the accusative
Grammatical_case
Verb that is both transitive and intransitive
An ambitransitive verb is a verb that is both intransitive and transitive. This verb may or may not require a direct object. English has many ambitransitive
Ambitransitive_verb
Number and type of arguments controlled by a linguistic predicate
Valency is related, though not identical, to subcategorization and transitivity, which count only object arguments – valency counts all arguments, including
Valency_(linguistics)
object of a transitive or intransitive verb I saw her; I gave her the book. Scottish Gaelic | many languages with Austronesian Alignment. Ergative case
List_of_grammatical_cases
Grammatical phenomenon in Austronesian
known as Austronesian alignment or the Austronesian focus system, is a typologically unusual kind of morphosyntactic alignment in which "one argument
Symmetrical_voice
Mayan language of Chiapas, Mexico
passivization and as a mean of deriving numeral classifiers. First, some transitive roots reduce valence by infixing -j- into the root. This process is accompanied
Chʼol_language
Feature in the typology of certain languages
ergative–absolutive alignment: the subject of the intransitive verb is expressed by a suffixed person marker, thus in the same way as the object of transitive verbs
Split_ergativity
Grammatical case
Austronesian alignment, the direct case is the case of the argument of an intransitive clause (S), and may be used for either argument of a transitive clause
Direct_case
Endangered Tupian language of Brazil
for alignment, Acuntsú is considered an ergative-absolutive language. This is because the subject of intransitive verbs and the object of transitive verbs
Akuntsu_language
Northern Je language spoken in Brazil
clauses in Mẽbêngôkre have a nominative–accusative alignment pattern, whereby the agents of transitive verbs (A) and the sole arguments of intransitive
Kayapo_language
Subgroup of the Austroasiatic language family
Nicobarese the subjects (S) of intransitive predicates and the patients (P) of transitive predicates often receive overt markings and agreement instead. This marked
Nicobarese_languages
Concept in linguistics
verb. Such subject is semantically similar to the direct object of a transitive verb or the subject when in the passive voice. Examples in English are
Unaccusative_verb
Ancestral form of the Kʼicheʼ language in Guatemala
ergative-absolutive alignment, i.e. it normally uses the same grammatical marking for the subject of an intransitive verb and the direct object of a transitive verb
Classical_Kʼicheʼ
Arawakan language spoken in South America
active–stative alignment. This means that the subject of an intransitive clause is sometimes marked in the same way as the agent of a transitive clause, and
Baniwa_of_Içana
Subfamily of the Algic languages of North America
persons. Verbs are divided into four classes: transitive verbs with an animate object (abbreviated "TA"), transitive verbs with an inanimate object ("TI"), intransitive
Algonquian_languages
Grammatical use indicating possession
Grammatical cases List of cases Declension Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive Nominative
Possessive
Austronesian language spoken on Pohnpei island in Micronesia
languages, Pohnpeian focus marking interacts with transitivity and relative clauses (see Austronesian alignment). Its range of grammatically acceptable sentence
Pohnpeian_language
nominative alignment is an unusual type of morphosyntactic alignment similar to, and often considered a subtype of, a nominative–accusative alignment. In a
Marked_nominative_alignment
alignment (English): intransitive verb: He NOM ran. transitive verb: He NOM sees me ACC. Ergative alignment (West Greenlandic) (Yip et al. 1987: 220): intransitive
Case_in_tiers
Algonquian language spoken in Canada
describe as "pseudo-transitive" verbs. Ellis groups them with Type 2 transitive inanimate verbs because they also function like transitive inanimate verbs
Swampy_Cree_language
Technique for speeding up algorithms involving Boolean matrices
include: computing the transitive closure of a graph, Boolean matrix multiplication, edit distance calculation, sequence alignment, index calculation for
Method_of_Four_Russians
Grammatical indication of whether an action was intentional or not
In his analysis of the Squamish language, Peter Jacobs examines how transitive predicates are marked differently according to the degree of control an
Volition_(linguistics)
Papuan language
governed by semantic alignment: actor prefixes are used to index the S-argument of active intransitive verbs and the A-argument of transitive verbs, while undergoer
Galela_language
Grammatical case
languages to mark the argument of an intransitive verb, but not used with transitive verbs. It is generally seen in languages that display tripartite nominal
Intransitive_case
Tuparian language of Brazil
intransitive verb (S) or the agent argument of a transitive verb (A), but not the patient of a transitive verb (P). This is exemplified below. V:verb S:sole
Wayoró_language
Munda language of South Asia
Medio-passive voice. Transitive roots, transitive-intransitive roots, and causative stems will take -ok to derive passive stems. In the transitive-intransitive
Santali_language
Popolocan language spoken in Mexico
of a transitive phrase. d-ą́tʰē-má d- ASP- ą́tʰē fall -má -1.EXCL.ACT d- ą́tʰē -má ASP- fall -1.EXCL.ACT "I fall" This morphosyntactic alignment would
Chocho_language
Indigenous languages of Brazil
clauses in Northern Jê languages have a split-S alignment pattern, whereby the agents of transitive verbs (A) and the sole arguments of a subclass of
Northern_Jê_languages
Language family of the Arctic and sub-Arctic
intransitive verbs and objects of transitive verbs are marked with the absolutive case, while subjects of transitive verbs are marked with the ergative
Eskaleut_languages
Language of the Yupik family
to form these polysynthetic words. Yupʼik has predominantly ergative alignment: case marking follows the ergative pattern for the most part, but verb
Central_Alaskan_Yupʼik
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
bound and free pronouns: Core arguments (A: subject of transitive verbs; O: object of transitive verbs, S: subject of intransitive verbs) are not marked
Mori_Bawah_language
Model or diagram describing interrelated things
grammar structure ER structure Common noun Entity type Proper noun Entity Transitive verb Relationship type Intransitive verb Attribute type Adjective Attribute
Entity–relationship_model
Katukinan language spoken in Brazil
by ergative–absolutive alignment. The absolutive argument (i.e. the subject of intransitive verbs and the object of transitive verbs) is unmarked for
Katukína-Kanamarí_language
Keram language of Papua New Guinea
for word order, and this is based on if the clause is transitive or intransitive. In a transitive clause, the object follows the subject and precedes the
Yaul_language
Grammatical case
nominative, that is the most marked case and is used for the subject of a transitive verb or a voluntary subject of an intransitive verb but not for an involuntary
Nominative_case
Branch of linguistics
the same side as the agent or the patient of the transitive verb. Bickel (2011) has argued that alignment should be seen as a construction-specific property
Linguistic_typology
Grammar of the Kurdish language
and Kurmanji. Kurmanji and Sorani Kurdish have a split-ergative system. Transitive verbs show nominative/accusative marking in the present tense, and ergative
Kurdish_grammar
Tupian language branch of Brazil
intransitive verb (S) or the agent argument of a transitive verb (A), but not the patient of a transitive verb (P). The example below is from Wayoró. V:verb
Tupari_languages
Australian Aboriginal language
and the other Ngayarta languages have an accusative alignment. That is, the subjects of transitive verbs are treated the same as the subjects of intransitive
Panyjima_language
Macro-Jê language spoken in Brazil
option, found in many transitive and intransitive verbs, with its allomorph /-j/ after the vowel /a/), /-n/ (found in some transitive verbs), as well as
Kĩsêdjê_language
Linguistic classification
Syntactic structure of transitive sentence in Tagalog
Verb-initial_word_order
Southwestern Iranian language
survived some intransitive-transitive verb pairs with quality and quantity differences in the root, where the transitive one usually has the vowel ā:
Middle_Persian
Grammatical features of the Hindustani lingua franca
lenā and denā, transitive verbs, occur with transitives, while intransitive jānā occurs mostly with intransitives; a compound of a transitive and jānā will
Hindustani_grammar
Grammatical case
Transitivity and valency Transitivity Intransitive verb Transitive verb Ambitransitive verb Valency Impersonal (Avalent) Intransitive verb (Monovalent)
Benefactive_case
Role-playing game multiverse
Dungeon Master's Guide (2014). Alignment-based planes. The home of gods, dead souls, and raw philosophy and belief. The transitive planes connect the other
Plane_(Dungeons_&_Dragons)
Language of ancient Sumer and Babylon
{i-b-dab-ene}. This pattern can be described as a case of tripartite alignment. 2. A plural transitive subject in the ḫamṭu TA is expressed not only by the prefix
Sumerian_language
Reconstructed ancestor of the Afroasiatic language family
the ergative case marks the subject of transitive verbs and the absolutive case marks both the object of transitive verbs and the subject of intransitive
Proto-Afroasiatic_language
Indigenous Australian language
semantic roles, such as ergative (the subject of a transitive clause) or absolutive (the object of a transitive clause or the subject of an intransitive clause)
Wagiman_language
Southern Nuristani language
postpositions. For transitive verbs in the perfective ('preterite'), perfect, and pluperfect, the direct object is in the direct case and the transitive subject
Nuristani_Kalasha_language
Grammar of standard Tibetian
which may be used as the subject of an intransitive verb, the object of a transitive verb or the experiencer of an emotion. The genitive case marks possession
Modern_Lhasa_Tibetan_grammar
Austronesian language spoken in New Caledonia
indexing on verbs has a split-transitive, tripartite alignment, deverbal nominalizations show a more ergative alignment: undergoers and intransitive subjects
Vamale_language
Matacoan language spoken in Argentina and Paraguay
formulation used by some, AVO (A = subject of transitive verb or ‘agent’, V = verb, O = object of transitive verb), though other orders are possible in less
Nivaclé_language
Inflection of words according to number, gender, and/or case
Reciprocity Reflexive pronoun Reflexive verb Syntax relationships Argument Transitivity Valency Branching Serial verb construction Traditional grammar Predicate
Declension
Macro-Jê language spoken in Brazil
morphosyntactic alignment. The agents of transitive verbs are marked by the ergative postposition te, whereas the patients of transitive verbs and the intransitive
Maxakalí_language
West Germanic language
or direct object of a transitive verb), and of the Old English dative case (for a recipient or indirect object of a transitive verb). The subjective is
English_language
(experimental). Combine: combines two (or more) multiple sequence alignments into one. Transitive Consistency Score (TCS) is an extended version of the T-Coffee
T-Coffee
Language family spoken in Mesoamerica
ergative in their alignment. This means that the subject of an intransitive verb is treated similarly to the object of a transitive verb, but differently
Mayan_languages
Part of a sentence
the verb is intransitive (he ran) is different from when the verb is transitive (he broke the window). In these languages, which are known as ergative
Subject_(grammar)
Eastern Iranian language of Ossetia, in the Caucasus
д- d-, ст- st- оr in a vowel (see below). There are also many related transitive-intransitive verb pairs, which also differ by means of a vowel alternation
Ossetian_language
Indigenous language spoken in parts of South America
morphosyntactic alignment is ergative–absolutive, which means that the subject of an intransitive verb is marked the same way as the object of a transitive verb
Yanomaman_languages
List of interlinear glossing abbreviations
of transitive verb), S (single argument of intransitive verb), SA (Sa) and SP (Sp) or SO (So) (agent- and patient-like argument in split-S alignment),
List of glossing abbreviations
List_of_glossing_abbreviations
Extinct language family
suffixes of the head. In verbs, the type of valency, intransitive vs transitive, is signalled by a special suffix, the so-called "class marker". The complex
Hurro-Urartian_languages
Heritage language in Hokkaido, Japan
another; the head comes at the end. Verbs, which are inherently either transitive or intransitive, accept various derivational affixes. Ainu does not have
Ainu_language
frames or with different valency, as in Fred ate the pizza (where ate is transitive, with object the pizza) vs. Fred ate (where ate is intransitive, with
Diathesis_alternation
Extinct indigenous language of Mississippi and Louisiana
(the ergative case marks nouns in transitive clauses), and its syntax is characterized by active-stative alignment and subject-object-verb word order
Natchez_language
Indigenous South American language family
split-intransitive alignment systems of subject and object cross-referencing on the verb. The agentive arguments of both transitive and intransitive verbs
Arawakan_languages
Grammar of the Pashto language
present perfect, past perfect), Pashto is an ergative language; i.e., transitive verbs in any of the past tenses agree with the object of the sentence
Pashto_grammar
Semantic role
typically affixed with the particle o (hiragana を) when used with active transitive verbs, and the particle ga (hiragana が) when used with inactive intransitive
Patient_(grammar)
intransitive verbs and Direct Object of transitive verbs. Ergative (Erg): Marks the Subject (Agent) of transitive verbs. Oblique (Obl): Marks Indirect Objects
Adyghe_verbs
Oto-Pamean language family of south-central Mexico
(help); Clauses with a verb can be intransitive or transitive. In Ixtenco Otomi, if a transitive verb has two arguments represented as free noun phrases
Otomi_language
Northeast Caucasian language native to Russia
translation would the subject, for intransitive verbs, or the object, with transitive verbs). Example of verbal agreement in intransitive clause with a composite
Chechen_language
Extinct Bronze Age Indo-European language
The ergative case is used when an inanimate noun is the subject of a transitive verb. Early Hittite texts have a vocative case for a few nouns with -u
Hittite_language
which raise valency by turning an intransitive verb into a transitive one, or a bivalent transitive into a trivalent one. A monovalent intransitive verb has
Kabardian_verbs
TRANSITIVE ALIGNMENT
TRANSITIVE ALIGNMENT
Boy/Male
Hindu
Transition
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Age of Transition; New Age
Boy/Male
Tamil
Transition
TRANSITIVE ALIGNMENT
TRANSITIVE ALIGNMENT
Girl/Female
Hindu
Flute
Boy/Male
Greek Latin
The ram.
Girl/Female
Latin
From the Aegean sea.
Boy/Male
German
Bright Ruler
Girl/Female
Armenian, Danish, German, Swedish
God has Favoured Me; Nice
Biblical
to hide; demolished
Girl/Female
Slavic
Foreigner.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Russian
Lord Shiva; Defender of Mankind
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Llighting to the World
Girl/Female
Indian
God Name
TRANSITIVE ALIGNMENT
TRANSITIVE ALIGNMENT
TRANSITIVE ALIGNMENT
TRANSITIVE ALIGNMENT
TRANSITIVE ALIGNMENT
n.
A transition from one subject to another.
a.
Applied to verbs which assert that the subject acts upon or affects something else; transitive.
n.
An intransitive verb.
n.
Change from one form to another.
n.
A passing from one subject to another.
a.
Transmitted or transmissible from father to son, or from age, by oral communication; traditional.
n.
A direct or indirect passing from one key to another; a modulation.
v. t.
To require to be in a particular case; as, a transitive verb governs a noun in the objective case; or to require (a particular case); as, a transitive verb governs the objective case.
adv.
Without an object following; in the manner of an intransitive verb.
a.
Having the power of making a transit, or passage.
a.
Of or pertaining to transition; involving or denoting transition; as, transitional changes; transitional stage.
a.
Intransitive; as, a neuter verb.
a.
Effected by transference of signification.
a.
Not passing farther; kept; detained.
a.
Passing over to an object; expressing an action which is not limited to the agent or subject, but which requires an object to complete the sense; as, a transitive verb, for example, he holds the book.
a.
tropical; figurative; as, a translative sense.
n.
Transition.
a.
Not transitive; not passing over to an object; expressing an action or state that is limited to the agent or subject, or, in other words, an action which does not require an object to complete the sense; as, an intransitive verb, e. g., the bird flies; the dog runs.
n.
Passage from one place or state to another; charge; as, the transition of the weather from hot to cold.