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Japanese diplomatic code named Purple by the US
kyūnana-shiki ōbun injiki) or "Type B Cipher Machine", codenamed Purple by the United States, was an encryption machine used by the Japanese Foreign Office
Type_B_Cipher_Machine
Japanese cipher machine
Characters") or Angōki Taipu-A (暗号機 タイプA; Type A Cipher Machine), codenamed Red by the United States, was a diplomatic cryptographic machine used by the Japanese
Type_A_Cipher_Machine
Algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure
Cipher
German cipher machine during World War II
The Enigma machine is a cipher device developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic, and military communication
Enigma_machine
Japanese World War II cipher machine
the European theater. Type A Cipher Machine ("Red") Type B Cipher Machine ("Purple") TENTATIVE LIST OF ENIGMA AND OTHER MACHINE USAGES 30 March 1945 —
JADE_(cipher_machine)
Disused cipher that was used historically
In cryptography, a classical cipher is a type of cipher that was used historically but, for the most part, has fallen into disuse. In contrast to modern
Classical_cipher
1950s cipher machines by Crypto AG
(Hagelin) C-52 and CX-52 were cipher machines manufactured by Crypto AG starting 1951/1952. These pin-and-lug type cipher machines were advanced successors
C-52_(cipher_machine)
WWII-era Allied cipher system
The Combined Cipher Machine (CCM) (or Combined Cypher Machine) was a common cipher machine system for securing Allied communications during World War
Combined_Cipher_Machine
System to replace plaintext with ciphertext
are a number of different types of substitution cipher. If the cipher operates on single letters, it is termed a simple substitution cipher; a cipher that
Substitution_cipher
Simple and widely known encryption technique
A Caesar cipher is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques used in cryptography. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each
Caesar_cipher
Cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II
The Lorenz SZ40, SZ42a and SZ42b were German rotor stream cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II. They were developed by C. Lorenz
Lorenz_cipher
US cryptographic equipment
technical cooperation on a marital level, found it practical to develop and produce in quantity its Strip Cipher Device, Type M-138-A. This was used from 1935
M-94_(cipher_machine)
Simple type of polyalphabetic encryption system
Vigenère cipher (French pronunciation: [viʒnɛːʁ]) is a method of encrypting alphabetic text where each letter of the plaintext is encoded with a different
Vigenère_cipher
Type of substitution cipher
pigpen cipher (alternatively referred to as the masonic cipher, Freemason's cipher, Rosicrucian cipher, Napoleon cipher, and tic-tac-toe cipher) is a geometric
Pigpen_cipher
Type of symmetric key cipher
A stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream (keystream). In a stream cipher
Stream_cipher
Rotor cipher machine
Wikimedia Commons has media related to NEMA cipher machine. Frode Weierud's page on the NEMA – photographs and a simulator David Hamer's page on NEMA – includes
NEMA_(machine)
American naval officer convicted for a fatal car crash in Japan
(born 1988) is a former United States Navy lieutenant whose imprisonment in Japan became a political issue. In 2021, Alkonis was involved in a vehicle accident
Ridge_Alkonis
Decryption of World War II cipher
transmissions, was given the codename Ultra. The Enigma machines were a family of portable cipher machines with rotor scramblers. Good operating procedures,
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma
Polish decryption device
was a special-purpose machine designed around October 1938 by Polish Cipher Bureau cryptologist Marian Rejewski to break German Enigma-machine ciphers. How
Bomba_(cryptography)
Substitution cipher
system with a standard collating order. The Atbash cipher is a particular type of monoalphabetic cipher formed by taking the alphabet (or abjad, syllabary
Atbash
Type of transposition cipher
The rail fence cipher (also called a zigzag cipher) is a classical type of transposition cipher. It derives its name from the manner in which encryption
Rail_fence_cipher
Cryptography construction
cryptography, a Feistel cipher (also known as Luby–Rackoff block cipher) is a symmetric structure used in the construction of block ciphers, named after
Feistel_cipher
Set of algorithms that help secure a network connection
A cipher suite is a set of algorithms that help secure a network connection. Suites typically use Transport Layer Security (TLS) or its deprecated predecessor
Cipher_suite
Process of converting plaintext to ciphertext
is "non-standard," which means that the symbols require a cipher or key to understand. This type of early encryption was used throughout Ancient Greece
Encryption
Stream cipher
(also known as ARC4 or ARCFOUR, meaning Alleged RC4, see below) is a stream cipher. While it is remarkable for its simplicity and speed in software, multiple
RC4
Type of substitution cipher
affine cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher, where each letter in an alphabet is mapped to its numeric equivalent, encrypted using a simple
Affine_cipher
might have an individual agent as a source. Allied cipher machines used in World War II included the British TypeX and the American SIGABA; both were
History_of_cryptography
Encrypted information
a cipher. Ciphertext is also known as encrypted or encoded information because it contains a form of the original plaintext that is unreadable by a human
Ciphertext
Class of electromechanical encryption devices, used widely from the 1920s to the 1970s
cryptography, a rotor machine is an electro-mechanical stream cipher device used for encrypting and decrypting messages. Rotor machines were the cryptographic
Rotor_machine
Study of analyzing information systems in order to discover their hidden aspects
usefulness. Cryptographer Lars Knudsen (1998) classified various types of attack on block ciphers according to the amount and quality of secret information that
Cryptanalysis
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
"E") for the eavesdropping adversary. Since the development of rotor cipher machines in World War I and the advent of computers in World War II, cryptography
Cryptography
British cipher machine
Mercury was a British cipher machine used by the Air Ministry from 1950 until at least the early 1960s. Mercury was an online rotor machine descended from
Mercury_(cipher_machine)
Musical algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
break. Regarding the type of symbol used for substitution, most music ciphers utilize the pitch of a musical note as the primary cipher symbol. Since there
Music_cipher
American mathematician and cryptanalyst (1913–2006)
system used in the Japanese Type B Cipher Machine, code named Purple by the SIS She played a key role in cracking the cipher, discovering cyclical behavior
Genevieve_Grotjan_Feinstein
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
elements, a relatively short key length of the symmetric-key block cipher design, and the involvement of the NSA, raising suspicions about a backdoor.
Data_Encryption_Standard
Algorithm
A reciprocal cipher is also sometimes referred as self-reciprocal cipher. Practically all mechanical cipher machines implement a reciprocal cipher, a
Symmetric-key_algorithm
British cipher machine
Typex (also spelled Type X or TypeX) was the primary cipher machine used by the British military during World War II by and into the early Cold War. Based
Typex
American cipher machine
the ECM Mark II was a cipher machine used by the United States for message encryption from World War II until the 1950s. The machine was also known as the
SIGABA
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
ChangeCipherSpec is itself a record-level protocol with content type of 20. The client sends an authenticated and encrypted Finished message, containing a hash
Transport_Layer_Security
Block cipher
Skipjack is a block cipher — an algorithm for encryption — developed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA). Initially a classified encryption
Skipjack_(cipher)
Encryption and decryption method
A book cipher is a cipher in which each word or letter in the plaintext of a message is replaced by some code that locates it in another text, the key
Book_cipher
Historical article manuscript
The Copiale cipher is an encrypted manuscript consisting of 75,000 handwritten characters filling 105 pages in a bound volume. Undeciphered for more than
Copiale_cipher
Puzzle
A cryptogram is a type of puzzle that consists of a short piece of encrypted text. Generally the cipher used to encrypt the text is simple enough that
Cryptogram
Study of the frequency of letters or groups of letters in a ciphertext
frequency of letters or groups of letters in a ciphertext. The method is used as an aid to breaking classical ciphers. Frequency analysis is based on the fact
Frequency_analysis
German Signal Intelligence Agency
control of its own key processes and machinery, such as the rotor cipher ENIGMA machine. It was the successor to the former Chi bureau (German: Chiffrierstelle)
Cipher Department of the High Command of the Wehrmacht
Cipher_Department_of_the_High_Command_of_the_Wehrmacht
level. These were the Enigma machine, the teleprinter cipher attachment (Lorenz cipher), and the cipher teleprinter the Siemens and Halske T52, (Siemens T-43)
German Army cryptographic systems of World War II
German_Army_cryptographic_systems_of_World_War_II
Attack model for cryptanalysis with access to both plaintext and ciphertext
Networked cipher machines were considered vulnerable to cribs, and various techniques were used to disguise the beginning and ends of a message, including
Known-plaintext_attack
Type of cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary
Block_cipher
Cryptology method
decrypting German Enigma machine ciphers. The Enigma rotor cipher machine changes plaintext characters into cipher text using a different permutation for
Grill_(cryptology)
Codebreaking device created at Bletchley Park (United Kingdom)
Enigma-machine-encrypted secret messages during World War II. The British Bombe was developed from the Polish bomba, which had been designed at the Cipher Bureau
Bombe
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
variant of the Rijndael block cipher developed by two Belgian cryptographers, Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen, who submitted a proposal to NIST during the
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
Cipher system attributed to Thomas Jefferson
the Bazeries cylinder or wheel cypher, is a cipher system commonly attributed to Thomas Jefferson that uses a set of wheels or disks, each with letters
Jefferson_disk
Topics referred to by the same term
quality index between 201 and 300 a hospital emergency code The US codename for the Japanese Type B Cipher Machine This disambiguation page lists articles
Code_Purple
Aspect of WWII Allied intelligence gathering
writer) stream cipher machines at both ends of a telegraph link using the 5-bit International Telegraphy Alphabet No. 2 (ITA2). These machines were subsequently
Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Lorenz_cipher
Season of television series
take down Reddington, who eventually kills Rostova. Elizabeth then goes on a vengeful crusade against Reddington, going rogue from the FBI and gathering
The_Blacklist_season_8
Type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher
the running key cipher is a type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher in which a text, typically from a book, is used to provide a very long keystream
Running_key_cipher
Block cipher
In cryptography, XTEA (eXtended TEA) is a block cipher designed to correct weaknesses in TEA. The cipher's designers were David Wheeler and Roger Needham
XTEA
Family of authenticated ciphers
Ascon is a family of lightweight authenticated ciphers and hash functions that have been selected by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology
Ascon_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, RC2 (also known as ARC2) is a symmetric-key block cipher designed by Ron Rivest in 1987. "RC" stands for "Ron's Code" (see also RC2, RC5
RC2
Method in cryptography
field length limits or data types. For example, output from a typical block cipher would turn credit card number into a hexadecimal (e.g
Format-preserving_encryption
Serial killer in California in the 1960s
all three letters was a different cryptogram. They combined to form a 408-symbol cipher (Z408). The writer claimed, "In this cipher is my idenity. [sic]"
Zodiac_Killer
BID/610, codenamed Alvis, was a British cipher machine used by both British and Canadian governments and also by NATO. It was the first fully transistorised
BID_610
Allied codename for Nazi German teleprinter stream ciphers
the Lorenz cipher at Bletchley Park was assisted initially by a machine called Heath Robinson and later by the Colossus computers yielded a great deal
Fish_(cryptography)
Polyalphabetic substitution encryption and decryption system
Leonardo Dati about a recently developed movable type printing press led to the development of his cipher wheel. Alberti's cipher disk embodies the first
Alberti_cipher
Family of lightweight block ciphers
Simon is a family of lightweight block ciphers publicly released by the National Security Agency (NSA) in June 2013. Simon has been optimized for performance
Simon_(cipher)
Polish rotor cipher machine
Lacida, also called LCD, was a Polish rotor cipher machine. It was designed and produced before World War II by Poland's Cipher Bureau for prospective wartime
Lacida
Type of cipher used in World War I
In cryptography, the ADFGVX cipher was a manually applied field cipher used by the Imperial German Army during World War I. It was used to transmit messages
ADFGVX_cipher
Simple encryption method
ROT13 is a simple letter substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it in the Latin alphabet. It is a special case of the Caesar
ROT13
Encryption technique
The Two-square cipher, also called double Playfair, is a manual symmetric encryption technique. It was developed to ease the cumbersome nature of the
Two-square_cipher
Rotor encryption machine
centralized cryptologic organisation as a standard machine for all parts of the armed forces, and the first cipher machine to use electronics (vacuum tubes)
KL-7
Military code use and breaking during the Second World War
interception. The nations involved fielded a plethora of code and cipher systems, many of the latter using rotor machines. As a result, the theoretical and practical
World_War_II_cryptography
How often each letter appears in written language
developed the method to break ciphers. Letter frequency analysis gained importance in Europe with the development of movable type in AD 1450, wherein one must
Letter_frequency
Family of block ciphers
Speck is part of a family of lightweight block ciphers publicly released by the National Security Agency (NSA) in June 2013. Speck has been optimized
Speck_(cipher)
Block cipher
CAST-128 (alternatively CAST5) is a symmetric-key block cipher used in a number of products, notably as the default cipher in some versions of GPG and PGP
CAST-128
Soviet cipher machine
In cryptography, Fialka (M-125) is the name of a Cold War-era Soviet cipher machine. A rotor machine, the device uses 10 rotors, each with 30 contacts
Fialka
Signals agency of the German Foreign Office
Strip Cypher Another machine developed, a type of comparator (German: Spezialvergleicher), to solve Japanese transposition ciphers by dragging the end
Pers_Z_S
Feistel network based block cipher
In cryptography, Camellia is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits. It was jointly developed
Camellia_(cipher)
WWII code-breaking site
Enigma cipher machine, but an important minority were produced by the even more complicated twelve-rotor Lorenz SZ42 on-line teleprinter cipher machine used
Bletchley_Park
Early British cryptanalysis computer
Colossus was a set of computers developed by British codebreakers in the years 1943–1945 to help in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher. Colossus used
Colossus_computer
US standard for secure communications
the encryption repeats. For Type 1 security, SCIP uses BATON, a 128-bit block design. With this or other 128-bit ciphers, such as AES, SCIP specifies
Secure Communications Interoperability Protocol
Secure_Communications_Interoperability_Protocol
2003 video game
Wes, a former member of Team Snagem. Throughout the game, Wes rescues "Shadow Pokémon"—Pokémon who have had their hearts darkened by Team Cipher, an antagonistic
Pokémon_Colosseum
2005 video game
Michael using the Snag Machine. While testing the Snag Machine, Krane is kidnapped by agents of Cipher, the criminal syndicate responsible for creating and
Pokémon_XD:_Gale_of_Darkness
Classification of cryptographic attack
cryptanalyst's lack of information. Modern ciphers are required to be very resistant to this type of attack. In fact, a successful cryptanalysis in the COA model
Attack_model
Cryptography practises of the USA's National Security Agency
announced that it is planning to transition "in the not distant future" to a new cipher suite that is resistant to quantum attacks. "Unfortunately, the growth
NSA_cryptography
General form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers
Differential cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions
Differential_cryptanalysis
Short Weather Cipher (German: Wetterkurzschlüssel, abbreviated WKS), also known as the weather short signal book, was a cipher, presented as a codebook, that
Short_Weather_Cipher
Block cipher
MARS is a block cipher that was IBM's submission to the Advanced Encryption Standard process. MARS was selected as an AES finalist in August 1999, after
MARS_(cipher)
Block cipher
Serpent is a symmetric key block cipher that was a finalist in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) contest, in which it ranked second to Rijndael.
Serpent_(cipher)
Type of code
encryption, we get "xtrkykcy". A more complicated method involves a Bifid cipher without a key (or, in other words, with a key of plain alphabet): The message
Polybius_square
Book by Simon Singh
a code in the strict sense. Some other languages, e.g., Polish, tend to do the opposite and refer to both principal types of cryptography as "cipher"
The_Code_Book
Suite of cryptographic algorithms needed to implement a particular security service
Typically, a cryptosystem consists of three algorithms: one for key generation, one for encryption, and one for decryption. The term cipher (sometimes
Cryptosystem
Cryptography standard
cryptography, PKCS #7 ("PKCS #7: Cryptographic Message Syntax", "CMS") is a standard syntax for storing signed and/or encrypted data. PKCS #7 is one of
PKCS_7
Theoretical attack on block ciphers
cryptography, the eXtended Sparse Linearization (XSL) attack is a method of cryptanalysis for block ciphers. The attack was first published in 2002 by researchers
XSL_attack
on a farm, knowing that Cipher will come for them. The crew arrive and inform them that Cipher had been captured by Mr. Nobody on a plane, but a third
List of Fast & Furious characters
List_of_Fast_&_Furious_characters
Hiding messages in other messages
invisible ink on paper, writing a message in Morse code on yarn worn by a courier, microdots, or using a music cipher to hide messages as musical notes
Steganography
German electrical and electronics company
develop a new cipher machine that would allow communication by radio in extreme secrecy. Called the Schlüsselzusatz (cipher attachment), the Lorenz cipher machine
C._Lorenz_AG
Topics referred to by the same term
Configuration Manager, a component of Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager Combined Cipher Machine, a WWII-era cipher system Community Climate
CCM
Type of functions designed for being unsolvable by root-finding algorithms
private network (VPN) connections." During World War II, Japan used a cipher machine for diplomatic communications; the United States was able to crack
Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator
Cryptanalytic process developed by Alan Turing during World War II
for breaking the Lorenz cipher. The aim of Banburismus was to reduce the time required of the electromechanical Bombe machines by identifying the most
Banburismus
Free and open-source disk encryption utility
and Kuznyechik as ciphers. Version 1.19 stopped using the Magma cipher in response to a security audit. For additional security, ten different combinations
VeraCrypt
TYPE A-CIPHER-MACHINE
TYPE A-CIPHER-MACHINE
Girl/Female
English American
Piper.
Male
Danish
, a female dog; or, the mad, raging.
Biblical
a digger
Girl/Female
Danish, German, Swedish
A City in Phoenicia
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly East Anglia)
English (mainly East Anglia) : topographic name for someone who lived by a common pasture, Middle English tye (Old English tēag).North German : from a short form, Tide, of the personal name Dietrich.
Boy/Male
Biblical
A digger.
Girl/Female
German, Polish, Swedish
Type of a Butterfly
Female
Swedish
Short form of Swedish Linnéa, NÉA means "twinflower."
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the Middle English word tye, TYE means "pasture."
Girl/Female
Australian, Vietnamese
A Type of Flower
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
A Type of Bird
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, English
Flute Player; A Young Dove; Piper
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Cooper, from Middle English copere, found from the 12th century alongside cupere.English : metonymic occupational name for a worker in copper, Old English coper (Latin (aes) Cyprium ‘Cyprian bronze’).Respelling of German Kopper.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
A Type of Bird
Male
English
Short form of English Christopher, TOPHER means "Christ-bearer."Â
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Type of a Veda
Boy/Male
British, English
A Type of Dance
Boy/Male
Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
A Type of Veda
Male
Danish
, a female dog; or, the mad, raging.
Girl/Female
American, British, English, Jamaican
A River in England; River
TYPE A-CIPHER-MACHINE
TYPE A-CIPHER-MACHINE
Girl/Female
Indian
River Yamuna, Born of the Sun
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Blessing; Love
Boy/Male
Indian
Ideal
Female
Spanish
Contracted form of Spanish Alejandra, ALONDRA means "defender of mankind." It may also be given as a bird name if derived from the Spanish word alondra, meaning "lark."
Boy/Male
Australian, British, Christian, English, Latin
Of Laurentium; From the Place of the Laurel Leaves; Diminutive of Lawrence
Girl/Female
Tamil
Vandhitha | வநà¯à®¤à¯€à®Ÿà®¾
Thanking, Adored, Praised, Saluted
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
English
From the split meadow.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Pashtun
Successful
Girl/Female
Latin
Wise.
TYPE A-CIPHER-MACHINE
TYPE A-CIPHER-MACHINE
TYPE A-CIPHER-MACHINE
TYPE A-CIPHER-MACHINE
TYPE A-CIPHER-MACHINE
imp. & p. p.
of Type
n.
A grove or clump of trees; as, a toddy tope.
v. t.
To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out the answer.
n.
A combining form signifying impressed form; stamp; print; type; typical form; representative; as in stereotype phototype, ferrotype, monotype.
n.
A tapeline; also, a metallic ribbon so marked as to serve as a tapeline; as, a steel tape.
v. t.
To cover or coat with copper; to sheathe with sheets of copper; as, to copper a ship.
n.
One who ciphers.
a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, official formality. See Red tape, under Red, a.
imp. & p. p.
of Cipher
n.
A combination or interweaving of letters, as the initials of a name; a device; a monogram; as, a painter's cipher, an engraver's cipher, etc. The cut represents the initials N. W.
v. t.
To represent by a type, model, or symbol beforehand; to prefigure.
conj. Either
precedes two, or more, coordinate words or phrases, and is introductory to an alternative. It is correlative to or.
v. t.
To decipher.
a.
Relating to a type or types; belonging to types; serving as a type; typical.
n. & v.
See Cipher.
n.
A coin made of copper; a penny, cent, or other minor coin of copper.
a.
Of the nature of a cipher; of no weight or influence.
v. t.
To translate from secret characters or ciphers into intelligible terms; as, to decipher a letter written in secret characters.
v. t.
To decipher; as, to uncipher a letter.
a.
Faced or covered with copper; as, copper-faced type.