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Branch of string theory
String cosmology is a relatively new field that tries to apply equations of string theory to solve the questions of early cosmology. A related area of
String_cosmology
Theories in particle physics and cosmology
Brane cosmology refers to several theories in particle physics and cosmology related to string theory, superstring theory and M-theory. The central idea
Brane_cosmology
Attempts to develop a quantum mechanical theory of cosmology
instead of classical spacetime. String cosmology Brane cosmology Loop quantum cosmology Top-down cosmology Non-standard cosmology Loop quantum gravity Canonical
Quantum_cosmology
Theory of rapid universe expansion
In physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation, or just inflation, is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the very early universe
Cosmic_inflation
Collection of possible string theory vacua
cosmology by Lee Smolin in his book The Life of the Cosmos (1997), and was first used in the context of string theory by Leonard Susskind. In string theory
String_theory_landscape
Subfield of astronomy
quantum and physical cosmology (the physical study of the largest-scale structures of the universe), including string cosmology and astroparticle physics
Astrophysics
Branch of physics that studies mathematical models of the universe
Physical cosmology is a branch of physics concerned with modeling the universe based on the laws of physics. A cosmological model provides a mathematical
Physical_cosmology
Branch of string theory
theory for particle physics and cosmology. In cosmology, string phenomenology studies, among others, implications of string theory for inflation, dark matter
String_phenomenology
string theory has developed into a broad and varied subject with connections to quantum gravity, particle and condensed matter physics, cosmology, and
History_of_string_theory
Speculative feature of the early universe
universe's evolution, just after cosmological inflation, and are a fairly generic prediction in both quantum field theory and string theory models of the early
Cosmic_string
Theory of subatomic structure
universe cosmology, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics, and it has stimulated a number of major developments in pure mathematics. Because string theory
String_theory
Theoretical physicist, musician
with whom Alexander completed his doctoral thesis in the field of string cosmology. After receiving his doctoral degree, Alexander was a research physicist
Stephon_Alexander
Concept in cosmology
by quantum field theory? More unsolved problems in physics In cosmology, the cosmological constant problem or vacuum catastrophe is the substantial disagreement
Cosmological_constant_problem
Italian theoretical physicist
cosmological model can be obtained from string theory, thus opening the door to a description of string cosmological pre-big bang scenarios. National Academy
Gabriele_Veneziano
Professor of physics
particle/string cosmology. He obtained his PhD from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1985, with the thesis Quantum Aspects of Kaluza–Klein Cosmologies
Edmund_Copeland
Hypothetical group of multiple universes
multiverse, string cosmology, physical eschatology". In Kragh, Helge; Longair, Malcolm (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Modern Cosmology. Oxford
Multiverse
Horizon appearing on a cosmological scale
of cosmological horizons was clarified by Wolfgang Rindler in 1956. He distinguished instantaneous events like a supernova from world lines, a string of
Cosmological_horizon
involved in mathematics. Majumdar's research includes string cosmology and inflationary cosmology. Among his most widely cited publications is the paper
Mahbubul_Alam_Majumdar
2002 French academic dispute
paper is manifestly not a string theory treatise, "considering the role the Hagedorn temperature plays in string cosmology, this is bordering on self-parody
Bogdanov_affair
Value representing energy density of space
physical cosmology, the cosmological constant (usually denoted by the Greek capital letter lambda: Λ), alternatively called Einstein's cosmological constant
Cosmological_constant
Formalism in string theory
List of string theory topics Little string theory Loop quantum gravity Relationship between string theory and quantum field theory String cosmology Supergravity
String_field_theory
American string theory and cosmologist
cosmologist, and string theorist. She is a professor of physics at Stanford University and director of the Modern Inflationary Cosmology collaboration within
Eva_Silverstein
American theoretical physicist (born 1963)
program at the intersection of string theory, mathematical physics, and cosmology. Greene's area of research is string theory, a candidate for a theory
Brian_Greene
German theoretical physicist
University of Würzburg in 2016. Erdmenger is the author of the book String Cosmology: Modern String Theory Concepts from the Big Bang to Cosmic Structure (Wiley
Johanna_Erdmenger
Physics professor (b 1957)
universe cosmology and black holes by applying Einstein's gravity and string theory to gravitational singularities. In 1992, he showed that simple string models
Ram_Brustein
Cosmological models involving indefinite, self-sustaining cycles
A cyclic model (or oscillating model) is any of several cosmological models in which the universe follows infinite, or indefinite, self-sustaining cycles
Cyclic_model
Textbook by Steven Weinberg
Cosmology (2008) is a textbook about cosmology by American physicist Steven Weinberg. The textbook is intended for final-year physics undergraduates or
Cosmology_(book)
Hypothetical physical concept
candidate forces suggested by modern cosmology: an inflationary force and dark energy. Furthermore, cosmological experiments also suggest the existence
Theory_of_everything
Duality between theories of gravity on anti-de Sitter space and conformal field theories
(AdS) that are used in theories of quantum gravity, formulated in terms of string theory or M-theory. On the other side of the correspondence are conformal
AdS/CFT_correspondence
Principle in theoretical physics
The holographic principle is a property of string theories and a supposed property of quantum gravity that states that the description of a volume of space
Holographic_principle
Book by Brian Greene
Greene, professor and co-director of Columbia's Institute for Strings, Cosmology, and Astroparticle Physics (ISCAP). It develops themes from his The Elegant
The_Fabric_of_the_Cosmos
Hypothesis about sapient life and the universe
In philosophy of science and cosmology, the anthropic principle (also known as the observation selection effect) is the proposition that the range of
Anthropic_principle
Indian physicist (born 1956)
conjecture about open string tachyon condensation on such branes. His description of rolling tachyons has been influential in string cosmology. He has also co-authored
Ashoke_Sen
American theoretical physicist (born 1940)
Physics. His research interests are string theory, quantum field theory, quantum statistical mechanics and quantum cosmology. He is a member of the US National
Leonard_Susskind
American physicist
With Joseph Polchinski, Bousso proposed the string theory landscape as a solution to the cosmological constant problem. Bousso was born in Haifa, Israel
Raphael_Bousso
British physicist
Theories from string theory. In this vein, his work on tests of the constancy of the velocity of light and models of string cosmology separately received
John Ellis (physicist, born 1946)
John_Ellis_(physicist,_born_1946)
Polish physicist (born 1961)
dissertation titled The Role of Symmetry of Noncritical Strings Theory in String Cosmology (Rola Symetrii Teorii Strun Niekrytycznych w Kosmologii Strunowej)
Krzysztof_Antoni_Meissner
Quantum description of black holes
are advanced as the ultimate building blocks of matter and light. Under string theory, strings are bundles of energy vibrating in complex ways in both
Fuzzball_(string_theory)
Theory of quantum gravity merging quantum mechanics and general relativity
advanced as a direct result of loop quantum gravity is called loop quantum cosmology (LQC). LQC advances the study of the early universe, incorporating the
Loop_quantum_gravity
American theoretical physicist
field theories, and applications to invariants of manifolds; string cosmology and string field theory. Moore was a member of the advisory board for Springer's
Greg_Moore_(physicist)
American theoretical physicist (born 1955)
that he calls temporal naturalism. His research interests also include cosmology, elementary particle theory, the foundations of quantum mechanics, and
Lee_Smolin
Description of gravity using discrete values
geometry Path-integral based models of quantum cosmology Quadratic gravity Regge calculus Shape Dynamics String-nets and quantum graphity Supergravity Twistor
Quantum_gravity
Energy driving the accelerated expansion of the universe
In physical cosmology and astronomy, dark energy is a proposed form of energy that affects the universe on its largest scales. Its primary effect is to
Dark_energy
on particle/string cosmology from the evolution of cosmic superstrings, to the determination of the nature of Inflation in string cosmology and to constraining
John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh Medal and Prize
John_William_Strutt,_Lord_Rayleigh_Medal_and_Prize
Flexible structure made from fibers twisted together
physics and cosmology, the analogy has extended to hypothetical structures such as cosmic strings and to theoretical frameworks in string theory. Unlike
String
Russian-American theoretical physicist
different vacua in string theory for solving the cosmological constant problem. At that time, no stable or metastable vacua of string theory were actually
Andrei_Linde
Framework of superstring theory
theory. Edward Witten first conjectured the existence of such a theory at a string theory conference at the University of Southern California in 1995. Witten's
M-theory
Greek theoretical physicist (born 1961)
Athens) is a Greek theoretical physicist, specialising in string theory, particle physics, and cosmology. He has an international reputation for his research
Nikolaos_Mavromatos
Description of the universe in Hindu texts
Hindu cosmology is the description of the universe and its states of matter, cycles within time, physical structure, and effects on living entities according
Hindu_cosmology
Scientific hypothesis
Cosmological natural selection, also called the fecund universes, is a hypothesis proposed by Lee Smolin intended as a scientific alternative to the anthropic
Cosmological natural selection
Cosmological_natural_selection
Hypothetical physical entity
In physics, a string is a physical entity postulated in string theory and related subjects. Unlike elementary particles, which are zero-dimensional or
String_(physics)
Israeli astrophysicist
College, Cambridge. Fialkov began her doctoral studies working in string cosmology, but then switched to theoretical radio astronomy. Her research involves
Anastasia_Fialkov
Philosophical thought experiment
which are about perception and thought, Boltzmann brains are used in cosmology to test our assumptions about thermodynamics and the development of the
Boltzmann_brain
hypothetical circular cosmic string loop stabilized by the angular momentum of the charge and current trapped on the string. Vortons were coined by R. L
Vorton
Theory of strings with supersymmetry
is a shorthand for supersymmetric string theory because unlike bosonic string theory, it is the version of string theory that accounts for both fermions
Superstring_theory
1999 book by Brian Greene
"Reflections on Cosmology" gives an overview of the standard Big Bang model and the refinements of inflationary cosmology. String theory could answer
The_Elegant_Universe
Condition in which spacetime itself breaks down
Penrose, R. (1970). "The singularities of gravitational collapse and cosmology". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical
Gravitational_singularity
Cypriot theoretical physicist (1952–2022)
influence on and relationship to string theory. He also worked on string cosmology. Kounnas received in 1995 the Paul Langevin Prize and in 2013 the Gay-Lussac-Humboldt
Costas_Kounnas
Theories trying to extend known physics
Dark matter. Assuming that general relativity and Lambda CDM are true, cosmological observations show that the Standard Model explains about 5% of the mass-energy
Physics beyond the Standard Model
Physics_beyond_the_Standard_Model
26-dimensional string theory
Bosonic string theory is the original version of string theory, developed in the late 1960s. It is so called because it contains only bosons in the spectrum
Bosonic_string_theory
In physics and geometry: conjectured relation between pairs of Calabi–Yau manifolds
geometrically but are nevertheless equivalent when employed as extra dimensions of string theory. Early cases of mirror symmetry were discovered by physicists. Mathematicians
Mirror symmetry (string theory)
Mirror_symmetry_(string_theory)
Theory in physics with scalars and tensors both describing a force or interaction
M. (2016-08-10). "Post-Newtonian celestial mechanics in scalar-tensor cosmology". Physical Review D. 94 (4) 044015. arXiv:1606.09139. Bibcode:2016PhRvD
Scalar–tensor_theory
American theoretical physicist
spans cosmology, particle physics, and string theory. He has made significant contributions to both fundamental and phenomenological aspects of string theory
Gary_Shiu
Unsolved problem in physics
that UV/IR mixing could resolve the hierarchy problem in string theory. In physical cosmology, current observations in favor of an accelerating universe
Hierarchy_problem
Aspect of theoretical physics
physics, type II string theory is a unified term that includes both type IIA strings and type IIB strings theories. Type II string theory accounts for
Type_II_string_theory
Book by Roger Penrose
substantive discussion of frontier issues in theoretical physics and cosmology to a popular audience, an author deprives himself of the discipline of
The_Road_to_Reality
Proposed higher dimensions of space and time
In physics, extra dimensions are proposed additional space or time dimensions beyond the (3 + 1) typical of observed spacetime, such as the first attempts
Extra_dimensions
Model for the origin of the universe
The Big Bounce hypothesis is a cosmological model for the origin of the known universe. It was originally suggested as a phase of the cyclic model or oscillatory
Big_Bounce
Cosmological model
The ekpyrotic universe (/ˌɛkpaɪˈrɒtɪk/) is a cosmological model of the early universe that explains the origin of the large-scale structure of the cosmos
Ekpyrotic_universe
Book by Leonard Susskind
chromodynamics. Later on, the cosmological constant is introduced and problems with the amount of energy produced from virtual particles. String theory is also introduced
The_Cosmic_Landscape
Extended objects found in string theory
exact string field theory that would describe the off-shell evolution of the tachyon. This has implications for physical cosmology. Because string theory
D-brane
Theoretical physicist
at Stanford University, working there on supergravity, string theory and inflationary cosmology. Kallosh was born in 1943 in Chernivtsi.[citation needed]
Renata_Kallosh
Symmetry between bosons and fermions
physics, optics, stochastic dynamics, astrophysics, quantum gravity, and cosmology. Supersymmetry has also been applied to high-energy physics, where a supersymmetric
Supersymmetry
Five-dimensional Christoffel symbol
In Kaluza–Klein theory, a unification of general relativity and electromagnetism, the five-fimensional Kaluza–Klein–Christoffel symbol is the generalization
Kaluza–Klein–Christoffel symbol
Kaluza–Klein–Christoffel_symbol
Models of the universe which deviate from then-current scientific consensus
A non-standard cosmology is any physical cosmological model of the universe that was, or still is, proposed as an alternative to the then-current standard
Non-standard_cosmology
Candidate "Theory of Everything"
In the 1980s, a new mathematical model of theoretical physics, called string theory, emerged. It showed how all the different subatomic particles known
Introduction_to_M-theory
Unified field theory
supported by experiments, but is a precursor to supergravity and modern string theory (in eleven-dimensional spacetime). In his 1921 article, Kaluza established
Kaluza–Klein_theory
Hypothetical elementary particle
Enqvist & Sloth (2002). "Adiabatic CMB perturbations in pre-Big Bang string cosmology". Nuclear Physics B. 626 (1–2): 395–409. arXiv:hep-ph/0109214. Bibcode:2002NuPhB
Curvaton
Comprehensive physical model
Particles, Strings and Cosmology – The Pran Nath Festschrift – Pascos 2004. Tenth International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology – PaSCos 2004. Boston
Grand_Unified_Theory
Extended physical object in string theory
Look up brane in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In string theory and related theories (such as supergravity), a brane is a physical object that generalizes
Brane
Physical theory of the cosmos
expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature. Various cosmological models based on the Big Bang concept explain a broad range of phenomena
Big_Bang
Approach to quantum gravity using discrete spacetime
arXiv:gr-qc/0003117(Cosmology, Dynamics) R.D. Sorkin; Indications of causal set cosmology; Int. J. Theor. Ph. 39(7):1731-1736 (2000); arXiv:gr-qc/0003043; (Cosmology, Dynamics)
Causal_sets
Book by Roger Penrose
Conformal Cyclic Cosmology (CCC) model, which is an extension of general relativity but opposed to the widely supported multidimensional string theories and
Cycles_of_Time
Violation of charge-parity symmetry in particle physics and cosmology
opened the door to questions still at the core of particle physics and of cosmology today. The lack of an exact CP-symmetry, but also the fact that it is
CP_violation
Condensed matter physics model involving only closed loops
In condensed matter physics, a string-net is an extended object whose collective behavior has been proposed as a physical mechanism for topological order
String-net_liquid
English theoretical physicist (1942–2018)
and author who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge. Between 1979 and 2009, he was the Lucasian
Stephen_Hawking
Physics concept of subatomic structure
In string theory, a heterotic string is a closed string (or loop) which is a hybrid ('heterotic') of a superstring and a bosonic string. There are two
Heterotic_string_theory
Five-dimensional Einstein field equations
In Kaluza–Klein theory, a speculative unification of general relativity and electromagnetism, the five-dimensional Kaluza–Klein–Einstein field equations
Kaluza–Klein–Einstein field equations
Kaluza–Klein–Einstein_field_equations
Hypothetical gravitational particle
{10^{-6}}{\omega _{0}}}} , where ω 0 {\displaystyle \omega _{0}} is the current cosmological value of the scalar-field function ω ( Φ ) {\displaystyle \omega (\Phi
Pressuron
Brandenberger (1956–) formulated the theory of string gas cosmology, with colleague Cumrun Vafa, and developed cosmological perturbation theory Bernard J. Carr (1949–)
List_of_cosmologists
Hypothetical scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe
thermodynamics, and cosmology. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-65383-8. OCLC 15365972. Woit, Peter (2007). Not even wrong: the failure of string theory and
Big_Crunch
Book by Lisa Randall
variety of physics studies, including cosmological inflation, supersymmetry, grand unified theories, and aspects of string theory". "As of last autumn, she
Warped_Passages
Five-dimensional metric
Hossenfelder 03, Equation (4.21) Steven, Weinberg (1972). Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity (PDF)
Kaluza–Klein_metric
Scientific field of study
high-energy particle physics and nuclear physics; and chaos theory and cosmology; and interdisciplinary fields. The major fields of physics, along with
Physics
Unobservable spacetime curves needed to describe Dirac monopoles
In physics, a Dirac string is a one-dimensional curve in space, conceived of by the physicist Paul Dirac, stretching between two hypothetical Dirac monopoles
Dirac_string
Book by Leonard Susskind
Model Particle Physics 3: Super-symmetry and Grand Unification String theory Cosmology and black holes Gribbin, John (2013-02-01), "Physics Made (Almost)
The_Theoretical_Minimum
Theoretical (d–1)-dimensional singularity
In string theory, a domain wall is a theoretical (d−1)-dimensional singularity. A domain wall is meant to represent an object of codimension one embedded
Domain_wall_(string_theory)
Set of equations that describe superstring theory in a non-perturbative framework
physics, matrix string theory is a set of equations that describe superstring theory in a non-perturbative framework. Type IIA string theory can be shown
Matrix_string_theory
Book by Roger Penrose
fantasy, respectively. They are the string theory (fashion), quantum mechanics (faith) and the current cosmology theory (fantasy). From Chapter 4, Penrose
Fashion, Faith, and Fantasy in the New Physics of the Universe
Fashion,_Faith,_and_Fantasy_in_the_New_Physics_of_the_Universe
Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
cosmology. In line with contemporary thinking, he assumed a static universe, adding a new parameter to his original field equations—the cosmological constant—to
General_relativity
STRING COSMOLOGY
STRING COSMOLOGY
Female
English
English name derived from the season name, "spring," (Mar. 21 thru Jun. 21), derived from the verb spring, "to burst forth," from Proto-Indo-European *sprengh-, SPRING means "rapid movement."Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places in Oxfordshire and West Sussex named Goring, from Old English GÄringas ‘people of GÄra’, a short form of the various compound names with the first element gÄr ‘spear’.German (Göring) : see Goering.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin. Early examples, as for example William Spring (Yorkshire 1280), all point to a personal name or nickname, perhaps going back to an Old English byname derived from the verb springan ‘to jump or leap’ (see Springer 1). Alternatively, it could be a topographic name from Middle English spring ‘young wood’, ‘spring’. Compare Springer. Reaney derives the surname from the word denoting the season, although the word is not attested in this sense until the 16th century, the usual Middle English word being lenten. Compare Lenz. The surname has also been established in Ireland (County Kerry) for several centuries.German : from Middle High German sprinc, Middle Low German sprink ‘spring’, ‘well’, hence a topographic name for someone who lived by a spring or well, or habitational name from Springe near Hannover.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Springer.John Spring emigrated from England and settled in Watertown, MA, in 1634.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a maker of string or bow strings, from an agent derivative of Middle English streng ‘string’. In Yorkshire, where it is still particularly common, Redmonds argues that the surname may have been connected with iron working, a stringer having operated some form of specialist hearth.
Boy/Male
British, English
Spike of Grain
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
Powerful
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of strings or bow strings, from Middle English streng ‘string’, ‘cord’.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Bengali, British, Christian, English, Indian
Springtime; Spring Season; Rapid Movement
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English strong, strang ‘strong’, generally a nickname for a strong man but perhaps sometimes applied ironically to a weakling.French : translation of Trahand, a metonymic occupational name for a silkworker who drew out the thread from the cocoons (see Trahan).Translation of Ashkenazic Jewish Stark.
Boy/Male
Assamese, Indian
Sining
Female
English
English variant spelling of Latin Serena, SERINA means "serene, tranquil."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Strong; Caring
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
Strong
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Spring.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Serena, SARINA means "serene, tranquil."
Surname or Lastname
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from Middle High German hærinc ‘herring’, German Hering, a nickname for someone supposedly resembling a herring or a metonymic occupational name for a fish seller. In some cases the Jewish surname is ornamental.English : variant spelling of Herring.
Female
Romanian
Feminine form of Romanian Sorin, SORINA means "sun."
Girl/Female
Indian
Lively, Entertainer, From a stream or a Spring, The Spring season, The Spring season
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps be a nickname from Middle English daring ‘trembling’, ‘crouching or transfixed with fear’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
STRING COSMOLOGY
STRING COSMOLOGY
Boy/Male
Indian, Sikh
Youth
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Telugu
Thought
Boy/Male
Sikh
Boy/Male
Indian
Protector, Patron, Supporter, Defender
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Lord of the Lamp; Lord of Light
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English
Torch Light
Female
Dutch
, pearl.
Female
Native American
Native American Miwok name PAPINA means "vine growing around an oak tree."
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Heart; Heart Felt
Boy/Male
Hindu
Foamy
STRING COSMOLOGY
STRING COSMOLOGY
STRING COSMOLOGY
STRING COSMOLOGY
STRING COSMOLOGY
superl.
Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged; as, a strong partisan; a strong Whig or Tory.
p. p.
of String
n.
A small cord, a line, a twine, or a slender strip of leather, or other substance, used for binding together, fastening, or tying things; a cord, larger than a thread and smaller than a rope; as, a shoe string; a bonnet string; a silken string.
v. t.
To furnish with strings; as, to string a violin.
superl.
Having virtues of great efficacy; or, having a particular quality in a great degree; as, a strong powder or tincture; a strong decoction; strong tea or coffee.
n.
A thread or cord on which a number of objects or parts are strung or arranged in close and orderly succession; hence, a line or series of things arranged on a thread, or as if so arranged; a succession; a concatenation; a chain; as, a string of shells or beads; a string of dried apples; a string of houses; a string of arguments.
a.
Strong.
superl.
Well established; firm; not easily overthrown or altered; as, a strong custom; a strong belief.
v. t.
To deprive of strings; to strip the strings from; as, to string beans. See String, n., 9.
superl.
Having passive physical power; having ability to bear or endure; firm; hale; sound; robust; as, a strong constitution; strong health.
imp.
of String
a.
Consisting of strings, or small threads; fibrous; filamentous; as, a stringy root.
superl.
Moving with rapidity or force; violent; forcible; impetuous; as, a strong current of water or wind; the wind was strong from the northeast; a strong tide.
v. t.
To put on a string; to file; as, to string beads.
superl.
Solid; nourishing; as, strong meat.
superl.
Adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind or imagination; striking or superior of the kind; powerful; forcible; cogent; as, a strong argument; strong reasons; strong evidence; a strong example; strong language.
superl.
Having great military or naval force; powerful; as, a strong army or fleet; a nation strong at sea.
superl.
Affecting any sense powerfully; as, strong light, colors, etc.; a strong flavor of onions; a strong scent.