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Physical memory region on IBM PC compatibles
In DOS memory management, the upper memory area (UMA) is the memory between the addresses of 640 KB and 1024 KB (0xA0000–0xFFFFF) in an IBM PC or compatible
Upper_memory_area
First 640 KB of RAM under DOS
area. The remaining 384 KB beyond the conventional memory area, called the upper memory area (UMA), was reserved for system use and optional devices. UMA
Conventional_memory
RAM area of an IBM AT or compatible computer
In DOS memory management, the high memory area (HMA) is the RAM area consisting of the first 65520 bytes above the one megabyte in an IBM AT or compatible
High_memory_area
Techniques employed to give access to more than 640 kibibytes
physical memory in a machine could be organized as a combination of base or conventional memory (including lower memory), upper memory, high memory (not the
DOS_memory_management
Section of computer memory in PC compatibles
extended memory (SXMS). The extended memory manager is also responsible for managing allocations in the high memory area (HMA) and the upper memory area (UMA;
Extended_memory
System of bank switching in DOS memory management
region in the upper 384 KiB (upper memory area) divided into four 16 KiB pages, which can be used to map portions of the expanded memory. Quadram, AST
Expanded_memory
MS-DOS disk caching program
conventional memory (the first 640 kilobytes of memory which is critical to MS-DOS) by running in upper memory area (the 384 kilobytes of memory located beyond
SmartDrive
COMMAND.COM that is used to load a program into the upper memory area (UMA) instead of conventional memory. The command was introduced with MS-DOS 5.0 / PC DOS
LOADHIGH
1981 American microcomputer model
145–149. Retrieved April 13, 2025. "IBM 5150 - Memory Map of the 640 KB to 1 MB Area (the 'Upper Memory Area')". minuszerodegrees.net. Archived from the
IBM_Personal_Computer
Topics referred to by the same term
class LH (DOS command), a DOS command that loads a program into the upper memory area Luteinizing hormone, a hormone synthesized and secreted by gonadotropes
LH
Overview of and topical guide to computers
Unbuffered memory Uniform Memory Access Universal memory Upper memory area Video memory Virtual memory Volatile memory Computer performance by orders of magnitude
Outline_of_computers
Topics referred to by the same term
the northern sky Uniform memory access, a shared memory architecture in parallel computers Upper memory area, in DOS memory management User-Managed Access
UMA
Firmware for hardware initialization and OS runtime services
"upper memory area" (the part of the x86 real-mode address space at and above address 0xA0000) and runs each ROM found, in order. To discover memory-mapped
BIOS
Maximum amount of RAM accessible by a computer
operating system may only be designed to allocate a certain amount of memory, with upper address bits reserved to indicate designations such as I/O or supervisor
RAM_limit
Method of CPU communication
region between 640 and 1024 KB (64k segments 10 through 16) for the Upper Memory Area. This choice initially made little impact, but it eventually limited
Memory-mapped I/O and port-mapped I/O
Memory-mapped_I/O_and_port-mapped_I/O
Family of operating systems for IBM PC compatibles
from extended memory, access to the 65,520-byte high memory area directly above the first megabyte of memory and the upper memory block area. Generally XMS
DOS
INT 13h handler to monitor disk activity and copies itself to the upper memory area. If the system is booting from an infected hard drive, the virus reads
AntiEXE
opened or closed lower, upper, and video memory access, to block the lower 64K of memory. Loads a program into the upper memory area. The command is available
List_of_DOS_commands
ULA—Uncommitted Logic Array ULSI—Ultra Large Scale Integration UMA—Upper Memory Area UMB—Upper Memory Block UML—Unified Modeling Language UML—User-Mode Linux UMPC—Ultra-Mobile
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
to areas of the brain that are associated with memory storage, such as the hippocampus. Finally, the retrieval of information from long-term memory can
Memory
DOS device driver
version 3.0. Conventional memory Extended memory High memory area Upper memory area EMM386 Memory management LOADALL "FreeDOS command: Himemx". "EMM386
HIMEM.SYS
Device driver in MS-DOS
memory on Intel 80386 CPUs. There also is an EMM386.EXE available in FreeDOS. EMM386.EXE can map memory into unused blocks in the upper memory area (UMA)
EMM386
Disk compression utility
in addition to its supporting the use of the Upper Memory Area – also permitted the use of Extended Memory for some of its buffers (reducing the driver's
DriveSpace
Paris-based software company
of conventional memory by utilizing the memory virtualization features of i386 to remap the Upper memory area into the High memory area in addition to
BVRP
Memory manager produced by Quarterdeck Office Systems
QEMM provides access to the Upper Memory Area (UMA) and memory through the Expanded Memory Specification (EMS), Extended Memory Specification (XMS), Virtual
QEMM
Virtual 8086 mode Conventional memory Extended memory (XMS) Expanded memory (EMS) High Memory Area (HMA) Upper Memory Area (UMA) "Redirecting…". "Original
CEMM
in addition to its supporting the use of the Upper Memory Area - also permitted the use of Extended Memory for some of its buffers (reducing the driver's
Double_Tools_for_DoubleSpace
Minor Outlying Islands (postal symbol; ISO 3166 digram) UMA – (i) Upper Memory Area UMB – (i) University of Maryland, Baltimore UMBC – (i) University
List_of_acronyms:_U
Technique to increase usable memory
by letting it appear piecewise in a 64 KB "window" located in the Upper Memory Area. The 64 KB is divided into four 16 KB "pages" which can each be independently
Bank_switching
Vacuum-tube 1950s computer system
Tape Unit IBM 838 Inquiry Station Rotating drum memory provided 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 words of memory at addresses 0000 to 0999, 1999, or 3999 respectively
IBM_650
Type of computer memory
silicon area and cost. Typically, SRAM is used for the cache and internal registers of a CPU while DRAM is used for a computer's main memory. Semiconductor
Static_random-access_memory
Type of cyclone occurring in the northern Atlantic coast of North America
70 °F (21 °C) even mid-winter, often causes low-pressure areas to develop and intensify. In the upper atmosphere, the strong winds of the jet stream remove
Nor'easter
Hardware that translates virtual addresses to physical addresses
maximum memory of the computer architecture, 32 or 64 bits. The MMU maps the addresses from each program into separate areas in physical memory, which
Memory_management_unit
Western sub-region of eThekwini, South Africa
The Upper Highway Area is a suburban region situated west of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The region forms part of the eThekwini Metropolitan
Upper_Highway_Area
Short and simple version of a method
conventional memory by self-relocating resident drivers which move most of themselves into upper memory, the high memory area, expanded or extended memory as well
Method_stub
Neighborhood in New York City
north. Like the Upper East Side on the opposite side of Central Park, the Upper West Side is an affluent, primarily residential area with many of its
Upper_West_Side
Theory of memory recall
Reconstructive memory is a theory of memory recall, in which the act of remembering is influenced by various other cognitive processes including perception
Reconstructive_memory
Database management system that primarily relies on main memory for computer data storage
An in-memory database (IMDb, or main memory database system (MMDB) or memory resident database) is a database management system that primarily relies on
In-memory_database
Municipality in Upper Austria, Austria
municipality in the Braunau district in Upper Austria, Austria. A monument was erected by the riverlet Moosach in memory of the slave workers engaged there
Sankt_Pantaleon
Early type of computer memory
electronic computer memory, delay-line memory was a refreshable memory, but as opposed to modern random-access memory, delay-line memory was sequential-access
Delay-line_memory
Computer memory used for small quantities of data
or E2PROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) is a type of non-volatile memory. It is used in computers, usually integrated in microcontrollers
EEPROM
Tendency of a processor to access nearby memory locations in space or time
performance if it uses memory while it is cached in the upper levels of the memory hierarchy and avoids bringing other data into the upper levels of the hierarchy
Locality_of_reference
Feature of computer systems
Direct memory access (DMA) is a feature of many computer systems that allows certain hardware subsystems to access main system memory independently of
Direct_memory_access
Cemetery in Rostov oblast, Russia
(Russian: Верхне-Гниловское кладбище, "Upper Gnilovskoy cemetery") is a cemetery in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. In 2015, areas of the cemetery were described as
Verkhne-Gnilovskoye_Cemetery
Data storage device
(also known as a thumb drive) is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated USB interface. A typical USB drive is removable, rewritable
USB_flash_drive
Computer fault caused by access to restricted memory
hardware with memory protection, notifying an operating system (OS) that the software has attempted to access a restricted area of memory (a memory access violation)
Segmentation_fault
2004 video game
are told that the castle causes visitors to lose their memories upon entering. The lobby and areas between floors have a flower theme, and each floor is
Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories
Kingdom_Hearts:_Chain_of_Memories
Planned semiconductor fabrication plant
(AI) compute capacity per year. It aims to produce integrated circuits, memory modules and multi-chip modules under one roof by consolidating every stage
Terafab
American memory disorder patient
about memory impairment and amnesia, but also because it was thought his exact brain surgery allowed a good understanding of how particular areas of the
Henry_Molaison
Cognitive process
the process of committing something to memory. It is a mental process undertaken in order to store in memory for later recall visual, auditory, or tactical
Memorization
2002 series of coordinated shootings in the Washington, D.C. area
over three weeks in October 2002 throughout the Washington metropolitan area, consisting of the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia. These were
D.C._sniper_attacks
American psychology researcher
researcher in the area of human learning and memory. He rose to prominence for his work on the psychological aspects of false memories. Born in Roanoke
Henry_L._Roediger_III
Doom II map
the other areas as well as two endings. Areas often retain some of the house's architectural features and/or layout. The layouts of the upper floor, basement
MyHouse.wad
Municipality in Upper Austria, Austria
Mauthausen is a small market town in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. It is located at about 20 kilometres east of the city of Linz. The town lies
Mauthausen,_Upper_Austria
Operating system by Apple
a modern successor to the aging System 7, Copland introduced protected memory, preemptive multitasking, and several new underlying operating system features
Copland_(operating_system)
Large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex
sensory perception, memory, thoughts and judgement; the cerebrum also functions as the center of voluntary motor activities. Upper motor neurons in the
Cerebrum
District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia
districts of the city of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. It is located in the upper part of the city on the high right bank of the Oka River and has a land
Prioksky_City_District
The relationship between sleep and memory has been studied since at least the early 19th century. Memory, the cognitive process of storing and retrieving
Sleep_and_memory
Genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany
Aleida (2010). "The Holocaust – a Global Memory? Extensions and Limits of a New Memory Community". Memory in a Global Age: Discourses, Practices and
The_Holocaust
Memory hierarchy concept applied to CPU caches with multiple levels
Cache hierarchy, or multi-level cache, is a memory architecture that uses a hierarchy of memory stores based on varying access speeds to cache data. Highly
Cache_hierarchy
Town in North Ayrshire, Scotland
substantial memorial stone with interpretation plaques were dedicated to his memory in Beith town centre close to the site of the house in New Street where
Beith
Early form of computer memory
enough to produce dots with a usable lifetime. This places an upper limit on the memory density, and each Williams tube could typically store about 256
Williams_tube
Region of the brain that processes visual information
long-term memory. The dorsal stream begins with V1, goes through Visual area V2, then to the dorsomedial area (DM/V6) and middle temporal area (MT/V5) and
Visual_cortex
Cognitive bias about one's own skill
fields such as business, politics, medicine, driving, aviation, spatial memory, examinations in school, and literacy. The effect is usually measured by
Dunning–Kruger_effect
Historical region of Central Europe
exclusively to this area (also called Górny Śląsk or Upper Silesia). As well as the Katowice area, historical Upper Silesia also includes the Opole region (Poland's
Silesia
Type of explicit memory
have similar attributes. Next came attempts to determine the upper limits of recognition memory, a task that Standing (1973) endeavored. He determined that
Recognition_memory
State-owned protected area in Pennsylvania, US
State Forest at the northern edge of the wild area is known as Noble-Chambers Memorial Forest in their memory. Although Fergus reports entering a bunker
Quehanna_Wild_Area
Council area of Scotland
Melrose and Leaderfoot Viaduct. The Upper Tweeddale National Scenic Area covers the scenery surrounding the upper part of the River Tweed between Broughton
Scottish_Borders
Anomaly in computer security and programming
buffer beyond the buffer's allocated memory, overwriting adjacent memory locations. Buffers are areas of memory set aside to hold data, often while moving
Buffer_overflow
Effort being used in the working memory
cognitive psychology, cognitive load is the effort being used in the working memory. According to work conducted in the field of instructional design and pedagogy
Cognitive_load
Numeric value with an unclear meaning
to mark areas of memory that were essentially empty, some of these terms came to be used in phrases meaning "gone, aborted, flushed from memory"; e.g.
Magic_number_(programming)
been larger than all previous empires was that of Upper and Lower Egypt, which covered ten times the area of the previous largest civilisation around the
List_of_largest_empires
One of the four lobes of the mammalian brain
amnesia. Contralateral homonymous upper quadrantanopia (sector anopsia) Complex hallucinations (smell, sound, vision, memory) Receptive aphasia Wernicke's
Temporal_lobe
Nonlinear two-terminal fundamental circuit element
an upper bound and M fixed, thus acting as a constant resistor until current is reversed. Memory applications of thin-film oxides had been an area of
Memristor
Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790
Joseph II, these forged works have erroneously augmented the emperor's memory for centuries.These legendary quotations have created a larger-than-life
Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
Data structure for approximate set membership
With sufficient memory, an error-free hash could be used to eliminate all unnecessary disk accesses; on the other hand, with limited memory, Bloom's technique
Bloom_filter
Former slum in Hong Kong
converted into a coastal fort in 1847 to reinforce Chinese authority in the area after the cession of Hong Kong Island to Britain. The 1898 Convention that
Kowloon_Walled_City
2023 video game
Assassins use a blood sample provided by Basim Ibn Ishaq to relive his memories during the age of the Abbasid Caliphate. In 861 CE, Basim is a young street
Assassin's_Creed_Mirage
Novel type of computer memory
Electrochemical Random-Access Memory (ECRAM) is a type of non-volatile memory (NVM) with multiple levels per cell (MLC) designed for deep learning analog
Electrochemical_RAM
Type of information
to increase with age. General knowledge is stored as semantic memory. Most semantic memory is preserved through old age, though there are deficits in retrieval
General_knowledge
Computer storage device with no moving parts
driven storage medium. SSDs rely on non-volatile memory, typically NAND flash, to store data in memory cells. The performance and endurance of SSDs vary
Solid-state_drive
1988 American science-fiction film
defunct warehouse in "Zone 7", a particularly dangerous, lawless area. With Cherry's memory disk stored in a device that plays back Cherry's voice, Sam hires
Cherry_2000
Topics referred to by the same term
glass type of non-volatile random-access memory Parameter RAM, an area of non-volatile random-access memory used to store system settings on Apple's Macintosh
Pram
Instructions directly executable by a computer
at the start of the data area in contiguous sectors containing a secondary loader to load the remainder of the file into memory (requiring SYS to take care
Machine_code
IBM computer family (1964–1977)
of program interruption. A memory (called storage) subsystem with: 8 bits per byte A special processor communication area starting at address 0 24-bit
IBM_System/360
Network which provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage
A storage area network (SAN) or storage network is a computer network which provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage. SANs are primarily
Storage_area_network
American murderer (1927–2001)
dead body of Roxanne Hayes; she had been stabbed multiple times in the upper body. Hayes was a mother of three. Mary Vincent traveled from California
Lawrence_Singleton
Psychological defense mechanism
a theorized psychological behavior in which people may forget unwanted memories, either consciously or unconsciously. It is an example of a defence mechanism
Motivated_forgetting
Areas protected by legislation in South Australia
September 2013. ISSN 1832-9357. Retrieved 17 March 2014. "Memory Cove Wilderness Protection Area Management Plan". Department of Environment Water and Natural
Protected areas of South Australia
Protected_areas_of_South_Australia
Ancient mythical people in Russian and Finnish folklore
Onega, part of Arkhangelsk Oblast) has preserved the memory of the Chud who used to live in these areas. Among the surviving legends about the Chud in Verkhokamye
Chud_(folklore)
Protestant fraternal order based in Northern Ireland
historyireland.com. Retrieved 25 March 2026. Ian McBride (2001). History and Memory in Modern Ireland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-79366-1. Lenihan
Orange_Order
Flash memory card format
The SD card is a proprietary, non-volatile, flash memory card format developed by the SD Association (SDA). They come in three physical forms: the full-size
SD_card
Nilotic ethnic group native to South Sudan
region of Bahr el Ghazal, Upper Nile (two out of three provinces that were formerly part of southern Sudan), and the Abyei area of the Ngok Dinka in South
Dinka_people
Memory management mechanism
Slab allocation is a memory management mechanism intended for the efficient memory allocation of objects. In comparison with earlier mechanisms, it reduces
Slab_allocation
Province of Canada
who explored the Georgian Bay area in 1610–1612, mapped Southern Ontario and called the region the Pays d'en Haut ("Upper Country"), in reference to the
Ontario
Way in which data is arranged and accessed in computer memory
structure alignment is the way data is arranged and accessed in computer memory. It consists of three separate but related issues: data alignment, data
Data_structure_alignment
Open-source CPU instruction set architecture
a memory-mapped I/O device. Using the constant zero register as a base address allows single instructions to access memory near address zero. Memory is
RISC-V
Computer program that returns control to a non-multitasking OS without exiting
and later EMM386 by Microsoft. The memory areas usable for loading TSRs above 640 KB are called "upper memory blocks" (UMBs) and loading programs into
Terminate-and-stay-resident program
Terminate-and-stay-resident_program
protected areas in Adelaide refers to protected areas proclaimed by South Australian government which are located within the Adelaide metropolitan area. The
List of protected areas in Adelaide
List_of_protected_areas_in_Adelaide
Object which stores memory addresses in a computer program
languages that stores a memory address. This can be that of another value located in computer memory, or in some cases, that of memory-mapped computer hardware
Pointer (computer programming)
Pointer_(computer_programming)
travel, tourism, insurance
UPPER MEMORY-AREA
UPPER MEMORY-AREA
UPPER MEMORY-AREA
UPPER MEMORY-AREA
UPPER MEMORY-AREA
UPPER MEMORY-AREA
UPPER MEMORY-AREA
UPPER MEMORY-AREA
UPPER MEMORY-AREA
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