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Group of Semitic Languages
The West Semitic languages are a proposed major sub-grouping of Semitic languages, the other being the long-extinct East Semitic languages division. The
West_Semitic_languages
Proposed group of Semitic languages
The Central Semitic languages comprise one of the two groups of West Semitic languages, the other being the South Semitic languages. They are therefore
Central_Semitic_languages
Division of the Semitic languages of the Levant
Northwest Semitic is a division of the Semitic languages comprising indigenous languages of the Levant. It emerged from Proto-Semitic in the Early Bronze
Northwest_Semitic_languages
Subgroup of the Semitic languages
The East Semitic languages are one of three branches of the Semitic language family. This branch is known from three languages, Akkadian, Eblaite, and
East_Semitic_languages
Family of languages spoken in Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Sudan
the western branch of the South Semitic languages, itself a sub-branch of Semitic, part of the Afroasiatic language family. With 57,500,000 total speakers
Ethio-Semitic_languages
Residents of the ancient Near East until the end of antiquity
Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples or Proto-Semitic people were speakers of Semitic languages who lived throughout the ancient Near East and North Africa
Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples
Ancient_Semitic-speaking_peoples
Branch of the Afroasiatic languages
The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They include Arabic, Amharic, Tigrinya, Tigre, Aramaic, Hebrew, Maltese, Modern
Semitic_languages
Proposed Semitic branch of south Arabia and East Africa
South Semitic is a putative branch of the Semitic languages, which form a branch of the larger Afroasiatic language family, found in (North and East)
South_Semitic_languages
Hypothetical reconstructed proto-language
question marks, boxes, or other symbols. Proto-Semitic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Semitic languages. There is no consensus among scholars regarding
Proto-Semitic_language
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up semitic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Semitic most commonly refers to the Semitic languages, a name used since the 1770s to refer to the
Semitic
Large language family of Africa and West Asia
The Afroasiatic languages (also known as the Afro-Asiatic, Afrasian, Hamito-Semitic, or Semito-Hamitic languages) are a language family (or phylum) of
Afroasiatic_languages
Group of South Semitic languages of Arabia and Socotra
The Modern South Arabian languages, also known as Eastern South Semitic languages, are a group of endangered languages spoken by small populations inhabiting
Modern_South_Arabian
Writing system where each symbol stands for a consonant
Afroasiatic languages. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 2. ISBN 9780521865333. Speakers of Semitic languages, which belong
Abjad
Topics referred to by the same term
languages: Suret language, a modern West Semitic language that belongs to the Northeastern Neo-Aramaic branch Turoyo language, a modern West Semitic language
Assyrian_language
all Semitic languages, including the Ancient North Arabian languages, Ancient South Arabian languages, and Arabic (being a Central Semitic language). The
Languages of pre-Islamic Arabia
Languages_of_pre-Islamic_Arabia
Extinct Semitic language used in the third millennium BC
present in Akkadian, with incontestable lexical similarities to West Semitic languages such as Hebrew or Aramaic. Excavations were directed by Professor
Eblaite_language
of languages List of countries and territories by official language World language Languages used on the Internet Extinct language Official languages of
List of languages by total number of speakers
List_of_languages_by_total_number_of_speakers
Large dialect continuum from the Levant and Mesopotamia
Ugaritic and Amorite languages. These closely related languages originated in the Levant and Upper Mesopotamia. Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples spoke
Canaanite_languages
2005) was a prominent scholar of Semitic languages and one of the foremost authorities on North-West Semitic languages. Born in Prague, then Czechoslovakia
Stanislav_Segert
Reconstructed ancestor of the Afroasiatic language family
Proto-Hamito-Semitic, Proto-Semito-Hamitic, and Proto-Afrasian, is the hypothetical proto-language from which all modern Afroasiatic languages are descended
Proto-Afroasiatic_language
Hypothetical unclassified languages of late Neolithic Mesopotamia
unclassified language or languages which were considered by some Assyriologists (such as Samuel Noah Kramer) to be substratum languages, spoken by the
Pre-Sumerian_substratum
Genealogical position of Arabic varieties
Arabic within the group of Semitic languages has long been an active area of research. Historically, the Semitic languages originated in a relatively
Classification of Arabic languages
Classification_of_Arabic_languages
Royal title of Ethiopia and Eritrea, equivalent to "king"
Negus is the word for "king" in the Ethiopian Semitic languages and a title which was usually bestowed upon a regional ruler by the Negusa Nagast, or
Negus
Ancient languages spoken by the Philistines
the original language of the Philistines to relate it confidently to any other languages. Possible relations to Indo-European languages, even Mycenaean
Philistine_language
Extinct ancient Phoenician language
language of the Northwest Semitic branch of the Semitic languages. An offshoot of the Phoenician language of coastal West Asia (modern Lebanon and north
Punic_language
Hypothetical ancestor language of Arabic varieties
Zaborski, A. (2000). "Inflected Article in Proto-Arabic and Some Other West Semitic Languages". Asian and African Studies. 9 (1): 24–35. ISSN 1335-1257. v t e
Proto-Arabic_language
Arabic dialect spoken in medieval Sicily
superstrate influence from Romance languages. By contrast, present-day Sicilian, which is an Italo-Dalmatian language, retains relatively little Siculo-Arabic
Siculo-Arabic
Script used to write the Greek language
Phoenician alphabet, one of the closely related scripts used for the West Semitic languages, calling it Φοινικήια γράμματα 'Phoenician letters'. However, the
Greek_alphabet
Extinct Semitic language of Mesopotamia
prepositions is unknown. The Semitic languages are further grouped by most linguists into the Afroasiatic macrofamily of languages, meaning that Akkadian is
Akkadian_language
Family of ancient Semitic languages
Arabian languages are a hypothetical family of ancient Semitic languages represented in the Ancient North Arabian scripts. Among the languages of pre-Islamic
Ancient North Arabian languages
Ancient_North_Arabian_languages
British archaeologist, scholar, and curator (1929–2019)
Antiquities at the British Museum from 1985 to 1989. He specialised in West Semitic languages, Near Eastern archaeology, and also took an interest in Biblical
Terence_Mitchell
Northwest Semitic language
Hebrew is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by
Hebrew_language
Language family native to Eurasia
the Semitic languages, which belong to the Afroasiatic language family. The analysis of the family relationships between the Indo-European languages, and
Indo-European_languages
Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Ethiopia
Afroasiatic language of the Semitic branch spoken in Ethiopia. It is one of the Gurage languages in the Ethiopian Semitic group. The Zay language has around
Zay_language
Semitic language spoken in Eritrea
Semitic languages according to Hudson 2013". Research Gate. Retrieved 21 April 2025. "Title=Issies in mapping and classifying the Semitic languages of
Dahalik_language
Twentieth letter of the Latin alphabet
western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is tee (pronounced /ˈtiː/ ), plural tees. It is derived from the Semitic Taw 𐤕 of the
T
Modern varieties of the Aramaic language
vernacular (spoken) languages of modern Aramaic-speaking communities. Within the field of Aramaic studies, classification of Neo-Aramaic languages has been a subject
Neo-Aramaic_languages
Extinct ancient Semitic language
Amorite is an extinct early Semitic language, formerly spoken during the Bronze Age by the Amorite tribes prominent in ancient Near Eastern history. It
Amorite_language
Grammatical tense denoting a past event
perfect. In the course of time the preterite fell into disuse in all West Semitic languages, leaving traces such as the "imperfect with waw-consecutive" in
Preterite
Semitic-speaking ethnic group in Ethiopia
different Ethiopian Semitic languages, collectively known as Gurage languages, within the Semitic family of the Afroasiatic language family. Earlier they
Gurage_people
Cushitic language
Cushitic language and among the five languages of Africa with the largest mother-tongue populations. Oromo serves as one of the official working languages of
Oromo_language
writing have been dated back to the 2nd millennium BC among a community of West Semitic laborers in the Sinai Peninsula. Exposed to the idea of writing through
History_of_the_alphabet
Persistent representation of language
Sinai Peninsula c. 1800 BC to write West Semitic languages, "in the context of cultural exchanges between Semitic-speaking people from the Levant and
Writing
Linguistic root in Semitic languages
noun formed from the root means "liver", "interior", "soul" in most Semitic languages. The Akkadian word for liver is spelled with the sumerogram 𒂂, transliterated
K-B-D
Spanish classicist
mythology, Ancient Mediterranean religions, Greek language and literature, North-West Semitic languages and literatures, and cultural exchange. She has
Carolina_López-Ruiz
Group of four extinct languages and possibly three modern languages
Arabian languages were originally classified (partly on the basis of geography) as South Semitic, along with Modern South Arabian and Ethiopian Semitic; more
Ancient_South_Arabian
Stele inscribed in Aramaic referencing the House of David
compound words are used elsewhere in the inscription and generally in West Semitic languages, so it is possible that the phrase was treated as a compound word
Tel_Dan_stele
South Semitic language of Socotra, Yemen
Soqotri is a South Semitic language spoken by the Soqotrans on the islands of the Socotra Archipelago in Yemen. Soqotri is one of six languages that form a group
Soqotri_language
Ṣayhadic language spoken in Yemen
Geʽez language however is no longer considered to be a descendant of Sabaic or of Sayhadic; and there is linguistic evidence that Semitic languages were
Sabaic
Ethio-Semitic language
an Ethio-Semitic language, which is a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. It is spoken as a first language by the Habesha
Amharic
Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia and Eritrea
rules as Tigrigna, is an Ethio-Semitic language, which is a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. It is primarily spoken by
Tigrinya_language
Ancient Semitic language of the Mediterranean, specifically present-day Lebanon
to Ancient Near Eastern Languages. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 315–316. ISBN 978-1-119-19380-7. Dictionary of the North-West Semitic Inscriptions: M-T Front
Phoenician_language
Writing system used c. 1050 to 146 BC
Phoenicians but, rather, was an adaptation of the early West Semitic alphabet to the needs of their own language". Howard, Michael C. (2012). Transnationalism in
Phoenician_alphabet
Extinct branch of Indo-European languages
Anatolian languages are an extinct branch of Indo-European languages that were spoken in Anatolia (modern Turkey). The best known Anatolian language is Hittite
Anatolian_languages
Semitic language spoken in the Horn of Africa
symbols. Tigre (ትግሬ, Təgré), also known as Tigrayit (ትግራይት), is an Ethio-Semitic language spoken in the Horn of Africa, primarily by the Tigre people of Eritrea
Tigre_language
Central Semitic language
classification of Semitic language sub-groups. The Semitic languages changed between Proto-Semitic and the emergence of Central Semitic languages, particularly
Arabic
Semitic languages. Northwest Semitic contains the Aramaic and Canaanite languages; the latter groups includes Phoenician—Punic, the Ammonite language
Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions
Canaanite_and_Aramaic_inscriptions
Custom or tradition that distinguishes one group from another
how it worked is not known; it has long been debated by scholars of Semitic languages. It may have been quite subtle: the men of Ephraim were unlikely to
Shibboleth
Ancient Semitic language
an ancient Semitic language which was the written language of the Amarna letters from Canaan, Alashiya and Amurru. It is a mixed language with mainly
Canaano-Akkadian_language
Gurage language spoken in Ethiopia
("Seven houses") is an Ethio-Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken in Ethiopia. One of the Gurage languages, Sebat Bet is divided into
Sebat_Bet_Gurage_language
Semitic language
creation and adaptation of specific writing systems in some other Semitic languages of West Asia, such as the Hebrew alphabet and the Arabic alphabet. Early
Aramaic
Group of Aramaic dialects from the Levant
Suecana. 61: 21–29. Weninger, Stefan (2012). "Aramaic-Arabic Language Contact". The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook. Berlin-Boston: Walter de Gruyter
Western_Aramaic_languages
Afroasiatic languages (in older sources Hamito-Semitic) are represented in Asia by the Semitic branch. Semitic languages are spoken in West Asia, and include
Languages_of_Asia
Extinct Northwest Semitic language of the northern Levant
third known as the Kuttamuwa stele, unearthed in 2008. Among the Semitic languages, Samalian shows most similarities to Aramaic. It has been earlier
Samalian_language
Extinct Semitic language of Ethiopia
The Mesmes language is an extinct West Gurage language, one of the Ethiopian Semitic languages spoken in Ethiopia. There are still many people who claim
Mesmes_language
Structured system of communication
(dichotomy) established between languages and dialects. Natural languages are spoken, signed, or both; however, any language can be encoded into secondary
Language
Family of languages and dialects Indigenous to North Africa
Tifinagh letters. The Berber languages (also known as the Amazigh languages or Tamazight) are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They comprise a
Berber_languages
Ancient Semitic language of Edom (Jordan)
Edomite was a Northwest Semitic Canaanite language spoken by the Edomites in Idumea (modern-day southwestern Jordan and parts of Israel) in the 2nd and
Edomite_language
Dialect of Middle Aramaic
Briquel-Chatonnet, Françoise (2012). "Syriac as the Language of Eastern Christianity". The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook. Berlin-Boston: Walter
Syriac_language
in the Sinai Peninsula to write West Semitic languages c. 1800 BC, "in the context of cultural exchanges between Semitic-speaking people from the Levant
History_of_writing
10th century Semitic dialect of Yemen
(Sayhadic) languages according to Christian Robin or was, as more widely accepted, not a distinct language from Sabaic. The precise position inside Semitic is
Himyaritic_language
Branch of the Afroasiatic languages
made by Blench (2008). Chadic West Chadic the Hausa, Ron, Bole, and Angas languages the Bade, Warji, and Zaar languages Biu–Mandara (Central Chadic) the
Chadic_languages
Nineteenth letter of the Latin alphabet
western European languages and other Latin alphabets worldwide. Its name in English is ess (pronounced /ˈɛs/ ), plural esses. Northwest Semitic šîn represented
S
Afroasiatic languages with a significant number of speakers include the Cushitic Sidamo, Afar, Hadiyya and Agaw languages, as well as the Semitic Gurage languages
Languages_of_Ethiopia
Mesopotamian goddess
Non-Hurrian non-Ugaritic attestations of Nikkal from areas where West Semitic languages were spoken in the second and first millennia BCE are very infrequent
Ningal
Extinct Semitic language of Ethiopia
The Gafat language is an extinct Ethio-Semitic language once spoken by the Gafat people along the Blue Nile in Ethiopia, and later, speakers pushed south
Gafat_language
Ancient Semitic language of Moab (Jordan)
dialect of the Canaanite languages, themselves a branch of Northwest Semitic languages, formerly spoken in the region described in the Bible as Moab (modern
Moabite_language
Language family
Northeast Caucasian languages, also called East Caucasian, Nakh-Daghestani, Vainakh-Daghestani, North Caspian, or sometimes Caspian languages (from the Caspian
Northeast_Caucasian_languages
Neo-Aramaic varieties
Other Semitic languages that have borrowed the word from Akkadian may be noted as well. UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger Suret language at
Suret_language
Language family of Ethiopia and Sudan
The Omotic languages are a traditionally recognized but disputed grouping of languages spoken mainly in southwestern Ethiopia, around the Omo River region
Omotic_languages
Modern South Arabian language of southwest Oman
World's Languages in Danger" pp. 186–7, 2010. Rubin, A.D. (2014). The Jibbali (Shaḥri) Language of Oman: Grammar and Texts. Studies in Semitic Languages and
Shehri_language
Endangered Semitic language of Oman and Yemen
Arabian languages (MSAL), a group of South Semitic languages spoken in the southern Arabian Peninsula. A severely-endangered Semitic language on the verge
Hobyot
Semitic language of Ethiopia
postvocalically. The basic syllable structure of Muher is C(C)V(C)(C) Like many Semitic languages, Muher has triconsonantal roots for verbs and nominals. Personal pronouns
Muher_language
Ancient South Semitic language
ancestor of modern Ethio-Semitic languages but became a separate language early on from another hypothetical unattested common language. /æ/ in the Amharic
Geʽez
Extinct Northwest Semitic language
written in Akkadian cuneiform syllables, (c) comparison with other West-Semitic languages, for example Hebrew and Arabic, (d) generalized vocalization rules
Ugaritic
Middle Bronze Age script
glyphs appeared to be early versions of the signs used for later Semitic languages such as Phoenician, and was able to assign sound values and reconstructed
Proto-Sinaitic_script
divisions of France for details): Amerindian languages in French Guiana French-based creole languages in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint
Languages_of_France
Modern South Arabian language
most spoken language of the MSAL group, a subgroup of the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic family. It is one of six distinct languages within the MSAL
Mehri_language
Seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet
tail hanging down. /q/ is a sound common to Semitic languages, but not found in many European languages. In common with other glyphs derived from the
Q
Cushitic languages in Ethiopia and Eritrea
main substratum influence on Amharic and other Ethio-Semitic languages. The Central Cushitic languages are classified as follows (after Appleyard): Awngi
Agaw_languages
of the most widely spoken Afroasiatic languages include Arabic (a Semitic language, and a recent arrival from West Asia), Somali (Cushitic), Berber (Berber)
Languages_of_Africa
Mesopotamian god representing the Amorites
tutelary deity. Amurru's newfound popularity among speakers of West Semitic languages is also attested in the late sources from Babylonia, where he is
Amurru_(god)
Language policy in the Soviet Union
The languages of the Soviet Union consist of hundreds of different languages and dialects from several different language groups. In 1922, it was decreed
Languages_of_the_Soviet_Union
Academic journal
a journal from the University of Chicago's Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations. It currently publishes twice a year, in April and October
Journal of Near Eastern Studies
Journal_of_Near_Eastern_Studies
Ancient inscription containing name known from Hebrew Bible
Biblical Studies describes it as "the oldest example of a book in a West Semitic language written with an alphabet, and the oldest piece of Aramaic literature
Deir_Alla_inscription
Branch of Afroasiatic native to East Africa
speaking Cushitic languages to the north in Egypt and Sudan, and to the south in Kenya and Tanzania. As of 2012, the Cushitic languages with over one million
Cushitic_languages
Ancient Semitic language of Yemen
one of the four better-documented languages of the Old South Arabian (or "Ṣayhadic") sub-group of South Semitic, was spoken mainly but not exclusively
Qatabānian_language
American biblical scholar (born 1956)
Lambdin, William Moran, and Michael D. Coogan. Primarily studying West Semitic languages and literatures, including the Hebrew Bible, Smith took an M.A.
Mark_S._Smith
Canaanite god
word belongs to a set of cognates meaning 'death' in other Semitic and Afro-Asiatic languages: Arabic موت mawt; Hebrew מות (mot or mavet; ancient Hebrew
Mot_(god)
Semitic language spoken in Oman
Harsusi: [ħʌrsiːjət]), is a Semitic language of Oman, spoken by the Harasis people. It is classified as a moribund language, with an estimated 600-1000
Ḥarsusi_language
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