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Chemical compound
Xanthine (/ˈzænθiːn/ or /ˈzænθaɪn/, from Ancient Greek ξανθός xanthós 'yellow' for its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic
Xanthine
Class of enzymes
Xanthine oxidase (XO or XAO) is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species. These enzymes catalyze the
Xanthine_oxidase
Substance inhibiting xanthine oxidase
A xanthine oxidase inhibitor is any substance that inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. In humans, inhibition
Xanthine_oxidase_inhibitor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Xanthine dehydrogenase, also known as XDH, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XDH gene. Xanthine dehydrogenase belongs to the group of
Xanthine_dehydrogenase
Class of enzymes
Xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.22) is an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorolysis reaction xanthosine monophosphate PPi PPi phosphoribosyl
Xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
Xanthine_phosphoribosyltransferase
Organic compound
solution.[medical citation needed] The enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) catalyzes the formation of uric acid from xanthine and hypoxanthine. XO, which is found in
Uric_acid
Chemical compound
stimulants found in coffee, tea, and chocolate. It is a member of the xanthine family of alkaloids, which also includes theophylline and theobromine in
Paraxanthine
Medication
result in harm, this use has not been well studied. Allopurinol is in the xanthine oxidase inhibitor family of medications. Allopurinol was approved for medical
Allopurinol
Chemical compound
also known as 1,3-dimethyl-8-chloroxanthine, is a stimulant drug of the xanthine chemical class, with physiological effects similar to caffeine. Its main
8-Chlorotheophylline
catalyzes the chemical reaction [xanthine dehydrogenase] + glutathione disulfide ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } [xanthine oxidase] + 2 glutathione Thus
Enzyme-thiol transhydrogenase (glutathione-disulfide)
Enzyme-thiol_transhydrogenase_(glutathione-disulfide)
Overdose reaction to the xanthine alkaloid theobromine
Theobromine poisoning is an overdosage reaction to the xanthine alkaloid theobromine, found in coffee, chocolate, tea, cola beverages, and some other foods
Theobromine_poisoning
Bitter alkaloid of the cacao plant
Theobromine, a metabolite of caffeine, is processed in the liver into xanthine and methyluric acid, peaks in the blood 2–3 hours after ingestion due to
Theobromine
Pathological conditions of the kidney, impairing the organ's ability to filter blood
function of xanthine oxidase in the purine degradation pathway. Xanthine oxidase will degrade hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid. Xanthine is not
Kidney_disease
Nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides
groups on the complementary bases. Nucleobases such as adenine, guanine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, purine, 2,6-diaminopurine, and 6,8-diaminopurine may have
Nucleotide_base
Chemical compound
Pentoxifylline, also known as oxpentifylline, is a xanthine derivative used as a drug to treat muscle pain in people with peripheral artery disease. It
Pentoxifylline
Medical condition
as xanthine oxidase deficiency, is a rare genetic disorder causing the accumulation of xanthine. It is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme xanthine oxidase
Xanthinuria
Chemical compound
action of xanthine oxidase on xanthine. However, more frequently in purine degradation, xanthine is formed from oxidation of hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidoreductase
Hypoxanthine
Excess uric acid in the blood
of hypoxanthine and xanthine via the acceleration of adenine nucleotide degradation, and is a possible weak inhibitor of xanthine dehydrogenase. As a
Hyperuricemia
Protein domain
oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, α/β hammerhead domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain. Both aldehyde oxidase (AOX) and xanthine dehydrogenase
Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, a/b hammerhead domain
Aldehyde_oxidase_and_xanthine_dehydrogenase,_a/b_hammerhead_domain
Bronchiodilator
Diprophylline (INN) or dyphylline (USAN) (trade names Dilor, Lufyllin) is a xanthine derivative with bronchodilator and vasodilator effects. It is used in the
Diprophylline
Chemical reactions and pathways involving lysis of purine nucleotides
Guanase converts guanine to xanthine Xanthine oxidase (a form of xanthine oxidoreductase) catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid A nuclease frees
Purine_metabolism
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
Methylxanthines are chemical compounds which are derivatives of xanthine with one or more methyl groups, including: One methyl group: 1-Methylxanthine
Methylxanthines
Chemical compound
investigational new drug that is being evaluated for the treatment of gout. It is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. "Tigulixostat - LG Chem". AdisInsight. Springer Nature
Tigulixostat
Chemical compound, medication to treat gout
Use is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It inhibits xanthine oxidase, thus reducing production of uric acid in the body. Febuxostat
Febuxostat
Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a psychoactive stimulant drug. It can have both positive and negative effects on
Effect_of_caffeine_on_memory
Class of drugs
current standard treatments for Parkinson's disease. Several xanthines and non-xanthines are under development as potential anti-parkinsonism agents,
Adenosine A2A receptor antagonist
Adenosine_A2A_receptor_antagonist
Chemical compound
to xanthine and then to uric acid, and the reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme xanthine oxidase: Hypoxanthine Xanthine oxidase H2O, O2 H2O2 Xanthine Xanthine
Hydrogen_peroxide
Chemical compound
discovered that is not a xanthine derivative, instead being a triazoloquinazoline. Consequently, CGS-15943 has the advantage over most xanthine derivatives that
CGS-15943
Pharmaceutical drug classification
ATC code N06 Psychoanaleptics is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed
ATC_code_N06
Chemical compound
membrane monoamine transporter Decynium-22 Enzyme (inhibitors) XOTooltip Xanthine oxidase Allopurinol Amflutizole Benzbromarone Caffeic acid Cinnamaldehyde
DMPX
Chemical element with atomic number 42 (Mo)
of xanthine to uric acid, a process of purine catabolism, is catalyzed by xanthine oxidase, a molybdenum-containing enzyme. The activity of xanthine oxidase
Molybdenum
Species of tree
marketers. Natural sources of caffeine contain widely varying mixtures of xanthine alkaloids other than caffeine, including the cardiac stimulants theophylline
Guarana
Heterocyclic ligand that can complex molybdenum to form a Mo-cofactor
diphosphate nucleotide. Enzymes that contain the molybdopterin cofactor include xanthine oxidase, DMSO reductase, sulfite oxidase, and nitrate reductase. The only
Molybdopterin
Species of lactic acid bacteria
for the media. Tween 80, uracil and combinations of uracil, adenine, and xanthine are not required for growth. Subsp. Mesenteroides also require glutamic
Leuconostoc_mesenteroides
Topics referred to by the same term
of the sex chromosomes is absent Xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine Xylenol orange, a chemical indicator
XO
Any chemical compound containing an O2 ion (charge –1)
Complex I and Complex III), as well as several other enzymes, for example xanthine oxidase, which can catalyze the transfer of electrons directly to molecular
Superoxide
1932 dystopian novel by Aldous Huxley
Stimulants Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ritalin Nootropics Modafinil Piracetam Xanthine derivatives Caffeine Neurological Brain implant Brain–computer interface
Brave_New_World
Class of drugs
are xanthines and their derivatives (natural: caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine; and synthetic: PSB-1901), but there are also non-xanthine representatives
Adenosine_receptor_antagonist
Chemical compound
membrane monoamine transporter Decynium-22 Enzyme (inhibitors) XOTooltip Xanthine oxidase Allopurinol Amflutizole Benzbromarone Caffeic acid Cinnamaldehyde
7-Methylxanthine
Chemical compound
Enprofylline (3-propylxanthine) is a xanthine derivative used in the treatment of asthma, which acts as a bronchodilator. It acts primarily as a competitive
Enprofylline
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
Dimethylxanthine may refer to the following xanthine derivatives with the formula C7H8N4O2 (molar mass: 180.16 g/mol): Theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine)
Dimethylxanthine
Enzyme that aids in redox reactions involving O2
Some oxidation reactions, such as those involving monoamine oxidase or xanthine oxidase, typically do not involve free molecular oxygen. The oxidases are
Oxidase
Medical condition
be accomplished with use of uric acid lowering therapies. These include xanthine oxidase inhibitors such as allopurinol (preferred) or febuxostat. Allopurinol
Tumor_lysis_syndrome
Chemical compound
Oxipurinol (INN, or oxypurinol USAN) is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. It is an active metabolite of allopurinol and it is cleared renally. In cases
Oxipurinol
increase their levels in the body. Concerns that uptake of the protein xanthine oxidase is increased by homogenization, leading to hardening of the arteries
Raw milk movement in the United States
Raw_milk_movement_in_the_United_States
Index of chemical compounds with the same molecular formula
The molecular formula C8H10N4O2 may refer to: Enprofylline, a xanthine derivative used in the treatment of asthma. Caffeine, the world's most widely consumed
C8H10N4O2
Drug used to treat respiratory diseases
be used in combination with the SSRI fluvoxamine. Like other methylated xanthine derivatives, theophylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase
Theophylline
Chemical compound
Xanthosine is a nucleoside derived from xanthine and ribose. It is the biosynthetic precursor to 7-methylxanthosine by the action of 7-methylxanthosine
Xanthosine
Pharmaceutical compound
International Nonproprietary Name; developmental code name KW-6356) is a non-xanthine selective antagonist or inverse agonist of the adenosine A2A receptor that
Sipagladenant
Chemical compound
compound present in leaves of Piper betle. It is a more potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (IC50=16.7 μM) than allopurinol. It might be a useful new compound
Hydroxychavicol
Chemical compound
Benzbromarone is a uricosuric agent and weak non-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase used in the treatment of gout. It is a brominated analogue of the
Benzbromarone
Chemical compound
respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD. Like theophylline, it is a xanthine derivative. Doxophylline is used to treat chronic respiratory diseases
Doxofylline
Class of enzymes
following chemical reaction 7-Methylxanthine + NADH O2 + H+ H2O Xanthine + NAD+ + H2CO The four substrates of this enzyme are 7-methylxanthine
7-Methylxanthine_demethylase
American alternative medicine proponent and purveyor of anti-vaccination misinformation
evidence has failed to substantiate, and in many cases has refuted, the xanthine oxidase/plasmalogen depletion hypothesis." Mercola.com has featured positive
Joseph_Mercola
Index of chemical compounds with the same molecular formula
g/mol, exact mass: 152.0334 u) may refer to: Xanthine, a purine base Oxypurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase This set index page lists chemical structure
C5H4N4O2
Chemical compound of DNA and RNA
dioxide, and carbon monoxide. First, guanine gets deaminated to become xanthine. Guanine oxidizes more readily than adenine, the other purine-derivative
Guanine
Varieties of the color yellow
the Latin adjectival suffix -icus. The color "xanthic" is the color of Xanthine and Xanthate, both of which are xanthic acids.[citation needed] Lists of
Shades_of_yellow
Biological molecules constituting nucleic acids
GMP is split into the base guanine and ribose. Guanine is deaminated to xanthine which in turn is oxidized to uric acid. This last reaction is irreversible
Nucleotide
Central nervous system stimulant
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Methylphenidate
Medical condition
molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis causes absence of enzyme activity of xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase and aldehyde oxidase.[citation needed] When caused
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency
Molybdenum_cofactor_deficiency
Chemical compound
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Dibenzosuberenone
Succession of nucleotides in a nucleic acid
(I), ribothymidine (rT) and 7-methylguanosine (m7G). Hypoxanthine and xanthine are two of the many bases created through mutagen presence, both of them
Nucleic_acid_sequence
Class of chemical compounds
enzyme]]s: thiopurine methyltransferase (to give 6-methylmercaptopurine), xanthine oxidase (to give 6-thiouric acid], and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
Thiopurine
Chemical groups which can be substituted to enhance therapeutic activity of drugs
pharmacokinetic properties. Alloxanthine is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. It is also an isostere of xanthine, the normal substrate for the enzyme. Alloxanthine
Bioisostere
Class of CNS depressant drugs
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Benzodiazepine
Heterocyclic aromatic organic compound
is uracil instead of thymine. Other notable purines are hypoxanthine, xanthine, theophylline, theobromine, caffeine, uric acid and isoguanine. Aside from
Purine
Immunosuppressive medication
bone-marrow suppression. Other purine analogues, such as allopurinol, inhibit xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that breaks down azathioprine, thus increasing the
Azathioprine
1.3.4 L-Gulonolactone oxidase EC 1.1.3.8 Thiamine oxidase EC 1.1.3.23 Xanthine oxidase EC 1.1.3.32 Category:EC 1.1.4 (with a disulfide as acceptor) Category:EC
List_of_enzymes
Tropane alkaloid and stimulant drug
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Cocaine
Gamma-aminobutyric acid analog
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Gabapentin
Brewed drink made from tea leaves
Tea contains small amounts of theobromine and theophylline, which are xanthines and stimulants, similar to caffeine. The astringency in tea can be attributed
Tea
Chemical compound
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Azepino(4,5-b)indole
Chemical compound
Xanthosine monophosphate Names IUPAC name 5'-xanthylic acid Other names xanthine ribotide, XMP Identifiers CAS Number 523-98-8 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive
Xanthosine_monophosphate
South American holly plant
contain caffeine (known in some parts of the world as mateine) and related xanthine alkaloids, and are harvested commercially.[citation needed] The flowers
Yerba_mate
South Korean scientific misconduct scandal
Stimulants Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ritalin Nootropics Modafinil Piracetam Xanthine derivatives Caffeine Neurological Brain implant Brain–computer interface
Hwang_affair
Chemical compound
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
1-Aminotetralin
Class of pharmaceutical drugs
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Tetracyclic_antidepressant
Chemical stimulant produced by some plants
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Nicotine
Class of medications
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Tricyclic_antidepressant
Derivative of caffeine
8-Bromocaffeine is a derivative of caffeine (a xanthine class), which is used as a radiosensitizer in the radiotherapy of tumors to increase the sensitivity
8-Bromocaffeine
Drug discovery and development
first patents describing xanthines (Figure 10) as DPP-4 inhibitors came from Boehringer-Ingelheim(BI) and Novo Nordisk. When xanthine based DPP-4 inhibitors
Discovery and development of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
Discovery_and_development_of_dipeptidyl_peptidase-4_inhibitors
Formation of mineral deposits in the kidneys
restriction. People affected by xanthinuria often produce stones composed of xanthine. People affected by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency may produce
Kidney_stone_disease
Hallucinogenic class of psychoactive drug
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Psychedelic_drug
Class of chemical compounds
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Pyrrolidinophenone
Central nervous system stimulant
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Amphetamine
Chemical compound
seconds Excretion can leave cell intact or can be degraded to hypoxanthine, xanthine, and ultimately uric acid Identifiers IUPAC name (2R,3R,4S
Adenosine
Biological elevation of emotional well-being
Stimulants Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ritalin Nootropics Modafinil Piracetam Xanthine derivatives Caffeine Neurological Brain implant Brain–computer interface
Biohappiness
Chemical compound
8-Bromotheophylline is a diuretic drug of the xanthine class. It is the main active ingredient in pamabrom where it is sold as an over-the-counter medication
8-Bromotheophylline
Chemical compound
Thomas A.; Neil, Shannon M.; Miller, Richard L. (1970). "Guanine and Xanthine Phosphoribosyltransfer Activities of Lactobacillus casei and Escherichia
Phosphoribosyl_pyrophosphate
Monoamine neurotransmitter
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Serotonin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Brownstein M, Patterson D (March 1995). "Analysis of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase as possible candidate genes for autosomal recessive
Aldehyde_oxidase_1
Naturally occurring psychedelic compound
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Mescaline
Chemical compound
Reproterol is a short-acting β2 adrenoreceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma. It was patented in 1965 and came into medical use in 1977. Reproterol
Reproterol
Removal of an amino group from a molecule
C-to-T mutations. Deamination of guanine results in the formation of xanthine. Xanthine, however, still pairs with cytosine. Deamination of adenine results
Deamination
Substance used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease
tranquilizers and antihypertensives, antihistamines for nasal allergies, xanthines for asthma, and typical antipsychotics for psychosis. As of 2007, thousands
Medication
Chemical compound
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Benzazocine
Family of phenethylamine psychedelics
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
2C_(psychedelics)
Dried latex of the opium poppy containing narcotic compounds
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Opium
Class of drugs
analogues Phenylpiracetams Caffeine-type/adenosine receptor antagonists: Xanthines/methylxanthines Nicotine-type/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists:
Nitazenes
Rare genetic disorder
states – other than the kidney stones caused by accumulation of insoluble xanthine in lieu of uric acid. Similarly, uric acid does not penetrate the blood–brain
Lesch–Nyhan_syndrome
XANTHINE
XANTHINE
XANTHINE
XANTHINE
Male
English
Middle English form of Anglo-Saxon Eadric, EDRIC means "rich ruler."
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
The Servant of the Most Powerful
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, Australian, Danish, French, German, Swedish
Famous Warrior; Pearl; Feminine of Louis; Renowned in Battle
Boy/Male
Tamil
Humane
Boy/Male
Hindu
Worshipped by all divine beings
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Dear to God
Girl/Female
Tamil
Star
Boy/Male
English
Lives at the cave slope.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Calm, Composed
Girl/Female
Hindu
XANTHINE
XANTHINE
XANTHINE
XANTHINE
XANTHINE
n.
An alkaloidal ureide, C7H8N4O2, homologous with and resembling caffeine, produced artificially, and also extracted from cacao and chocolate (from Theobroma Cacao) as a bitter white crystalline substance; -- called also dimethyl xanthine.