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Proposed semiconductor implementation of quantum computers
The spin qubit quantum computer is a quantum computer based on controlling the spin of charge carriers (electrons and electron holes) in semiconductor
Spin_qubit_quantum_computer
Basic unit of quantum information
quantum computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information, the quantum version of the classic binary bit. A qubit
Qubit
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
of the two states, given by a probabilistic rule. If a quantum computer manipulates the qubit in a particular way, wave interference effects amplify the
Quantum_computing
Proposed quantum computer implementation
external motional states (for entanglement between qubits). The fundamental operations of a quantum computer have been demonstrated experimentally with the
Trapped-ion_quantum_computer
Quantum computing implementation
implementations of qubits, the quantum computer's equivalent of a traditional bit in a classic computer. Qubits refer to a two-state quantum mechanical system
Superconducting quantum computing
Superconducting_quantum_computing
Basic circuit in quantum computing
quantum circuit operating on a small number of qubits. Quantum logic gates are the building blocks of quantum circuits, like classical logic gates are for
Quantum_logic_gate
first 5-qubit quantum computer is now operational". VTTresearch.com. 2022-12-08. Retrieved 2023-06-09. "Finland launches a 20-qubit quantum computer – development
List_of_quantum_processors
with properties favorable to Spin qubit quantum computers. 14 June – IBM computer scientists report that a quantum computer produced better results for
Timeline of quantum computing and communication
Timeline_of_quantum_computing_and_communication
Principle of quantum mechanics
equation governing that system. An example is a qubit used in quantum information processing. A qubit state is most generally a superposition of the basis
Quantum_superposition
Information held in the state of a quantum system
noiseless coding theorem using the qubit. A theory of error-correction also developed, which allows quantum computers to make efficient computations regardless
Quantum_information
Type of quantum computer
make a quantum computer, two-qubit operations are also required. This is the role of electron spin in this design. Under A-gate control, the spin is transferred
Kane_quantum_computer
Cloud quantum computing platform
cloud-based quantum computing: qBraid and OVHCloud. The service was launched in May 2016 as the IBM Quantum Experience with a five-qubit quantum processor
IBM_Quantum_Platform
Process in quantum computing
any quantum superposition of this logical qubit with other qubits in the quantum computer, which would prevent it from being used to convey quantum information
Quantum_error_correction
Type of quantum computer built out of Rydberg atoms
atom quantum computer is a type of quantum computer built using Rydberg atoms; this type has many commonalities with trapped-ion quantum computers. As
Neutral_atom_quantum_computer
Quantum Mechanics in Neural Networks
meaning the number of qubits required for a given step depends on the number of inputs in a given layer. Since quantum computers are notorious for their
Quantum_neural_network
Networks connecting quantum processors
form of quantum bits, also called qubits, between physically separated quantum processors. A quantum processor is a machine able to perform quantum circuits
Quantum_network
Model of quantum computing
circuits, in which a computation is a sequence of quantum gates, measurements, initializations of qubits to known values, and possibly other actions. The
Quantum_circuit
Quantum physics-based metaheuristic for optimization problems
purchased an adiabatic quantum computer from D-Wave Systems with 512 qubits. An extensive study of its performance as quantum annealer, compared to some
Quantum_annealing
Physical phenomenon
D. D. (2005). "Teleportation of Electronic Many-Qubit States Encoded in the Electron Spin of Quantum Dots via Single Photons". Physical Review Letters
Quantum_teleportation
Quantum-mechanical version of computer memory
and "0"s), quantum memory stores a quantum state for later retrieval. These states hold useful computational information known as qubits. Unlike the
Quantum_memory
Computational benchmark
In quantum computing, quantum supremacy or quantum advantage is the goal of demonstrating that a programmable quantum computer can solve a problem that
Quantum_supremacy
Type of quantum computer
A topological quantum computer is a type of quantum computer. It utilizes anyons, a type of quasiparticle that occurs in two-dimensional systems. The anyons'
Topological_quantum_computer
Experimental technology level
Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing is characterized by quantum processors containing up to 1,000 qubits which are not advanced enough yet
Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing
Noisy_intermediate-scale_quantum_computing
Types of quantum information
two-state quantum system, used as a component of a computer system. A logical qubit is a physical or abstract qubit that performs as specified in a quantum algorithm
Physical_and_logical_qubits
Proposed spin-based quantum computer implementation
magnetic resonance quantum computing (NMRQC) is one of the several proposed approaches for constructing a quantum computer, that uses the spin states of nuclei
Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer
Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_quantum_computer
Quantum algorithm for integer factorization
(non-quantum) algorithms. However, beating classical computers may require quantum computers with millions of qubits due to the overhead caused by quantum
Shor's_algorithm
Physics phenomenon
Hilbert space of the two qubits. They provide examples of how quantum mechanics can violate Bell-type inequalities. For M > 2 qubits, the GHZ state is | G
Quantum_entanglement
Australian quantum computing technology company
Diraq is a quantum computing company developing quantum computers based on silicon spin qubits. The company was founded in 2022 as a spin-out from Australian
Diraq
terms of quantum physics. While the fundamental unit of classical information is the bit, the basic unit of quantum information is the qubit. Quantum sensing
List of companies involved in quantum computing, communication or sensing
List_of_companies_involved_in_quantum_computing,_communication_or_sensing
Change of basis applied in quantum computing
can be efficiently performed on a quantum computer. The quantum gates used in the circuit of n {\displaystyle n} qubits are the Hadamard gate and the dyadic
Quantum_Fourier_transform
Simulators of quantum mechanical systems
each ion acts as a tiny quantum magnet and is used as a qubit, the quantum equivalent of a "1" or a "0" in a conventional computer. In the benchmarking experiment
Quantum_simulator
Interdisciplinary research area
analyze classical data, sometimes called quantum-enhanced machine learning. QML algorithms use qubits and quantum operations to try to improve the space
Quantum_machine_learning
Forecasting rules for quantum computing
exponential in the number of qubits, it is therefore super exponential.", pp. 402–403: "The quantum computers will follow a quantum version of Moore's law,
Quantum computing scaling laws
Quantum_computing_scaling_laws
Point defect in diamonds
asymmetry enables optical spin-polarization, which initializes the quantum state of a qubit for quantum information processing or quantum sensing. To understand
Nitrogen-vacancy_center
Type of quantum circuit construction
Quantum gate teleportation is a quantum circuit construction where a gate is applied to target qubits by first applying the gate to an entangled state
Quantum_gate_teleportation
Technological development using the laws of quantum mechanics
A qubit is unable to be copied. Quantum computing uses a basic unit of information called a qubit in place of a classical computer bit. Qubits are
Quantum_engineering
Interdisciplinary theory behind quantum computing
progress in manufacturing quantum computers since the 2010s. Currently, it is possible to build a quantum computer with over 100 qubits, but the error rates
Quantum_information_science
Method of quantum computing
The one-way quantum computer, also known as measurement-based quantum computer (MBQC), is a method of quantum computing that first prepares an entangled
One-way_quantum_computer
tweezers) Quantum dot computer, spin-based (e.g. the Loss-DiVincenzo quantum computer) (qubit given by the spin states of trapped electrons) Quantum dot computer
List of proposed quantum registers
List_of_proposed_quantum_registers
Metric for a quantum computer's capabilities
defined its Quantum Volume metric because a classical computer's transistor count and a quantum computer's quantum bit count aren't the same. Qubits decohere
Quantum_volume
Paradigm of quantum computer
realize quantum operations and quantum gates. Each linear optical element equivalently applies a unitary transformation on a finite number of qubits. The
Linear optical quantum computing
Linear_optical_quantum_computing
2019 quantum processor by Google
superconducting quantum processor created by Google's Artificial Intelligence division. It has 53 qubits. In 2019, Google claimed first evidence of quantum supremacy
Sycamore_(processor)
Remote quantum processors for computation
5-qubit transmon processor, Quantum Inspire is the first platform in the world to provide online access to a fully programmable 2-qubit electron spin quantum
Cloud-based_quantum_computing
Loss of quantum coherence
(2023). "Semiconductor spin qubits". Reviews of Modern Physics. 95 025003. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.95.025003. "Quantum computers may be destroyed by high-energy
Quantum_decoherence
Computational complexity of quantum algorithms
Quantum complexity theory is the subfield of computational complexity theory that deals with complexity classes defined using quantum computers, a computational
Quantum_complexity_theory
Cryptography secured against quantum computers
"New qubit control bodes well for future of quantum computing". phys.org. Heger, Monica (2009-01-01). "Cryptographers Take On Quantum Computers". IEEE
Post-quantum_cryptography
Type of error correction in quantum computing
quantum computer enough information to correct errors. Peter Shor's original quantum error correcting code of 1995 used nine qubits. The five-qubit error
Five-qubit error correcting code
Five-qubit_error_correcting_code
Algorithm to be run on quantum computers
supercomputers using only a few hundred qubits. Quantum computers can also efficiently simulate topological quantum field theories. In addition to its intrinsic
Quantum_algorithm
Quantum algorithm
both classical computers and quantum computers to find the ground state of a given physical system. Given a guess or ansatz, the quantum processor calculates
Variational quantum eigensolver
Variational_quantum_eigensolver
Type of quantum information processing
adiabatic quantum computation. The Hamiltonians for the QMA-complete problem can also be restricted to act on a two dimensional grid of qubits or a line
Adiabatic_quantum_computation
responsible for the power of quantum computers. Mølmer–Sørensen gate (or MS gate), is a two qubit gate used in trapped ion quantum computing. It was proposed
Glossary_of_quantum_computing
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
This should not be confused with the idea of a qubit from quantum information theory, because a qubit can be in a superposition of values, whilst the
Relational_quantum_mechanics
Foundational object in quantum communication theory
as well as classical information. An example of quantum information is the general dynamics of a qubit. An example of classical information is a text document
Quantum_channel
Unit of quantum information
three mutually orthogonal quantum states. The qutrit is analogous to the classical radix-3 trit, just as the qubit, a quantum system described by a superposition
Qutrit
Computer programming for quantum computers
-> Circ Qubit spos b = do q <- qinit b r <- hadamard q return r Computer programming portal List of quantum computing journals List of quantum algorithms
Quantum_programming
Superconducting qubit implementation
In quantum computing, a charge qubit (also known as Cooper-pair box) is a qubit whose basis states are charge states (i.e. states which represent the presence
Charge_qubit
Interaction of a quantum system with a classical observer
finite-dimensional Hilbert space is a qubit, a quantum system whose Hilbert space is 2-dimensional. A pure state for a qubit can be written as a linear combination
Measurement in quantum mechanics
Measurement_in_quantum_mechanics
Superconducting qubit implementation
In quantum computing, and more specifically in superconducting quantum computing, a transmon is a type of superconducting charge qubit designed to have
Transmon
Aspect of quantum information science
to the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian. For quantum computers, energy scales tend to be limited by the qubit transition frequency which is often on the
Quantum_energy_teleportation
Quantum computing company
D-Wave's Orion Quantum Computer. The prototype was a 16-qubit quantum annealing processor, demonstrated on February 13, 2007, at the Computer History Museum
D-Wave_Systems
Quantum measurement phenomenon
one quantum state to another. It can be a transition from the subspace without decoherent loss of a qubit to a state with a qubit lost in a quantum computer
Quantum_Zeno_effect
Criteria for a usable quantum computer
larger experimental setups to accommodate a greater number of qubits. The quantum computer is capable of exponential speed-ups in computing classical algorithms
DiVincenzo's_criteria
Means of studying the interaction of light and matter
Transmon qubits (which exhibit dramatically reduced charge noise sensitivity compared to the Cooper-pair box) and flux qubits (whose quantum state is
Circuit quantum electrodynamics
Circuit_quantum_electrodynamics
Quantum Computing company in Boston, Massachusetts
physical qubits. A cloud-based logical qubit simulator was due in the first half of 2024. QuEra planned to offer a hybrid analog-digital quantum computer followed
QuEra
Computational complexity class of problems
complexity theory, bounded-error quantum polynomial time (BQP) is the class of decision problems solvable by a quantum computer in polynomial time, with an
BQP
statistics Plekton quantum computing qubit qutrit pure qubit state quantum dot Kane quantum computer quantum cryptography quantum decoherence quantum circuit universal
List of mathematical topics in quantum theory
List_of_mathematical_topics_in_quantum_theory
Topological quantum error correcting code
surface code is a topological quantum error correcting code, and an example of a stabilizer code, defined on a two-dimensional spin lattice. The first type
Surface_code
Projected date when quantum computers could break modern encryption
Day and sometimes as Y2Q, or simply the quantum threat) refers to the theoretical date when quantum computers have reached the point where they can break
Quantum_Threat
Quantum mechanics thought experiment
someone whose life or death depends on a qubit could possibly distinguish between interpretations of quantum mechanics. By definition, fixed observers
Quantum suicide and immortality
Quantum_suicide_and_immortality
Quantum algorithm for eigenvalue estimation
two sets of qubits, referred to in this context as registers. The two registers contain n {\displaystyle n} and m {\displaystyle m} qubits, respectively
Quantum phase estimation algorithm
Quantum_phase_estimation_algorithm
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
Q quantum bits (qubits). Since even a dishonest party cannot store all that information (the quantum memory of the adversary is limited to Q qubits),
Quantum_cryptography
global phase e i φ {\displaystyle e^{i\varphi }} to the whole qubit quantum state. A quantum state is uniquely defined up to a phase. Because of the Born
List_of_quantum_logic_gates
Model of computation
In quantum information, the one clean qubit model of computation is performed an n {\displaystyle n} qubit system with one pure state and n − 1 {\displaystyle
One_clean_qubit
Australian quantum computing company
approach within the field of spin qubits. Distinct from other companies within the spin qubits modality, SQC uses the nuclear spin of phosphorus atoms placed
Silicon_Quantum_Computing
Planned quantum technology campus in Chicago
first million-qubit scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer. Other tenants include the DARPA-Illinois Quantum Proving Ground, IBM, Diraq, Quantum Machines,
Illinois Quantum and Microelectronics Park
Illinois_Quantum_and_Microelectronics_Park
Quantum logic gate
a quantum register consisting of 2 qubits. The CNOT gate flips the second qubit (the target qubit) if and only if the first qubit (the control qubit) is
Controlled_NOT_gate
Quantum error correcting code
(GKP) code is a quantum error correcting code that encodes logical qubits into the continuous degrees of freedom of a quantum system. It is named
Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill code
Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill_code
Theorem in quantum information science
single universal U cannot clone a general quantum state. This proves the no-cloning theorem. Take a qubit for example. It can be represented by two complex
No-cloning_theorem
Property of computational resources needed
measurement protocols on quantum processors. Without magic, quantum computers cannot perform any computation that classical computers cannot already do, making
Magic_(quantum_information)
Subfield of computer science and mathematics
field of quantum computing was first introduced by Yuri Manin in 1980 and Richard Feynman in 1982. A quantum computer with spins as quantum bits was also
Theoretical_computer_science
Quantum search algorithm
standard quantum oracle for a function f {\displaystyle f} . This standard oracle, denoted here as U f {\displaystyle U_{f}} , uses an ancillary qubit system
Grover's_algorithm
Quantum computing chip by Microsoft
represents progress in its long-running project to create a quantum computer based on topological qubits. A follow-up device Majorana 2 was released in 2026.
Majorana_1
Simple quantum mechanical system
states. Any two-state system can also be seen as a qubit. Two-state systems are the simplest quantum systems that are of interest, since the dynamics of
Two-state_quantum_system
American multinational technology company
will integrate HRL's expertise in silicon-spin qubit engineering, quantum sensing, and cryogenics into its quantum computing development, while Boeing and
IBM
Secure communication method
Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. Quantum communication involves encoding information in quantum states, or qubits, as opposed to classical communication's
Quantum_key_distribution
Quantum mechanics idea
In quantum mechanics, entanglement swapping is a protocol to transfer quantum entanglement from one pair of particles to another, even if the second pair
Entanglement_swapping
Quantum bit
electron-on-helium qubit is a quantum bit for which the orthonormal basis states |0⟩ and |1⟩ are defined by quantized motional states or alternatively the spin states
Electron-on-helium_qubit
Theory of a quantum origin of consciousness
non-computable quantum processing performed by qubits formed collectively on cellular microtubules, a process significantly amplified in the neurons. The qubits are
Orchestrated objective reduction
Orchestrated_objective_reduction
Quantum error correction code
matrix, a quantum stabilizer code also has a "parity check" structure defined by its stabilizers. However, stabilizers for a n-qubit code are n-qubit Pauli
Stabilizer_code
Jonathan A. Jones. Quantum spin dynamics, group led by Arzhang Ardavan and John Morton (group spans physics and materials). Quantum theory, group led by
Centre for Quantum Computation
Centre_for_Quantum_Computation
Continuous (non-quantized) quantities in quantum information science
application is quantum computing. In a sense, continuous-variable quantum computation is "analog", while quantum computation using qubits is "digital."
Continuous-variable quantum information
Continuous-variable_quantum_information
Description of a quantum-mechanical system
function of a non-relativistic quantum-mechanical system. Its discovery was a significant landmark in the development of quantum mechanics. It is named after
Schrödinger_equation
Two-bit quantum communication protocol
Superdense coding can be thought of as the opposite of quantum teleportation, in which one transfers one qubit from Alice to Bob by communicating two classical
Superdense_coding
Quantum computing algorithm
accurate quantum states from multiple noisy ones, which is important for building fault tolerant quantum computers. It has also been linked to quantum contextuality
Magic_state_distillation
State invariant involving qubits
In quantum information science, the concurrence is a state invariant involving qubits. The concurrence is an entanglement monotone (a way of measuring
Concurrence (quantum computing)
Concurrence_(quantum_computing)
Model of quantum computation
A quantum Turing machine (QTM) or universal quantum computer is an abstract machine used to model the effects of a quantum computer. It provides a simple
Quantum_Turing_machine
Form of quantum computing
register of qubits, Hamiltonian quantum computers operate without external control. Hamiltonian quantum computation was the pioneering model of quantum computation
Hamiltonian quantum computation
Hamiltonian_quantum_computation
Nano-scale semiconductor particles
Noritaka; Itoh, Kohei M.; Tarucha, Seigo (18 December 2017). "A quantum-dot spin qubit with coherence limited by charge noise and fidelity higher than
Quantum_dot
Quantum Computing company
commercial quantum computer that has logical qubits by combining Microsoft's work on quantum error correction with Atom's over-1,000-qubit system. Atom Computing's
Atom_Computing
Quantum error correction schemes can suppress the logical error rate arbitrarily low
In quantum computing, the threshold theorem (or quantum fault-tolerance theorem) states that a quantum computer with a physical error rate below a certain
Threshold_theorem
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