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The beam propagation method (BPM) is an approximation technique for simulating the propagation of light in slowly varying optical waveguides. It is essentially
Beam_propagation_method
Computational electrodynamics technique
It offers very strong benefits compared with FDTD, FEM and the beam propagation method for the modelling of optical waveguides, and it is a popular tool
Eigenmode_expansion
Topics referred to by the same term
service), a short-wave time service of the People's Republic of China Beam propagation method, a numerical tool for electromagnetic analysis Bit-patterned media
BPM
Numerical analysis technique
electromagnetics Eigenmode expansion Beam propagation method Finite-difference frequency-domain Finite element method Scattering-matrix method Discrete dipole approximation
Finite-difference time-domain method
Finite-difference_time-domain_method
Changing the direction of the main lobe of a radiation pattern
days, beam steering is playing a significant role in 5G communication because of quasi-optic nature of 5G frequencies. The simplest method beam tilt is
Beam_steering
Beam tracing is an algorithm to simulate wave propagation. It was developed in the context of computer graphics to render 3D scenes, but it has also been
Beam_tracing
Radio propagation due to unusual conditions
inaccurate ranges or bearings to distant targets if the radar "beam" is bent by propagation effects. However, radio hobbyists take advantage of these effects
Anomalous_propagation
Behaviour of travelling radio waves
factor in VHF line-of-sight propagation. The interference between the direct beam line-of-sight and the ground reflected beam often leads to an effective
Radio_propagation
Aspect of laser science
science, laser beam quality defines aspects of the beam illumination pattern and the merits of a particular laser beam's propagation and transformation
Laser_beam_quality
Branch of physics
more accurately as finite elements FEM, or non-orthogonal grids. Beam propagation method (BPM) can solve for the power flow in waveguides. CEM is application
Computational electromagnetics
Computational_electromagnetics
Statistics (such as the Monte Carlo method), are commonly used to model light propagation in tissue. The responses to a pencil beam incident on a scattering medium
Convolution for optical broad-beam responses in scattering media
Convolution_for_optical_broad-beam_responses_in_scattering_media
Width of an electromagnetic beam
11146-1:2005 specifies methods for measuring beam widths (diameters), divergence angles and beam propagation ratios of laser beams (if the beam is stigmatic) and
Beam_diameter
Mathematical method used in optics and acoustics
The transfer-matrix method is a method used in optics and acoustics to analyze the propagation of electromagnetic or acoustic waves through a stratified
Transfer-matrix method (optics)
Transfer-matrix_method_(optics)
Measurement device
beam profiler captures, displays, and records the spatial intensity profile of a laser beam at a particular plane transverse to the beam propagation path
Laser_beam_profiler
Measure of laser beam quality
known as the beam propagation ratio or beam quality factor, is a measure of laser beam quality. It represents the degree of variation of a beam from an ideal
M_squared
Optical property
beam and fixes the best propagation method (among angular spectrum, Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction) by looking at the behavior of a Gaussian beam
Fresnel_number
Beam focusing, typically horn-fed planar array of unit cells
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 287–296, 1997. P. Nayeri, F. Yang, and A. Z. Elsherbeni, "Beam-scanning reflectarray antennas:
Reflectarray_antenna
Specifies the properties of a Gaussian beam
{C+D/q_{i}}{A+B/q_{i}}}} . The effect of propagation in free space is just that of adding the travelled axial distance Δz to the complex beam parameter: q f = q i + Δ
Complex_beam_parameter
Field of radiation
An Airy beam is a propagation invariant wave whose main intensity lobe propagates along a curved parabolic trajectory while being resilient to perturbations
Airy_beam
Diffractionless propagation of a light beam
In nonlinear optics, filament propagation is propagation of a beam of light through a medium without diffraction. This is possible because the Kerr effect
Filament_propagation
"Design of the beam-waveguide primary radiators of the Cassegrain antennas for satellite communications". Antennas and Propagation Society International
Beam_waveguide_antenna
American physicist
Yevick, D.; Hermansson, B. (1989). "New formulations of the matrix beam propagation method: application to rib waveguides". IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics
David_Yevick
Propagation of radio waves beyond the radio horizon
In radio communication, skywave or skip refers to the propagation of radio waves reflected or refracted back toward Earth from the ionosphere, an electrically
Skywave
number Beam crossing Beam diameter Beam divergence Beam dump Beam emittance Beam expander Beam homogenizer Beam parameter product Beam propagation method Beam
Index_of_physics_articles_(B)
Signal processing technique for sensor arrays
be broadly divided into two categories: conventional (fixed or switched beam) beamformers adaptive beamformers or phased array Desired signal maximization
Beamforming
Interplay between observation, experiment, and theory in science
The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge through careful observation, rigorous skepticism, hypothesis testing, and experimental
Scientific_method
Type of radio propagation
Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) radio propagation occurs when a radio signal travels between a transmitter and a receiver without a direct, unobstructed optical
Non-line-of-sight_propagation
Form of radar used to create images of landscapes
component of the antenna's radiated beam has a wave-propagation direction perpendicular to the flight-path direction. The beam is allowed to be broad in the
Synthetic-aperture_radar
American physicist (1943–2023)
(1996). "Investigation of the Pade approximant-based wide-angle beam propagation method for accurate modeling of waveguiding circuits". Journal of Lightwave
Richard_M._Osgood_Jr.
waveguide grating through Fraunhofer diffraction analysis and beam propagation method". Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics. 9 (7): 709–715
Refractive_index_contrast
Type of electromagnetic radiation
This is the only method of propagation possible at frequencies above 30 MHz. On the surface of the Earth, line of sight propagation is limited by the
Radio_wave
Property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation
components of a collimated beam (or ray) can exit the material with a positional offset, even though their final propagation directions will be the same
Polarization_(waves)
Proposed technological device
Laguerre-Gaussian laser beam, which has a high-intensity ring of light that surrounds a dark core along the beam axis. This method confines particles to
Tractor_beam
Vacuum tube used to display images
a vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns, which emit electron beams, which are directed and controlled to display images on a phosphorescent
Cathode_ray_tube
processing, computer vision, and related areas. A* search algorithm Beam search Beam stack search Best-first search Breadth-first search Depth-first search
List of artificial intelligence algorithms
List_of_artificial_intelligence_algorithms
Measure of laser beam quality
equipment — Test methods for laser beam widths, divergence angles and beam propagation ratios — Part 1: Stigmatic and simple astigmatic beams." A. E. Siegman
Beam_parameter_product
Ray tracing technique
above for ordinary Gaussian beam propagation, i.e. q = ( z − z 0 ) + i z R {\displaystyle q=(z-z_{0})+iz_{R}} . As the beam propagates, both the radius
Ray_transfer_matrix_analysis
Class of techniques for computing inviscid flows
method (based on finite differences, uses a numerical method for the solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations), and Beam–Warming method.
Shock-capturing_method
Optical system with resolution performance at the instrument's theoretical limit
The beam from a laser with near-ideal beam propagation properties may be described as being diffraction-limited. A diffraction-limited laser beam, passed
Diffraction-limited_system
Indian scientist and engineer
Propagation Through Optical Waveguides, PhD dissertation" (PDF). Sharma, Anurag; Agrawal, Arti (2004). "New method for nonparaxial beam propagation"
Arti_Agrawal
Indian physicist (born 1955)
Agrawal, Arti (2006). "Non-paraxial split-step finite-difference method for beam propagation" (PDF). Optical and Quantum Electronics. 38 (1–3): 19–34. Bibcode:2006OQEle
Anurag_Sharma_(physicist)
Electronic warfare conflict in the Second World War
at a much higher frequency. Due to the nature of radio propagation, this allowed its two beams to be pointed much more accurately than Knickebein from
Battle_of_the_Beams
Imaging method
strong magnetic field in the propagation direction of the probe beam.[citation needed] Classically, a linearly polarized probe beam may be thought of as a superposition
Phase-contrast_imaging
Gradual loss of flux intensity through a medium
electrical engineering and telecommunications, attenuation affects the propagation of waves and signals in electrical circuits, in optical fibers, and in
Attenuation
Type of beamforming network
Piovano, B., "Beam forming networks of optimum size and compactness for multibeam antennas at 900 MHz", IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International
Butler_matrix
Electromagnetic radiation humans can see
termed visible light. The primary properties of light are intensity, propagation direction, frequency or wavelength spectrum, and polarization. Its speed
Light
also referred to as forward recoil scattering or spectrometry, is an ion beam analysis technique, in materials science, to obtain elemental concentration
Elastic_recoil_detection
Probabilistic problem-solving algorithm
dynamic composition changes". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 2 (1): 814–818
Monte_Carlo_method
Modeling application
pencil beam incident on a semi-infinite medium models both the initial ballistic photon flow and the later diffuse propagation. The Monte Carlo method is
Monte Carlo method for photon transport
Monte_Carlo_method_for_photon_transport
David A. Hammer (Professor of Nuclear Energy Engineering)
electron beam propagation experiments (100 kA beams) starting in 1971. He research then focused on understanding electron beam propagation in plasmas
David_A._Hammer
Optical phenomenon
momentum of the beam and ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is the angle along the plane transverse to the direction of light propagation. Generation methods include spiral
Optical_vortex
Stresses which remain in a solid material after the original cause is removed
compressive (negative tensile) stress. To cause brittle fracture by crack propagation of the initial crack, the external tensile stress must overcome the compressive
Residual_stress
Measurement of atomic transition frequency
resonance, these two beams address the same atoms, those with velocity vectors nearly perpendicular to the direction of laser propagation. In the two-state
Saturated absorption spectroscopy
Saturated_absorption_spectroscopy
Directional variation in strength of radio waves
center of the main lobe, is called the "beam axis" or boresight axis". In some antennas, such as split-beam antennas, there may exist more than one major
Radiation_pattern
Type of laser with two counter-rotating beams
be measured. Generally however, any non-reciprocity in the propagation between the two beams leads to a beat frequency. There is a continuous transition
Ring_laser
Iterative method for solving the Sylvester matrix equations
Fundamental LOD-FDTD Method with Second-Order Temporal Accuracy and Complying Divergence" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 61 (5): 2630–2638
Alternating-direction implicit method
Alternating-direction_implicit_method
Quantised attribute of electrons in free space
quantized orbital angular momentum (OAM) projected along the direction of propagation. This orbital angular momentum corresponds to helical wavefronts, or
Orbital angular momentum of free electrons
Orbital_angular_momentum_of_free_electrons
Refractive property of materials
material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light. These optically anisotropic materials are described
Birefringence
Dynamic disturbance in a medium or field
as light), coupling between the electric and magnetic fields sustains propagation of waves involving these fields according to Maxwell's equations. Electromagnetic
Wave
Device that emits light via optical amplification
propagation, with no beam divergence at that point. However, due to diffraction, that can only remain true well within the Rayleigh range. The beam of
Laser
Group of rendering algorithms used in 3D computer graphics
transfer simulations performed using finite-element methods in engineering design. Radiosity, ray tracing, beam tracing, cone tracing, path tracing, Metropolis
Global_illumination
Light rays follow quickest paths
enough, equal propagation times to B, but not to points in other directions, so that B will be in the direction of peak intensity of the beam admitted through
Fermat's_principle
Measures fluctuations in the refractive index of air
radio wave transmitter and a receiver at opposite ends of an atmospheric propagation path. The receiver detects and evaluates the intensity fluctuations of
Scintillometer
Signal processing system
method Constant Modulus Algorithm Beamforming is spatial signal processing which makes spatial beam focused on the target direction and spatial beam nulled
Adaptive_beamformer
Formula in telecommunications engineering of antenna performance
the Goubau relationship, is more useful for power beaming applications. Link budget Radio propagation model Johnson, Richard (1984). Antenna Engineering
Friis_transmission_equation
The history of scientific method considers changes in the methodology of scientific inquiry, as distinct from the history of science itself. The development
History_of_scientific_method
Interference phenomenon of waves
Diffraction is the deviation of waves from straight-line propagation due to an obstacle or through an aperture, without any change in their energy. Diffraction
Diffraction
Fundamental principle of physics
a beam can be modeled as a linear system where the input stimulus is the load on the beam and the output response is the deflection of the beam. The
Superposition_principle
Transmitarray in Ka-Band with Beam Scanning and Polarization Switching Capabilities," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 529–540
Transmitarray_antenna
Pulse that is substantially slowed to less than the speed of light
In optics, slow light is the propagation of an optical pulse or other modulation of an optical carrier at a very low group velocity. Slow light occurs
Slow_light
Type of angular momentum in light
for Joint Radar-Communications: An OAM Vortex Beam Approach". IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation: 1. doi:10.1109/TAP.2026.3667393. ISSN 1558-2221
Orbital angular momentum of light
Orbital_angular_momentum_of_light
Imaging systems using changes in phase
general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order
Phase-contrast_X-ray_imaging
Transmission of information via microwaves
below it. A disadvantage is that microwaves are limited to line of sight propagation; they cannot pass around hills or mountains as lower frequency radio
Microwave_transmission
American electrical engineer and academic
Balanis, "Finite-difference time-domain method for antenna radiation," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 334–40, Mar 1992
Constantine_A._Balanis
Set of multiple antennas which work together
antenna array can achieve higher gain (directivity), that is a narrower beam of radio waves, than could be achieved by a single element. In general, the
Antenna_array
Strength of an object's radar echo
Antennas and Propagation (2008). "A Method to Measure Radar Cross Section Parameters of Antennas". IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 56 (11):
Radar_cross_section
Electrical transmission without physical connection
Advantages compared to other wireless methods are: Distance: Collimated monochromatic wavefront propagation allows narrow beam cross-section area for transmission
Wireless_power_transfer
Method to visualize density variations in transparent media
The method provides a two-dimensional (2D) projection image of the acoustic beam in real-time ("live video"). The unique properties of the method enable
Schlieren_imaging
Method of solving linear partial differential equations
solution of water wave propagation problems over variable bathymetries using the modified radial integration boundary element method. Ocean Engineering,
Boundary_element_method
Method of communicating with microwave radio signals over considerable distances
of operation, equipment type, terrain, and climate factors. This method of propagation uses the tropospheric scatter phenomenon, where radio waves at UHF
Tropospheric_scatter
Amateur radio frequency band
equipment can achieve distances of up to a few hundred miles, and fortuitous propagation conditions called "signal enhancements" can on occasion reach across
2-meter_band
Unwanted echoes in electronic systems
atmospheric ducting or ionospheric reflection/refraction (e.g., anomalous propagation). This clutter type is especially bothersome since it appears to move
Clutter_(radar)
Speed of electromagnetic waves
Interferometry is another method to find the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation for determining the speed of light. A coherent beam of light (e.g. from
Speed_of_light
Three-dimensional imaging technique
"reference beam" and a virtual "object beam" have to travel is calculated; this will give the relative phase of the scattered object beam. Over the last
Computer-generated_holography
Branching shapes
Hertz, Heinrich Rudolf (1900). Electric waves: being researches on the propagation of electric action with finite velocity. Riess, Peter (1846). "Ueber
Lichtenberg_figure
Locus of points at equal phase in a wave
electron beams have similar wave equations. However, given the above simplifications, Huygens' principle provides a quick method to predict the propagation of
Wavefront
Applying an electric field to change the trajectory of a charged particle beam
computation methods that deflection aberrations would be significantly reduced if the beam were injected offset toward the attracting plate. That way the beam tends
Electrostatic_deflection
Topics referred to by the same term
zoology Division (horticulture), a method of vegetative plant propagation, or the plants created by using this method Division, a medical/surgical operation
Division
Array of antennas creating a steerable beam
electronically scanned array, a computer-controlled array of antennas which creates a beam of radio waves that can be electronically steered to point in different directions
Phased_array
Use of ions to cause chemical changes
crack propagation and an alloying of the surface to make it more chemically resistant to corrosion. Ion implantation can be used to achieve ion beam mixing
Ion_implantation
Using wave optics to reproduce a three-dimensional light field
by simulating light propagation using scalar diffraction theory – for instance, via the Fresnel transform, angular spectrum method, or convolution approach
Holography
Physical structure guiding light waves
method uses a low NA microscope objective and translates the focal spot along the beam axis. This improves the overlap between the focused laser beam
Waveguide_(optics)
is a method for the simulation of the elastic scattering of an electron beam with matter, including all multiple scattering effects. The method is reviewed
Multislice
Object detection system using radio waves
Hoyt Taylor and Leo C. Young discovered that ships passing through the beam path caused the received signal to fade in and out. Taylor submitted a report
Radar
Light or sound absorption in a substance
coefficient, or narrow-beam attenuation coefficient characterizes how easily a volume of material can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles
Attenuation_coefficient
expanded laser beam is also described as an extremely elongated laser beam. The elongated dimension of the beam (25-50 mm) is in the propagation plane while
N-slit_interferometer
Radio transmissions using wavelengths between 10 m and 100 m
this method meant more signal loss. This, and the difficulties of generating and detecting higher frequencies, made discovery of shortwave propagation difficult
Shortwave_radio
Angle between converging or diverging light rays
(slow axis), producing beams with rectangular profiles. This type of difference in divergence can be reduced by beam-shaping methods, such as using a rod
Vergence_(optics)
Use of multiple antennas in radio
effect. In line-of-sight propagation, beamforming results in a well-defined directional pattern. However, conventional beams are not a good analogy in
MIMO
Signal attenuation in telecommunications
space propagation or the flat-earth model. For practical cases the path loss is calculated using a variety of approximations. Statistical methods (also
Path_loss
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BEAM PROPAGATION-METHOD
BEAM PROPAGATION-METHOD
Boy/Male
German African
Bear.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old English bēam ‘beam’, ‘post’, a term with various applications. It denoted the beam of a loom and was therefore in some cases a metonymic occupational name for a weaver. In others it was a topographic name for someone who lived by a post or tree, or by a footbridge made from a tree trunk.Americanized form of German Boehm, or sometimes of Baum.
Boy/Male
American, British, English, French
Handsome
Boy/Male
Scottish
Fair skinned.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a habitational name from Bytham in Lincolnshire, so named with Old English bythme ‘valley bottom’ + hÄm ‘homestead’.
Boy/Male
French American
Handsome. Famous namesakes: 19th-century British dandy Beau Brummell, AKA George Bryan Brummell;...
Surname or Lastname
Scottish
Scottish : variant of Bate or Beath.English and Scottish : from a short form of the female personal name Beton (see Beaton 2).
Male
English
Originally an English pet name BEAU means "handsome," derived from the French word, beau, meaning "beautiful." Later, in the 19th century, it was used as a word meaning "admirer" or "sweetheart." Its use as a forename seems to have been due to Wren's novel Beau Geste (1924) and the character Beau Wilkes in Mitchell's Gone With the Wind (1936).Â
Girl/Female
Latin
andmeaning bringer of joy.
Boy/Male
Australian, German
Bear; Courageous
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Bream in Worcestershire, which is probably named in Old English as ‘the place where broom grows’, from brÄ“me, an unattested dialect variant of brÅm ‘broom’.English : nickname for a fierce or energetic person, from Middle English brem(e), brim(me) ‘fierce’, ‘vigorous’ (from Old English brÄ“me ‘famous’, ‘noble’).English : variant of Braham.
Boy/Male
Irish Hebrew Dutch English Scottish Gaelic
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : from Old French bel(e) ‘fair’, ‘lovely’ (see Beau), either a nickname for a handsome man or a metronymic from this word used as a female personal name.English : habitational name from places so named in Northumberland and West Yorkshire. The former of these (Behil in early records) comes from Old English bēo ‘bee’ + hyll ‘hill’; the latter (Begale in Domesday Book) is from Old English bēag ‘ring’, here probably used in the sense ‘river bend’, or an unattested personal name Bēaga derived from this word + halh ‘nook’, ‘recess’.French (Béal) : topographic name for someone who lived by a mill race, from the Lyonnaise dialect term béal, bezale, bedale (of Gaulish origin).Americanized spelling of German Biehl or Bühl (see Buehl).Lt. Col. Thomas Beal(e) (c.1621–c.1676) of London settled in York Co., VA, about 1650.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Middle English nickname Bere meaning ‘bear’ (Old English bera, which is also found as a byname), or possibly from a personal name derived from a short form of the various Germanic compound names with this first element. Compare for example Bernhard. The bear has generally been regarded with a mixture of fear and amusement because of its strength and unpredictable temper on the one hand and its clumsy gait on the other, and in the medieval period it was also thought to typify the sins of sloth and gluttony. All these characteristics are no doubt reflected in the nickname. Throughout the Middle Ages the bear was a familiar figure in popular entertainments such as bear baiting and dancing bears.English : variant spelling of the habitational name Beer.Probably a translation of cognates of 1 in other languages, for example German Baer, and also an Americanized spelling of German Bahr.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Fun, Eid, Enjoyment
Female
English
Short form of English Beatrix, BEA means "voyager (through life)."Â
Boy/Male
Irish
Small.
Boy/Male
African, German
Peace; Bear
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a grower or seller of beans, from Old English bēan ‘beans’ (a collective singular). Occasionally it may have been applied as a nickname for a someone considered of little importance.English : nickname for a pleasant person, from Middle English bēne ‘friendly’, ‘amiable’ (of unknown origin; there is apparently no connection with Bain or Bon).Scottish : Anglicized form of the Gaelic personal name Beathán, a diminutive of beatha ‘life’.Translation of German Bohne, or an altered spelling of Biehn. See also Bihn.Mistranslation of French Lefevre. As the vocabulary word fèvre ‘smith’ was replaced by forgeron, the meaning of the old word became opaque, and the surname was reinterpreted as if it were La fève, from fève ‘(fava) bean’. Lefevre is the most common name in French Canada; great numbers of them migrated to the US, where many adopted the name Bean, in the belief that it was a translation of Lefèvre. See also Lafave.
Boy/Male
Latin
F: Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
BEAM PROPAGATION-METHOD
BEAM PROPAGATION-METHOD
BEAM PROPAGATION-METHOD
BEAM PROPAGATION-METHOD
BEAM PROPAGATION-METHOD
BEAM PROPAGATION-METHOD
BEAM PROPAGATION-METHOD
imp.
of Beat
n.
A cylinder of wood, making part of a loom, on which weavers wind the warp before weaving; also, the cylinder on which the cloth is rolled, as it is woven; one being called the fore beam, the other the back beam.
v. t.
To convey or haul with a team; as, to team lumber.
n.
An animal which has some resemblance to a bear in form or habits, but no real affinity; as, the woolly bear; ant bear; water bear; sea bear.
n.
The spreading abroad, or extension, of anything; diffusion; dissemination; as, the propagation of sound; the propagation of the gospel.
n.
Fig.: A ray; a gleam; as, a beam of comfort.
n.
The width of a vessel; as, one vessel is said to have more beam than another.
n.
The act of propagating; continuance or multiplication of the kind by generation or successive production; as, the propagation of animals or plants.
v. t.
The act of violating sacred things, or of treating them with contempt or irreverence; irreverent or too familiar treatment or use of what is sacred; desecration; as, the profanation of the Sabbath; the profanation of a sanctuary; the profanation of the name of God.
n.
A ray or collection of parallel rays emitted from the sun or other luminous body; as, a beam of light, or of heat.
a.
Resembling a beam in size and weight; massy.
v. i.
To emit beams of light.
n.
A heavy iron lever having an oscillating motion on a central axis, one end of which is connected with the piston rod from which it receives motion, and the other with the crank of the wheel shaft; -- called also working beam or walking beam.
v. t.
To beat or bang.
a.
Producing by propagation, or by a process of growth.
n.
One of the long feathers in the wing of a hawk; -- called also beam feather.
v. t.
To bring forth or produce; to yield; as, to bear apples; to bear children; to bear interest.
n.
The act of preparing or fitting beforehand for a particular purpose, use, service, or condition; previous arrangement or adaptation; a making ready; as, the preparation of land for a crop of wheat; the preparation of troops for a campaign.
v. t.
To send forth; to emit; -- followed ordinarily by forth; as, to beam forth light.
p. p.
of Beat
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