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Calcium encoding (also referred to as Ca2+ encoding or calcium information processing) is an intracellular signaling pathway used by many cells to transfer
Calcium_encoding
Scientific method
Calcium imaging is a microscopy technique to optically measure the calcium (Ca2+) status of an isolated cell, tissue or medium. Calcium imaging takes
Calcium_imaging
Group of voltage-gated ion channels permeable to Ca2+
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), also known as voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), are a group of voltage-gated ion channels found in the
Voltage-gated_calcium_channel
Medical condition
regulate the concentrations of calcium within cardiac muscle cells. The most commonly identified gene is RYR2, which encodes a protein included in an ion
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
Catecholaminergic_polymorphic_ventricular_tachycardia
Genetically encoded calcium indicator
GCaMP is a genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) initially developed in 2001 by Junichi Nakai. It is a synthetic fusion of green fluorescent protein
GCaMP
Protein found in humans
regulates the movement of the cilium/flagellum. The gene encodes a protein that contains two EF-hand calcium-binding domains although its function has yet to
Dynein regulatory complex protein 8
Dynein_regulatory_complex_protein_8
Protein
protein encoded in humans by the CALB1 gene. Calbindin contains 4 active calcium-binding domains, and 2 modified domains that have lost their calcium-binding
Calbindin
Protein-coding gene in humans
voltage-dependent calcium channel. This gene encodes an alpha-1 subunit of a voltage-dependent calcium channel. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions
CACNA1C
Protein family
activation of the N-type calcium channel. A rare gain-of-function mutation in CACNA1B gene encoding the α1B subunit of N-type calcium channel was suggested
N-type_calcium_channel
Family of transport proteins
calcium channel (also known as the dihydropyridine channel, or DHP channel) is part of the high-voltage activated family of voltage-dependent calcium
L-type_calcium_channel
Topics referred to by the same term
Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer (TACSTD) is the name of two human proteins and the genes that encode them: Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer
Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer
Tumor-associated_calcium_signal_transducer
Calcium imaging technique
Fiber photometry is a calcium imaging technique that captures 'bulk' or population-level calcium (Ca2+) activity from specific cell-types within a brain
Fiber_photometry
Peptide hormone secreted by the thyroid
hormone that triggers a short-term drop in calcium and phosphate levels in the blood. In humans, it is encoded by the gene CALCA. It is a 32 amino acid
Calcitonin
Family of transport proteins
The Q-type calcium channel is a type of voltage-dependent calcium channel. Like the others of this class, the α1 subunit is the one that determines most
Q-type_calcium_channel
Protein-coding gene in humans
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACNA2D1 gene. The CACNA2D1 gene is located on
CACNA2D1
Protein-coding gene in Homo sapiens
S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the S100A8 gene. It is also known as calgranulin A. The proteins S100A8
S100A8
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
S100 calcium-binding protein G (S100G) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the S100G gene. This gene encodes calbindin D9K, a vitamin D-dependent
S100G
Increase in parathyroid hormone levels
calcium influences mRNA-binding proteins altering the encoding of PTH mRNA. There are also calcium independent mechanisms which include repression of PTH
Hyperparathyroidism
Neuronal calcium sensory protein
Neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) also known as frequenin homolog (Drosophila) (freq) is a protein that is encoded by the FREQ gene in humans. NCS-1 is
Neuronal_calcium_sensor-1
Protein-coding gene in humans
in humans that is encoded by the STATH gene. It prevents the precipitation of calcium phosphate in saliva, maintaining a high calcium level in saliva available
STATH
Method by which information is represented in the brain
structure, grid cells encoding spatial position in entorhinal cortex along the surface of a torus, or motor cortex neurons encoding hand movements and preparatory
Neural_coding
Protein-coding gene in humans
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ID is a protein in humans that is encoded by the CAMK1D gene on chromosome 10 (locus 10p13). This gene encodes
CAMK1D
Protein-coding gene in humans
neuronal calcium channel gamma subunit gene subfamily of the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family and is located in a cluster with two similar gamma subunit-encoding genes
CACNG1
Mammalian protein found in humans
regulating serum calcium and phosphate levels through its actions on bone, kidneys, and the small intestine. PTH increases serum calcium levels and is opposed
Parathyroid_hormone
Representation of auditory sensation and perception in the nervous system
The neural encoding of sound is the representation of auditory sensation and perception in the nervous system. The complexities of contemporary neuroscience
Neural_encoding_of_sound
Transport protein and coding gene in humans
in cardiac muscle. In humans, it is encoded by the RYR2 gene. In the process of cardiac calcium-induced calcium release, RYR2 is the major mediator for
Ryanodine_receptor_2
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) is an ATPase associated with Darier's disease and acrokeratosis verruciformis. This gene encodes one of the SERCA
ATP2A2
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
Release of this calcium back into the cell's interior can occur via a sodium-calcium exchange protein or via "calcium-induced-calcium-release" pathways
Mitochondria
Protein found in humans
is a calcium-binding protein involved in calcium signaling. In humans, the calretinin protein is encoded by the CALB2 gene. This gene encodes an intracellular
Calretinin
Chemical compound
of calcium inside living cells in 1986. More recently, genetically encoded calcium indicators based on spectral variants of the green fluorescent protein
Fura-2
Protein-coding gene in humans
L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACNB1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the calcium channel
CACNB1
Protein found in humans
Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1H subunit, also known as CACNA1H, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CACNA1H gene. This
CACNA1H
Active form of vitamin D
gene encoding a calcium binding protein. The levels of the calcium binding protein increase enabling the cells to actively transport more calcium (Ca2+
Calcitriol
Family of transport proteins
BK channels (big potassium), are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, and is also known as BKCa, Maxi-K, slo1, or KCa1.1. BK channels
BK_channel
Biological response in plants
the plant's mechanotransduction response. This transient calcium influx is decoded by calcium-binding proteins, such as calmodulins (CaMs) and calmodulin-like
Thigmomorphogenesis
Human protein and coding gene
S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) is a protein of the S100 protein family. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of a wide range
S100B
Human chromosome
C1orf112: encoding protein Chromosome 1 open reading frame 112 C1orf27: encoding protein Chromosome 1 open reading frame 27 C1orf38: encoding protein Chromosome
Chromosome_1
Medical condition
life may result from certain medications, low blood potassium, low blood calcium, or heart failure. Medications that are implicated include certain antiarrhythmics
Long_QT_syndrome
Human chromosome
right. ABI3: encoding protein ABI gene family member 3 ABR: encoding protein Abr, rhogef and gtpase activating protein ARHGAP44: encoding protein Rho GTPase
Chromosome_17
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Lagasse E, Clerc RG (1988). "Cloning and expression of two human genes encoding calcium-binding proteins that are regulated during myeloid differentiation"
S100A9
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(February 2013). "Identification of mutations in SLC24A4, encoding a potassium-dependent sodium/calcium exchanger, as a cause of amelogenesis imperfecta". American
Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 4
Sodium/potassium/calcium_exchanger_4
Protein found in humans
Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein SCaMC-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC25A24 gene. This gene encodes a carrier protein
SLC25A24
Protein-coding gene in humans
on chromosome 11 and encodes the protein anoctamin 3. It belongs to a family of genes (ANO1–ANO10) that appear to encode calcium-activated chloride channels
ANO3
Human chromosome
transcription factor 1 RWDD2B: encoding protein RWD domain-containing protein 2B S100B: encoding calcium binding protein SAMSN1: encoding SAM domain-containing
Chromosome_21
Rutabaga (rut) is the name of the gene encoding calcium-sensitive dependent adenylate cyclase in fruit flies. Rutabaga has been implicated in a number
Rutabaga_(gene)
Protein found in humans
Calmodulin 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the CALM1 gene. Calmodulin plays a role in calcium signal transduction pathways by regulating control
Calmodulin_1
Medical condition
disorders associated with genetic variants in CACNA1C, the gene encoding the calcium channel Cav1.2 α subunit. Timothy syndrome falls under the umbrella
Timothy_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in humans
which in humans is encoded by the ITPR2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is both a receptor for inositol triphosphate and a calcium channel. Inositol
ITPR2
Mammalian protein found in humans
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a Class C G-protein coupled receptor which senses extracellular levels of calcium ions. It is primarily expressed
Calcium-sensing_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Store-operated calcium entry-associated regulatory factor, also known as transmembrane protein 66 (TMEM66) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SARAF
Store-operated calcium entry-associated regulatory factor
Store-operated_calcium_entry-associated_regulatory_factor
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
a stimulus (such as a place). "Deep" encoding leads to a highly distributed representation and "shallow" encoding leads to a sparse representation. Thinking
Memory
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (Trop-2) is a protein that is encoded by the TACSTD2 gene. The protein was identified via the monoclonal
TACSTD2
Protein found in humans
chain encoded by this gene is required for hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and spatial learning.[citation needed] In addition to its calcium-calmodulin
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent_protein_kinase_type_II_subunit_alpha
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
that in humans is encoded by the ATP2B1 gene. It's a transport protein, a translocase, a calcium pump EC 7.2.2.10. The protein encoded by this gene belongs
ATP2B1
Hormone found in humans
gene that encodes CGRP1, CALCA, also encodes the blood-calcium-reducing hormone calcitonin, but despite its name, this protein is encoded by a distinct
Calcitonin gene-related peptide 2
Calcitonin_gene-related_peptide_2
Messenger protein
Calmodulin (CaM) (an abbreviation for calcium-modulated protein) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic
Calmodulin
Human chromosome
A1BG: encoding protein Alpha-1-B glycoprotein AAVS1, viral integration site ACSBG2: encoding enzyme Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase ANKRD24: encoding protein
Chromosome_19
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
CD25-SCIMP showed its ability to induce calcium release and Erk phosphorylation upon anti-CD25 antibody treatment. The calcium release was even stronger in CD25-SCIMP
SLP adaptor and CSK interacting membrane protein
SLP_adaptor_and_CSK_interacting_membrane_protein
Phase of a neuron's action potential
channels (BK channels) are voltage- and calcium-gated potassium channels that sit very close to N-type calcium channels. During a single action potential
Afterhyperpolarization
Hormone found in humans
alternative splicing encodes a precursor protein that is cleaved into calcitonin and katacalcin, which both function to reduce blood calcium levels. In addition
Calcitonin gene-related peptide 1
Calcitonin_gene-related_peptide_1
Protein family
is also known as the calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit (CACNA1E) or Cav2.3 which in humans is encoded by the CACNA1E gene.
R-type_calcium_channel
Engineered protein used to visualize calcium levels in living cells
green fluorescent protein used to visualize calcium levels in living cells. It is a genetically encoded calcium sensor created by Roger Y. Tsien and coworkers
Cameleon_(protein)
Class of membrane transport proteins
responsible for calcium uptake. The calcium channels are used for cell signaling and triggering apoptosis. The calcium uniporter transports calcium across the
Uniporter
Protein-coding gene in humans
Mitochondrial calcium uptake protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MICU1 gene (previously CBARA1). This protein functions as a calcium sensor
MICU1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
membrane-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 beta, or Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the
PLA2G6
Family of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits
calcium binding proteins and calcium-sensitive processes. Further reading: Calcium function in vertebrates DAG works together with released calcium to
Gq_alpha_subunit
Transmembrane protein in humans
which in humans is encoded by the ARLN gene (previously C4orf3). ARLN is a small ER transmembrane protein that regulates calcium homeostasis through
Allregulin
Type of antiporter membrane protein
requires potassium to function. Human genes that encode members of the potassium-dependent sodium-calcium exchanger family include: Schnetkamp PP (February
Potassium-dependent sodium-calcium exchanger
Potassium-dependent_sodium-calcium_exchanger
Protein found in humans
spliced to the 3' encoding exon. Promoter IV activity, leading to the translation of exon IV-containing mRNA, is strongly stimulated by calcium and is primarily
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor
Human chromosome
frame 42 C12orf43: encoding protein. Uncharacterized. C12orf60: encoding protein Uncharacterized protein C12orf60 CALCOCO1: Calcium-binding and coiled-coil
Chromosome_12
Calcium signaling in Arabidopsis is a calcium mediated signalling pathway that Arabidopsis plants use in order to respond to a stimuli. In this pathway
Calcium signaling in Arabidopsis
Calcium_signaling_in_Arabidopsis
Protein found in humans
Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II inhibitor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAMK2N1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000162545
Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II inhibitor 1
Calcium/calmodulin_dependent_protein_kinase_II_inhibitor_1
Protein-coding gene in humans
and tissues. This gene encodes the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 4. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have
ATP2B4
Essential nutrient
fat-soluble compounds responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, along with numerous other biological functions. In humans, the most important
Vitamin_D
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
45 kDa calcium-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SDF4 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000078808 – Ensembl, May 2017
SDF4
Protein-coding gene in humans
and tissues. This gene encodes the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have
ATP2B3
Protein-coding gene in humans
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACNB3 gene. Voltage-dependent calcium channel GRCh38: Ensembl
CACNB3
Protein and coding gene in humans
iron-containing proteins. This gene is thought to play an important role in calcium homeostasis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in five transcript
ASPH
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
protein that in humans is encoded by the PLN gene. Phospholamban is a 52-amino acid integral membrane protein that regulates the calcium (Ca2+) pump in cardiac
Phospholamban
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
S100 calcium binding protein A14 (S100A14) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the S100A14 gene. This gene encodes a member of the S100 protein
S100A14
Gazzaniga, "encoding is the processing of incoming information that creates memory traces to be stored." There are two steps to the encoding process: "acquisition"
Hippocampal memory encoding and retrieval
Hippocampal_memory_encoding_and_retrieval
substantially predated the first use of the term optogenetics. Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are used frequently to monitor neuronal activity
Optogenetic methods to record cellular activity
Optogenetic_methods_to_record_cellular_activity
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and tissues. This gene encodes the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have
ATP2B2
Protein found in humans
Calcium binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CABP1 gene. Calcium-binding protein 1 is a calcium-binding protein discovered in
Calcium-binding_protein_1
Voltage-gated potassium channel protein
Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 also known as large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, subfamily M, alpha member 1 (KCa1
Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1
Calcium-activated_potassium_channel_subunit_alpha-1
Transcription factor found in mammalian cells
of a cryptic promoter in exon 46 of CACNA1C, the gene that encodes the voltage-gated calcium channel Cav1.2. Gomez-Ospina, Natalia; Panagiotakos, Georgia;
Calcium channel associated transcriptional regulator
Calcium_channel_associated_transcriptional_regulator
Protein-coding gene in humans
is located in a cluster with two similar gamma subunit-encoding genes. Voltage-dependent calcium channel GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000075461 –
CACNG4
Chemical compound
Four large multi-domain type I polyketide synthase (PKS) proteins are encoded, as well as several single function enzymes with sequence similarity to
Mupirocin
Cascade of intracellular and molecular events for transmission/amplification of signals
particular calcium channels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These channels are specific to calcium and allow the passage of only calcium to move through
Signal_transduction
Cellular structure
is mutations in genes encoding for different proteins that are localized at the MAM sites. Mutations in the genes that encode the proteins Parkin, PINK1
Mitochondria associated membranes
Mitochondria_associated_membranes
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
contains a Ras exchange motif, a diacylglycerol-binding domain, and two calcium-binding EF hands. This protein was shown to activate H-Ras in a cation-dependent
RASGRP4
Protein-coding gene in humans
Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IG is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAMK1G gene. This gene encodes a protein similar to calcium/calmodulin
CAMK1G
Family of transport proteins
The P-type calcium channel is a type of voltage-dependent calcium channel. Similar to many other high-voltage-gated calcium channels, the α1 subunit determines
P-type_calcium_channel
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Solute carrier family 8 (sodium/lithium/calcium exchanger), member B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC8B1 gene. SLC24A6 belongs to a family
SLC8B1
5. Several transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been found for this gene. Mutations in the gene encoding otoferlin are the cause of nonsyndromic
Otoferlin
Species of protist
Signalling pathways including calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Ras proteins are enriched in the amoeba. Enriched calcium signalling can initiate
Incendiamoeba_cascadensis
Protein found in humans
Calcium binding protein 2, also known as CaBP2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CABP2 gene. CaBP2 contain a consensus sequence for N-terminal
Calcium_binding_protein_2
Human chromosome
the right. AARS1: encoding enzyme Alanyl—tRNA synthetase 1 ACSF3: encoding enzyme Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3 ACSM2B: encoding enzyme Acyl-coenzyme
Chromosome_16
Formation of calcium deposits in the soft tissue around joints
Tumoral calcinosis is a rare condition in which there is calcium deposition in the soft tissue in periarticular location, around joints, outside the joint
Tumoral_calcinosis
Medical condition
and is characterized by tubular proteinuria, excess calcium in the urine, formation of calcium kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis, and chronic kidney failure
Dent's_disease
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CALCIUM ENCODING
CALCIUM ENCODING
CALCIUM ENCODING
CALCIUM ENCODING
CALCIUM ENCODING
CALCIUM ENCODING
CALCIUM ENCODING
CALCIUM ENCODING
CALCIUM ENCODING
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