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Cell that composes cartilage
Chondrocytes (/ˈkɒndrəsaɪt, -droʊ-/, from Greek χόνδρος (chondros) 'cartilage' and κύτος (kytos) 'cell') are the only cells found in healthy cartilage
Chondrocyte
Medical treatment for articular cargilage damage
Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI, ATC code M09AX02 (WHO)) is a biomedical treatment that repairs damages in articular cartilage. ACI provides
Autologous chondrocyte implantation
Autologous_chondrocyte_implantation
Nasal chondrocytes (NC) are present in the hyaline cartilage of the nasal septum and in fact are the only cell type within the tissue. Similar to chondrocytes
Nasal_chondrocytes
Type of cartilage in humans
membrane known as the perichondrium. The primary cells of cartilage are chondrocytes, which are in a matrix of fibrous tissue, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans
Hyaline_cartilage
Conversion of mechanical stimulus of a cell into electrochemical activity
they are subsequently dissipated and transmitted to chondrocytes (cartilage cells). Chondrocytes sense and convert the mechanical signals they receive
Mechanotransduction
Tissue surrounding chondrocytes in cartilage
territorial matrix is the tissue surrounding chondrocytes (cells which produce cartilage) in cartilage. Chondrocytes are inactive cartilage cells, so they don't
Territorial_matrix
Cartilage plate in the neck of a long bone
longitudinal growth of long bones in the epiphyseal plate. The plate's chondrocytes are under constant division by mitosis. These daughter cells stack facing
Epiphyseal_plate
Medical intervention
mechanisms include cellular matrix linkage rupture, chondrocyte protein synthesis inhibition, and chondrocyte apoptosis. There are several different repair
Knee cartilage replacement therapy
Knee_cartilage_replacement_therapy
Resilient and smooth elastic tissue present in animals
cartilage and carina. Cartilage is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes that produce a large amount of collagenous extracellular matrix, abundant
Cartilage
Mesenchymal progenitor cell that forms a chondrocyte
progenitor cells in situ which, from endochondral ossification, will form chondrocytes in the growing cartilage matrix. Another name for them is subchondral
Chondroblast
Gene involved in the most common form of dwarfism
growth factor interactions. Gain of function mutations in FGFR3 inhibits chondrocyte proliferation and underlies achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia. FGFR-3
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3
Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_3
Small space between lamellae containing osteocytes
histology, a lacuna is a small space, containing an osteocyte in bone, or chondrocyte in cartilage. The lacuna are situated between the lamellae, and consist
Lacuna_(histology)
Place where cartilage is replaced with bone
hyaline cartilage begins. The first step in ossification is that the chondrocytes at this point become hypertrophic and arrange themselves in rows. The
Ossification_center
Chemical Compound
articular joints by protecting chondrocytes. These agents perform various functions, such as: Stimulating chondrocyte synthesis of collagen and proteoglycans
Chondroprotection
Cartilaginous bone development that forms the long bones
calcification prevents passage of nutrients to chondrocytes leading to their death. When chondrocytes die, matrix metalloproteinases result in catabolism
Endochondral_ossification
Biological process of cartilage development
Chondrogenesis is the biological process through which cartilage tissue, known as chondrocytes, is formed and developed. This intricate and tightly regulated cellular
Chondrogenesis
Bioengineering project
; Upton, J.; Vacanti, Charles A. (August 1997). "Transplantation of chondrocytes utilizing a polymer-cell construct to produce tissue-engineered cartilage
Vacanti_mouse
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
isolating human growth plate chondrocytes from the tissues of growth plate cartilages. Certain growth plate chondrocytes in this study were identified
AKAP2
Bone- or cartilage-forming cells
bone marrow. They have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts or chondrocytes depending on the signalling molecules they are exposed to, giving rise
Osteochondroprogenitor_cell
"equal origin") is a cluster of up to eight chondrocytes found in hyaline and elastic cartilage. Chondrocytes develop in the embryo from mesenchymal progenitor
Isogenous_group
Transcription factor gene of the SOX family
proliferating but not hypertrophic chondrocytes that is essential for differentiation of precursor cells into chondrocytes and, with steroidogenic factor
SOX9
Ischemic bone disease
autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), which is useful for large, isolated femoral defects in younger people. In this surgery, chondrocytes are arthroscopically
Osteochondritis_dissecans
Pharmaceutical compound
Spheroids of human autologous matrix-associated chondrocytes, sold under the brand name Spherox, is a medication used to repair defects to the cartilage
Spheroids of human autologous matrix-associated chondrocytes
Spheroids_of_human_autologous_matrix-associated_chondrocytes
Multipotent adult stem cells present in multiple tissues
a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone-making cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells
Mesenchymal_stem_cell
Topics referred to by the same term
Lacuna (histology), a small space containing an osteocyte in bone, or chondrocyte in cartilage Muscular lacuna, a lateral compartment of the thigh Vascular
Lacuna
Type of tissue
multiple chondrocytes lie between the spaces (or lacunae) in the fibres. The chondrocytes only make up 2% of the tissue's volume. Chondrocytes and the
Elastic_cartilage
Species of flowering plant
expression in DMM mice and IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes, and enhances chondrocyte proliferation and inhibits chondrocyte apoptosis. It also slows OA progression
Cornus_officinalis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
hypothesized to play a role endochondral ossification as a regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. In addition, it also participates
ATOH8
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the formation of chondrocytes during the development of limbs. The protein is released by small, non-proliferating, mature chondrocytes during endochondral
Indian_hedgehog_(protein)
Fibrocartilaginous structure of spine
nucleus pulposus consists of large vacuolated notochord cells, small chondrocyte-like cells, collagen fibrils, and aggrecan, a proteoglycan that aggregates
Intervertebral_disc
Branch of cell biology
Transmission electron micrograph of a chondrocyte, stained for calcium, showing its nucleus (N) and mitochondria (M).
Cytochemistry
Benign cartilaginous tumor which grows on the surface of a bone
epiphyseal area of the long bones called spongiosa. In the spongiosa, the chondrocytes are arranged in accordance with the epiphyseal growth plate. The spongiosa
Osteochondroma
Synthetic material
components of the ECM. Water: Water makes up around 80% of cartilage. Chondrocytes: Chondrocytes are the cells that produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix
Artificial_cartilage
Physiologist
Articular Chondrocytes (2008) Diverse Roles of Integrin Receptors in Articular Cartilage (2008) Potassium ion channels in articular chondrocytes. Putative
Ali_Mobasheri
Class of four receptor proteins to the molecule adenosine
the Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) which can also differentiate into a chondrocyte. The cell signalling involved in the stimulation of the A2B receptor
Adenosine_receptor
Medical condition
reported in children due to frostbite from extreme cold causing direct chondrocyte injury. There is also a hereditary disease, familial cold autoinflammatory
Knee_pain
Benign cartilaginous tumor
which is encapsulated with a lobular growing pattern. Tumor cells (chondrocytes, cartilaginous cells) resemble normal cells and produce the cartilaginous
Chondroma
Quality of a system having two stable equilibrium states
progenitor ( z {\displaystyle z} ), osteoblast ( y {\displaystyle y} ), and chondrocyte ( x {\displaystyle x} ). Pro-osteoblast stimulus promotes P→O transition
Bistability
Type of cancer arising from precursor cells
g., chondroblastoma is composed of cells resembling the precursor of chondrocytes. Many types of blastoma have been linked to a mutation in tumor suppressor
Blastoma
Type of tissue
intervertebral disc demonstrating degenerative fibrocartilage with loss of nuclei and nests of chondrocytes, as seen in degenerative disc disease. HPS stain.
Fibrocartilage
Part of the body that forms the supporting structure
is a connective skeletal tissue composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes that in an extracellular matrix. This matrix is typically composed of
Skeleton
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
demonstrated that SLC26A2 influences chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and growth, suggesting that in the chondrocyte, SLC26A2 provides sulfate for
Sulfate_transporter
Type of autograft involving limb rotation
Microfracture surgery Knee cartilage replacement therapy Autologous chondrocyte implantation Joints Spine Arthrodesis Spinal fusion Intervertebral discs
Rotationplasty
showed that HDAC7 suppresses proliferation and β-catenin activity in chondrocytes. This was shown by knocking out HDAC7 in mice, which then resulted in
HDAC7
S2CID 235738222. Bailleul AM, Zhou Z (2021). "SEM Analyses of Fossilized Chondrocytes in the Extinct Birds Yanornis and Confuciusornis: Insights on Taphonomy
2021 in archosaur paleontology
2021_in_archosaur_paleontology
Treatment to correct cartilage defects in the knee
Autologous cultured chondrocytes on porcine collagen membrane (Maci) is a treatment to correct cartilage defects in the knee. It is used to treat symptomatic
Autologous cultured chondrocytes on porcine collagen membrane
Autologous_cultured_chondrocytes_on_porcine_collagen_membrane
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
Transmission electron micrograph of a chondrocyte, stained for calcium, showing its nucleus (N) and mitochondria (M)
Mitochondria
Inherited disorder of bone growth
protein directly involved in chondrocyte migration and proliferation. It is observed at a high frequency in chondrocytes in developing bone and tendon
Pseudoachondroplasia
Family of orthopedic diseases of the joint
that the disease is initiated has been debated. Although failure of chondrocyte differentiation, formation of a fragile cartilage, failure of blood supply
Osteochondrosis
Protein
found in human synovial fluid. It is mainly responsible for binding chondrocytes and collagen II substrates together in the extracellular matrix (ECM)
Chondronectin
Fine, lustrous, natural fiber produced by various arthropods
Mertens, Johan (1 November 2008). "Silkworm and spider silk scaffolds for chondrocyte support". Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. 19 (11):
Silk
Flexible rod-shaped structure in all chordates
By the age of 4, all notochord residue is replaced by a population of chondrocyte-like cells of unclear origin. Persistence of notochordal cells within
Notochord
Thigh bone
development, the first hyaline cartilage model of the femur is formed by chondrocytes. Endochondral ossification begins by the end of the embryonic period
Femur
Chemical compound
stimulator of endochondral bone growth. PDE3 is expressed in proliferating chondrocytes of the growth plate, and that Pde3b-knockout mice show enlargement of
Cilostazol
role in regulating inflammatory cytokine production by human articular chondrocytes (From the Cell Migration Gateway ITGA5 ITGB1). α5β1-integrin is transported
Alpha-5_beta-1
Transformation of a stem cell to a more specialized cell
changes in morphology and gene expression in primary human articular chondrocytes in cell culture". Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 10 (1): 62–70. doi:10
Cellular_differentiation
Peptide hormone that stimulates growth
this mechanism GH directly stimulates division and multiplication of chondrocytes of cartilage. GH also stimulates, through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway
Growth_hormone
Transmission electron micrograph of calcium content in the nucleus (N) and mitochondria (M) of a chondrocyte
Nuclear_calcium
Mass of cells which cannot spread throughout the body
(lipocytes), and a chondroma is a benign tumor of cartilage-forming cells (chondrocytes). Adenomas are benign tumors of gland-forming cells, and are usually
Benign_tumor
Protein found in humans
of Wnt signaling pathway chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis regulation of chondrocyte development secondary heart
Axin-2
Field of medicine involving orthopedic tissue regeneration
regeneration also include techniques such as matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) and biomimetic scaffolds. Additionally, growth factors
Orthobiologics
Fin on the dorsal of fish and cetaceans
1002/jmor.10207. PMID 15536651. Tohru, Suzuki (2003). "Differentiation of chondrocytes and scleroblasts during dorsal fin skeletogenesis in flounder larvae"
Dorsal_fin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
eventually osteocytes. Sp7 also plays a regulatory role by inhibiting chondrocyte differentiation maintaining the balance between differentiation of mesenchymal
Sp7_transcription_factor
Type of joint disorder
increased age being the strongest predictor, likely due to declining chondrocytes ability to maintain cartilage. Over 30 percent of women have some degree
Arthritis
Mammalian protein found in humans
cytoplasm cytosol Biological process regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation nitrate catabolic process negative regulation of cysteine-type
Cytochrome_P450_reductase
Unspecialized biological cell that can become specialized
numerous cell categories as an illustration of adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes, derived by the mesodermal layer. Where the mesoderm layer provides an
Stem_cell
Healing from bone injury
mesenchymal stem cell (originated from the bone marrow) into osteoblast and chondrocytes. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and CXCR4 mediate recruitment
Bone_healing
Bones that are as wide as they are long
structural features. Long bones have epiphyseal growth plates, where chondrocytes, stacked on top of each other, form longitudinal columns that are responsible
Short_bone
Experimental surgical technique
reformation of intermolecular bonds. Over weeks, cellular remodeling by chondrocytes may further reinforce the new configuration. Minimal Thermal Effect:
Electromechanical_reshaping
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cathepsins B, H, K, L, and S and matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 13 during chondrocyte hypertrophy and endochondral ossification in mouse fracture callus".
Cathepsin_H
Protein-coding gene in humans
osteoclast-mediated resorption. Expression of the gene is localised to chondrocyte, osteoblast, and osteocyte in the bone and to the hippocampus and Purkinje
NCDN
Study of developmental anomalies
an induced apoptosis effect in the developing mouse limb but delayed chondrocyte maturation, which are cells that secrete a cartilage matrix which is
Teratology
Ability of a cell to differentiate into other cell types
adult dental calcification. MSCs can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. In biology, oligopotency is the ability of progenitor
Cell_potency
Development of limbs in vertebrates
matrix and cell adhesion molecules. In the process of chondrogenesis, chondrocytes differentiate from the condensations to form cartilage, giving rise to
Limb_development
Protein found in humans
modulation of adipolin/C1qdc2: a novel adipokine in human and murine ATDC-5 chondrocyte cell line". Ann. Rheum. Dis. 72 (1): 140–2. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201693
Adipolin
Development process in bones
bones, bone tissue first appears in the diaphysis (middle of shaft). Chondrocytes multiply and form trabeculae. Cartilage is progressively eroded and replaced
Ossification
Articulation which admits free motion in the joint; the most common type of articulation
with clear synovial cavities, articular cartilage lined by flattened chondrocytes, and express key developmental signaling molecules including growth differentiation
Synovial_joint
Medical condition
alternative hypothesis that PFFD is caused by a defect in maturation of chondrocytes (cartilage cells) at the growth plate. In either hypothesis, the agent
Proximal femoral focal deficiency
Proximal_femoral_focal_deficiency
Hypothetical hydrolase enzyme
situ and in vitro.[citation needed] Reversal of senescence of human chondrocytes taken from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty in in-vitro conditions
Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase
Senescence-associated_beta-galactosidase
Hormone that inhibits hunger
in part in the circulation. Leptin has been shown to be produced by chondrocytes, as well as by other tissues in the joints, including the synovial tissue
Leptin
Physiological molecule and therapeutic drug
articular cartilage, where it is present as a coat around each cell (chondrocyte). When aggrecan monomers bind to hyaluronan in the presence of HAPLN1
Hyaluronic_acid
Chemical compound
and IL-6 mRNA expression, as well as protein synthesis, in both ATDC5 chondrocytes and J774 macrophages. Oleocanthal also inhibits IL-1β, TNF-α and GM-CSF
Oleocanthal
Protein found in humans
chondrocytes, which are cells that produce and maintain cartilage. Some examples of chondrocytes include collagen and proteoglycans. The chondrocytes
Chondrocalcin
Concept in biology
Fujihara Y, Takato T, Hoshi K (2014). "Macrophage-inducing FasL on chondrocytes forms immune privilege in cartilage tissue engineering, enhancing in
Immune_privilege
Articular capsule - Articular cartilage repair - Astragalectomy - Autologous chondrocyte implantation - Avascular necrosis - Avulsion fracture Baastrup's sign
Index of trauma and orthopaedics articles
Index_of_trauma_and_orthopaedics_articles
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
signaling pathway bone morphogenesis hematopoietic stem cell proliferation chondrocyte development embryonic digit morphogenesis outflow tract morphogenesis
SFRP2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis negative regulation of insulin secretion chondrocyte differentiation negative regulation of sensory perception of pain smooth
CCN_family_member_3
Semi-solid tissue in the spongy portions of bones
been shown to differentiate, in vitro or in vivo, into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, marrow adipocytes and beta-pancreatic islets cells.[citation
Bone_marrow
the epiphyseal growth plates (EGP) of long bones. In the growth plate, chondrocytes proliferate, hypertrophy and secrete cartilage extracellular matrix.
Development_of_the_human_body
thickness or volume of the cartilage tissue. Collagen can stimulate chondrocytes, which are responsible for the metabolic maintenance of the ECM. Collagen
Alpha_collagen
Category of small signaling proteins
and chemokine gene expression of IL-1beta stimulated equine articular chondrocytes". Vet Surg. 36 (3): 221–227. doi:10.1111/j.1532-950X.2007.00253.x. PMID 17461946
Cytokine
Indian researcher
Arthritis Care Foundation. He has established a center for Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) at Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
Raju_Vaishya
Structural support for biological cells
the precursor components of the ECM, including the ground substance. Chondrocytes are found in cartilage and produce the cartilaginous matrix. Osteoblasts
Extracellular_matrix
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein, is expressed in the developing growth plate and accelerates chondrocyte differentiation in vitro". Endocrinology. 145 (3): 1050–1054. doi:10
WDR5
Disease in which muscle converts into bone
mesenchymal stem cells. These mesenchymal stem cells then differentiate into chondrocytes, and osteoblasts, resulting in bone formation in soft tissues. The process
Myositis_ossificans
Breed of small scent hound
Robert D. (May 2006). "Notochord Cells Regulate Intervertebral Disc Chondrocyte Proteoglycan Production and Cell Proliferation". Spine. 31 (10): 1094–1099
Beagle
Growth of bat forelimbs
a more rapid rate of chondrocyte proliferation. In addition to interdigit apoptosis, BMPs have been shown to affect chondrocyte proliferation and digit
Bat_wing_development
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
meiotic cell cycle regulation of cardiac conduction growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation response to hypoxia ossification regulation of multicellular
Natriuretic peptide precursor C
Natriuretic_peptide_precursor_C
Swedish orthopedist
Peterson co-pioneered, with colleague Mats Brittberg and others, autologous chondrocyte implantation, a method of repairing cartilage using a patient's own cartilage
Lars_Peterson
Therapy in which cellular material is injected into a patient
specific tissues (for example intervertebral disc repair by transplanting chondrocytes). In alternative medicine, cell therapy is defined as the injection of
Cell_therapy
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