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Quasiparticle in the fractional quantum Hall effect
Composite fermions are electrons dressed with an even number of quantum vortices, often pictured as electrons dressed with an even number of magnetic flux
Composite_fermion
Type of subatomic particle
and leptons and all composite particles made of an odd number of these, such as all baryons and many atoms and nuclei. Fermions differ from bosons, which
Fermion
Indian-American physicist (born 1960)
body systems, most notably for postulating particles known as the composite fermions. Jain received his primary, middle and high school education in a
Jainendra_K._Jain
List of particles in matter including fermions and bosons
leptons, as well as any composite particles consisting of an odd number of these, such as all baryons and many atoms and nuclei. Fermions have half-integer
List_of_particles
Fermion that is its own antiparticle
In particle physics a Majorana fermion (/maɪəˈrɑːnə/) or Majorana particle is a fermion that is its own antiparticle. They were hypothesised by Ettore
Majorana_fermion
Class of subatomic particle
bosons have integer spin and fermions half odd-integer spin, any composite particle made up of an even number of fermions is a boson (e.g., 1/2 + 1/2 +
Boson
Electromagnetic effect in physics
quasiparticles called composite fermions. The fractional states of the electrons are understood as the integer QHE of composite fermions. For example, this
Fractional quantum Hall effect
Fractional_quantum_Hall_effect
Electromagnetic effect in physics
the composite fermions, which are charge-flux composites that experience a significantly reduced magnetic field than electrons. The composite-fermion paradigm
Quantum_Hall_effect
American physicist
since been interpreted as the integer quantum Hall effect of the composite fermion. His 2017 paper, "Pumped thermal grid storage with heat exchange"
Robert_B._Laughlin
Subatomic particle having no substructure
distinct particles—twelve fermions and five bosons. As a consequence of flavor and color combinations and antimatter, the fermions and bosons are known to
Elementary_particle
American-Argentinian physicist (born 1950)
2013.841763, S2CID 122605127 Jain, Jainendra K. (2000-04-01). "The Composite Fermion: A Quantum Particle and Its Quantum Fluids". Physics Today. 53 (4):
Eduardo_Fradkin
Concept in condensed matter physics
Fractionalization List of quasiparticles Mean-field theory Pseudoparticle Composite fermion Composite boson Kaxiras, Efthimios (9 January 2003). Atomic and Electronic
Quasiparticle
hierarchies of S.M. fermion masses are generated through the hierarchies of mixings and anarchic composite sector couplings. The light fermions are almost elementary
Composite_Higgs_models
American physicist (born 1958)
Lee, Read developed the HLR theory, a Chern–Simons gauge theory of composite fermion Fermi liquid states at filling fraction ν = 1/2, which successfully
Nicholas_Read
Particle smaller than an atom
Due to the laws for spin of composite particles, the baryons (3 quarks) have spin either 1/2 or 3/2 and are therefore fermions; the mesons (2 quarks) have
Subatomic_particle
Topological quantum field theory
3-form. In condensed-matter physics, Chern–Simons theory describes composite fermions and the topological order in fractional quantum Hall effect states
Chern–Simons_theory
Particle whose invariant mass is zero
composite motions found in the structure of molecular lattices that have particle-like behavior, but are not themselves real particles. Weyl fermions
Massless_particle
Phase transition in the two-dimensional (2-D) XY model
unbinding of vortex-antivortex pairs. KTHNY theory Goldstone boson Composite fermion Lambda transition Ising model Potts model Topological defect Quantum
Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition
Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless_transition
Something that has mass and volume
fundamental interactions, some "point particles" known as fermions (quarks, leptons), and many composites and atoms, are effectively forced to keep a distance
Matter
American award in condensed matter physics
University For theoretical and experimental work establishing the composite fermion model for the half-filled Landau level and other quantized Hall systems
Oliver_E._Buckley_Prize
Type of two-dimensional quasiparticle
elementary particles are seen: fermions and bosons. Anyons have statistical properties intermediate between fermions and bosons. In general, the operation
Anyon
American physicist
a Hamiltonian theory of the fractional quantum Hall effect using composite fermions. Their approach, based on Chern–Simons theory with flux attachment
Ramamurti_Shankar
Measure of the scattering amplitude of a wave by an isolated atom
Although neutral, neutrons also have a nuclear spin. They are a composite fermion and hence have an associated magnetic moment. In neutron scattering
Atomic_form_factor
American theoretical physicist
solid-state physics and many-body theory including two dimensional Composite fermions, low-dimensional systems, quantum Hall effect and nanoscience. Quinn
John_Quinn_(physicist)
Helium isotope with two protons and one neutron
they contain an odd number of spin 1⁄2 particles, and therefore are composite fermions. This is a direct result of the addition rules for quantized angular
Helium-3
of two polarons polaron Bogolon Broken Cooper pair electron, hole Composite fermion Arise in a two-dimensional system subject to a large magnetic field
List_of_quasiparticles
Fields giving rise to fermionic particles
quantum field theory, a fermionic field is a quantum field whose quanta are fermions; that is, they obey Fermi–Dirac statistics. Fermionic fields obey canonical
Fermionic_field
Lattice generalizations of the fractional quantum Hall effect
eISSN 1094-1622. ISSN 1050-2947. Möller, G.; Cooper, N. R. (4 September 2009). "Composite Fermion Theory for Bosonic Quantum Hall States on Lattices". Physical Review
Fractional_Chern_insulator
Hypothetical subatomic particle
obtained so far in collider experiments to show that the fermions of the Standard Model are composite. A number of physicists have attempted to develop a theory
Preon
Theorem in quantum mechanics
function is determined by the number of fermions within each composite. In such systems, the total spin of the composite particle arises from the quantum mechanical
Spin–statistics_theorem
Study of subatomic particles and forces
the Standard Model as fermions (matter particles) and bosons (force-carrying particles). There are three generations of fermions, although ordinary matter
Particle_physics
Interaction between subatomic particles
but not necessarily, half-integer spin fermions) exchange integer-spin, force-carrying bosons. The fermions involved in such exchanges can be either
Weak_interaction
Elementary particles that are force carriers
bosonic elementary particle that acts as the force carrier for elementary fermions. Elementary particles whose interactions are described by a gauge theory
Gauge_boson
Theory of forces and subatomic particles
particles of spin 1/2, known as fermions. Fermions respect the Pauli exclusion principle, meaning that two identical fermions cannot simultaneously occupy
Standard_Model
Solid (crystalline) phase of electrons
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.2765. PMID 10038446. Jain, J.K. (2007). Composite Fermions. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Zhu, H.; Chen, Y
Wigner_crystal
Composite subatomic particle
In particle physics, a hadron is a composite subatomic particle made of two or more quarks that are held together by the strong nuclear force. Pronounced
Hadron
Physical model of non-interacting fermions
assuming a collection of non-interacting fermions in a constant potential well. Fermions are elementary or composite particles with half-integer spin, thus
Fermi_gas
Type of weak interaction in nuclear and atomic physics
charge for a quantity that measures the degree of vector coupling of a fermion to the Z boson (i.e. the coupling strength of weak neutral currents). Measurements
Weak_charge
lamellar vector field Component (thermodynamics) Composite fermion Composite field Composite gravity Composite particle Compressed fluid Compressed magnetic
Index_of_physics_articles_(C)
Concept in quantum mechanics of perfectly substitutable particles
bosons to "clump". If A and B are identical fermions, there is only one state available to the composite system: the totally antisymmetric state 1 2 (
Indistinguishable_particles
Type of quark
4.7+0.5 −0.3 MeV/c2. Like all quarks, the down quark is an elementary fermion with spin 1/2, and experiences all four fundamental interactions: gravitation
Down_quark
Most basic type of physical force
fields—interact with matter particles, called fermions. Everyday matter is atoms, composed of three fermion types: up-quarks and down-quarks constituting
Fundamental_interaction
881503. ISSN 0031-9228. S2CID 56100437. Jain, J. K. (1989-07-10). "Composite-fermion approach for the fractional quantum Hall effect". Physical Review
Timeline of condensed matter physics
Timeline_of_condensed_matter_physics
Phenomenon in particle physics
which is a solvable theory of composite bosons that exhibits dynamical spontaneous chiral symmetry when a 4-fermion coupling constant becomes sufficiently
Chiral_symmetry_breaking
Hypothetical elementary particle
supersymmetry theory, each fermion should have a partner boson, the fermion's superpartner, and each boson should have a partner fermion. Exact unbroken supersymmetry
Superpartner
Class of models of gravitation treating gravitons as composite particles
constructed as a composite bound state of more elementary particles, usually fermions. A theorem by Steven Weinberg and Edward Witten shows that this is not
Composite_gravity
German-Norwegian physicist
Liabøtrø, Ola & Viefers, Susanne F (2016). Linear dependencies between composite fermion states. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical. ISSN 1751-8113
Susanne_Viefers
Hypothetical particle that interacts only via gravity
because the known active neutrinos are left-handed and all other known fermions have been observed with both left and right chirality. They could also
Sterile_neutrino
Mathematics of a particle physics model
fields, which are more fundamental than the particles. These fields are the fermion fields, ψ, which account for "matter particles"; the electroweak boson
Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model
Mathematical_formulation_of_the_Standard_Model
Theoretical formalism in condensed matter physics
to map the FQHE instead to a reference system of non-interacting composite fermions, which are emergent particles in FQHE. When a non-local exchange-correlation
Strictly-correlated-electrons density functional theory
Strictly-correlated-electrons_density_functional_theory
student of Eduardo Fradkin, develops the first Chern–Simons theory for composite fermions to explain the fractional quantum Hall effect. 1992: Claudine Hermann
Women_in_physics
Type of quark
of 95+9 −3 MeV/c2. Like all quarks, the strange quark is an elementary fermion with spin 1⁄2, and experiences all four fundamental interactions: gravitation
Strange_quark
Indian scientist and academic (1939–2025)
S2CID 119091796. Rajaraman, R. (1997). "Generalized Chern-Simons theory of composite fermions in bilayer Hall systems". Physical Review B. 56 (11): 6788. arXiv:cond-mat/9702076
Ramamurti_Rajaraman
Hadron (subatomic particle) that is composed of three quarks
belong to the hadron family of particles. Baryons are also classified as fermions because they have half-integer spin. The name "baryon", introduced by Abraham
Baryon
Hypothetical superpartner to the graviton
gauge fermion supersymmetric partner of the hypothesized graviton. It has been suggested as a candidate for dark matter. If it exists, it is a fermion of
Gravitino
Small localized object
two photons in about 10−16 seconds. Particles may be elementary or composite. Composite particles are composed of other particles. For example, protons are
Particle
Pair of electrons bound together at low temperature, allowing for superconductivity
Electrons have spin-1⁄2, so they are fermions, but the total spin of a Cooper pair is integer (0 or 1) so it is a composite boson. This means the wave functions
Cooper_pair
Special class of solitons
is whether or not multi-fermion NTS like a fermion Q-star is stable in the Standard model. If we restrict ourself by one fermion species, then the NTS has
Non-topological_soliton
Elementary particle with extremely low mass
and an upper limit on the mass of the electron neutrino. Neutrinos are fermions, which have spin of 1/2ħ. For each neutrino, there also exists a corresponding
Neutrino
Physics term for multiple concepts
Magnetic monopole Majoron Majorana fermion Dark photon Preon Sterile neutrino Tachyon W′ and Z′ bosons X and Y bosons Composite Hadrons Baryons Nucleon Proton
Exotic_matter
Type of quark
of 2.2+0.5 −0.4 MeV/c2. Like all quarks, the up quark is an elementary fermion with spin 1/2, and experiences all four fundamental interactions: gravitation
Up_quark
Hypothetical particle composed of gluons
particle physics, a glueball (also gluonium, gluon-ball) is a hypothetical composite particle. It consists solely of gluons, without valence quarks. Such a
Glueball
Greek particle physicist
1016/0550-3213(80)90093-0. S. Dimopoulos; S. Raby; L. Susskind (1980). "Light Composite Fermions". Nucl. Phys. B. 173 (2): 208–228. Bibcode:1980NuPhB.173..208D. doi:10
Savas_Dimopoulos
Type of quark
DØ experiments at Fermilab. Like all other quarks, the top quark is a fermion with spin-1/2 and participates in all four fundamental interactions: gravitation
Top_quark
Type of massless subatomic particle
doi:10.1016/0370-2693(73)90490-5. Salam, A.; et al. (1974). "On Goldstone fermion". Physics Letters. B49 (5): 465–467. Bibcode:1974PhLB...49..465S. doi:10
Goldstone_boson
Transient quantum fluctuation (physics)
example above; they may also be fermions. However, in order to preserve quantum numbers, most simple diagrams involving fermion exchange are prohibited. The
Virtual_particle
Neutral mass eigenstate formed from superpartners of gauge and Higgs bosons
of supersymmetry at a low energy, there are four neutralinos that are fermions and are electrically neutral, the lightest of which is stable in an R-parity
Neutralino
Boson with spin 1
are gauge bosons, the force carriers of fundamental interactions. Some composite particles are vector bosons, for instance any vector meson (quark and
Vector_boson
Argentine-American condensed matter physicist (1939–2022)
CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link) Jain, Jainendra K. (2007). Composite Fermions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511607561
Aron_Pinczuk
Number-state in quantum mechanics
bosons and by Pascual Jordan and Eugene Wigner for fermions. The Fock states of bosons and fermions obey useful relations with respect to the Fock space
Fock_state
Subatomic particle
[citation needed] If so, they would be Majorana fermions, whereas if not, they would be Dirac fermions. They are produced in beta decay and other types
Electron_neutrino
Bosons that mediate the weak interaction
the weak isospin of the fermion (the "charge" for the weak force), Q {\displaystyle Q} is the electric charge of the fermion (in units of the elementary
W_and_Z_bosons
Fringe theory of physics
extension of the Grand Unified Theory program, incorporating gravity and fermions. The theory received a flurry of media coverage, but was also met with
An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything
An_Exceptionally_Simple_Theory_of_Everything
Elementary particle involved with rest mass
Higgs scalar is a composite particle. For example, in technicolour the role of the Higgs field is played by strongly bound pairs of fermions called techniquarks
Higgs_boson
Quasiparticle which is a bound state of an electron and an electron hole
electron and positron in positronium. Excitons are composite bosons since they are formed from two fermions which are the electron and the hole. Excitons are
Exciton
Mechanism in 1+1 dimensional field theories
bosonization is a mathematical procedure by which a system of interacting fermions in (1+1) dimensions can be transformed to a system of massless, non-interacting
Bosonization
Antiparticle of the electron
Magnetic monopole Majoron Majorana fermion Dark photon Preon Sterile neutrino Tachyon W′ and Z′ bosons X and Y bosons Composite Hadrons Baryons Nucleon Proton
Positron
Supersymmetric partner of the Higgs boson
two charginos are charged Dirac fermions (plus and minus each), the neutralinos are electrically neutral Majorana fermions. In an R-parity-conserving version
Higgsino
Particle with opposite charges
operator for particles and the other for antiparticles. This is the case of a fermion. This approach is due to Vladimir Fock, Wendell Furry and Robert Oppenheimer
Antiparticle
Principle in quantum field theory
massless fermions or Nambu–Goldstone bosons (which may be composite particles), while in the latter the only relevant particles are the elementary fermions of
Anomaly_matching_condition
Class of elementary particles
and right-handed fermions are identical. However, the Standard Model's weak interaction treats left-handed and right-handed fermions differently: only
Lepton
American physicist
169, 373-383 (1980). S. Dimopoulos, S. Raby and L. Susskind, Light Composite Fermions, Nucl. Phys. B 173, 208-228 (1980). S. Dimopoulos, S. Raby and G.
Stuart_Raby
Classification scheme of hadrons
the opposite quantum numbers. Quarks are spin-1/2 particles, and thus fermions. Each quark or antiquark obeys the Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula individually
Quark_model
Bosonic superpartner of a fermion
particle (sparticle) of its associated fermion. Each particle has a superpartner with spin that differs by 1/2. Fermions in the SM have spin-1/2 and, therefore
Sfermion
Theory of quantum gravity merging quantum mechanics and general relativity
this endeavor is the fermion doubling problem, which arises when incorporating chiral fermions into the LQG framework. Chiral fermions, such as electrons
Loop_quantum_gravity
Subatomic particle
Magnetic monopole Majoron Majorana fermion Dark photon Preon Sterile neutrino Tachyon W′ and Z′ bosons X and Y bosons Composite Hadrons Baryons Nucleon Proton
Muon
Toy model in quantum field theory
Gross–Neveu model (GN) is a quantum field theory model of Dirac fermions interacting via a four-fermion interactions. It was introduced in 1974 by David Gross
Gross–Neveu_model
Tendency of matter subjected to an electric field to acquire an electric dipole moment
Magnetic monopole Majoron Majorana fermion Dark photon Preon Sterile neutrino Tachyon W′ and Z′ bosons X and Y bosons Composite Hadrons Baryons Nucleon Proton
Polarizability
Hypothetical model through which W and Z bosons acquire mass
acquires mass M ≈ g F . In 1973, Weinstein showed that composite Goldstone bosons whose constituent fermions transform in the "standard" way under SU(2) ⊗ U(1)
Technicolor_(physics)
Classification scheme for hadrons
Magnetic monopole Majoron Majorana fermion Dark photon Preon Sterile neutrino Tachyon W′ and Z′ bosons X and Y bosons Composite Hadrons Baryons Nucleon Proton
Eightfold_way_(physics)
Quasiparticle of mechanical vibrations
Magnetic monopole Majoron Majorana fermion Dark photon Preon Sterile neutrino Tachyon W′ and Z′ bosons X and Y bosons Composite Hadrons Baryons Nucleon Proton
Phonon
Hypothetical field that may have driven cosmic inflation
of other quantum particles’ names – such as photon, gluon, boson, and fermion – deriving from the word inflation. The term was first used in a paper
Inflaton
Exotic particle made of an antiproton and positron
Magnetic monopole Majoron Majorana fermion Dark photon Preon Sterile neutrino Tachyon W′ and Z′ bosons X and Y bosons Composite Hadrons Baryons Nucleon Proton
Antihydrogen
Generating function for quantum correlation functions
with Grassmann valued fermion fields, the sources are also Grassmann valued. For example, a theory with a single Dirac fermion ψ ( x ) {\displaystyle
Partition function (quantum field theory)
Partition_function_(quantum_field_theory)
Type of topological solutions in non-linear sigma models
Cat model) of the nucleon. The exact results for the duality between the fermion spectrum and the topological winding number of the non-linear sigma model
Skyrmion
Hypothetical particle in particle physics
eigenstates of a charged superpartner, i.e. any new electrically charged fermion (with spin 1/2) predicted by supersymmetry. They are linear combinations
Chargino
Value in quantum electrodynamics
contributions to the muon (g − 2) including QED corrections with twisted-mass fermions". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2017 (10): 157. arXiv:1707.03019. Bibcode:2017JHEP
Anomalous magnetic dipole moment
Anomalous_magnetic_dipole_moment
Predicted exotic atom
Magnetic monopole Majoron Majorana fermion Dark photon Preon Sterile neutrino Tachyon W′ and Z′ bosons X and Y bosons Composite Hadrons Baryons Nucleon Proton
True_muonium
Smallest unit of a chemical element
the neutron are classified as fermions. Fermions obey the Pauli exclusion principle which prohibits identical fermions, such as multiple protons, from
Atom
Type of quark
charm quark, charmed quark, or c quark is an elementary particle found in composite subatomic particles called hadrons such as the J/psi meson and the charmed
Charm_quark
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COMPOSITE FERMION
COMPOSITE FERMION
COMPOSITE FERMION
COMPOSITE FERMION
COMPOSITE FERMION
COMPOSITE FERMION
COMPOSITE FERMION
COMPOSITE FERMION
COMPOSITE FERMION
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