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Imposed cost or benefit in economics
taxes on the producers of the externality. However, since regulators do not always have all the information on the externality, it can be difficult to impose
Externality
A pecuniary externality occurs when the actions of an economic agent cause an increase or decrease in market prices separate from the impact of those
Pecuniary_externality
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up external in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. External may refer to: Externality, in economics, the cost or benefit that affects a party who did
External
Group of positions in the philosophy of mind
Externalism is a group of positions in the philosophy of mind which argues that the conscious mind is not only the result of what is going on inside the
Externalism
Liabilities owed to nonresidents by residents
A country's gross external debt (or foreign debt) is the liabilities that are owed to nonresidents by residents. The debtors can be governments, corporations
External_debt
Form of reproduction where fertilization occurs outside of the female's body
External fertilization is a mode of reproduction in which a male organism's sperm fertilizes a female organism's egg outside of the female's body. It is
External_fertilization
Person who audits an entity's financial statements and is independent of that entity
An external auditor performs an audit, in accordance with specific laws or rules, of the financial statements of a company, government entity, other legal
External_auditor
Part of a national economy
The external sector is the portion of a country's economy that interacts with the economies of other countries. In the goods market, the external sector
External_sector
Increasing value with increasing participation
In economics, a network effect (also called network externality or demand-side economies of scale) is the phenomenon by which the value or utility a user
Network_effect
Theorem in economics
solutions to internalize the externality: By applying the Coase theorem two possible solutions arise for internalizing this externality. These solutions can occur
Coase_theorem
Academic degree that can be earned remotely
An external degree is a degree offered by a university to students who have not been required to be physically present within the geographic territory
External_degree
Connection between computers or programs
An application programming interface (API) is a connection between computers or between computer programs. It is a type of software interface, offering
API
Structure that surrounds the sarcolemma of muscle cells
External lamina is a structure similar to basal lamina that surrounds the sarcolemma of muscle cells. It is secreted by myocytes and consists primarily
External_lamina
White matter structure of the brain
The external capsule is a series of white matter fiber tracts in the brain. These fibers run between the most lateral (toward the side of the head) segment
External_capsule
Orifice of the urethra
mee-AY-təs; pl.: meatus or meatuses), also known as the external urethral meatus or external urethral orifice, is the opening where urine exits the urethra
Urinary_meatus
Risks that are uncontrollable by the first party
External risks are generally something that is uncontrollable by the first party. In contract law, are risks that are produced by a non-human source and
External_risk
In fluid mechanics, external flow is a flow that boundary layers develop freely, without constraints imposed by adjacent surfaces. It can be defined as
External_flow
Gills set away from the body
External gills are the gills of an animal, most typically an amphibian, that are exposed to the environment, rather than set inside the pharynx and covered
External_gills
Behavior of projectiles in flight
External ballistics or exterior ballistics is the part of ballistics that deals with the behavior of a projectile in flight. It deals with projectiles
External_ballistics
Impacts of car use
many authors, a pure externality.[citation needed] Notwithstanding the above objections, some authors enumerate positive externalities for the automobile
Externalities_of_cars
Hyperlinks to resources on local or remote domains
opposite of an external link, a link that directs a user to content that is outside its domain. Hyperlinks are considered either "external" or "internal"
Internal_and_external_links
External inhibition is the observed decrease of the response of a conditioned reaction when an external (distracting) stimulus that was not part of the
External_inhibition
Goods whose value is given by desirability rather than quantity
consume positive amounts of these goods, neglecting to consider the externality on others. For public goods, an undersupply, for positional goods, it
Positional_good
Class of sorting algorithms that can handle massive amounts of data
External sorting is a class of sorting algorithms that can handle massive amounts of data. External sorting is required when the data being sorted do
External_sorting
Philosophical terms
Internalism and externalism are two opposite ways of integrating and explaining various subjects in several areas of philosophy. These include human motivation
Internalism_and_externalism
Surgical treatment procedure used to facilitate healing
External fixation is a surgical treatment wherein Kirschner pins and wires are inserted and affixed into bone and then exit the body to be attached to
External_fixation
Concept in the philosophy of language
semantic externalism (the opposite of semantic internalism) is the view that the meaning of a term is determined, in whole or in part, by factors external to
Semantic_externalism
Social and geopolitical history of a language
External history of a language refers to the social and geopolitical history of the language: migrations, conquests, language contact, and uses of the
External_history
Head of the Ministry of External Affairs
The Minister of External Affairs (or simply the External Affairs Minister; Hindi: Videsh Mantri) is the head of the Ministry of External Affairs of the
Minister of External Affairs (India)
Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)
Sub-field of economics
for in the market price. An externality can be positive or negative but is usually associated with negative externalities in environmental economics.
Environmental_economics
Biological part involved in sexual reproduction
epididymides, and penis. The outer parts are known as the genitals or external genitalia, visible at birth in both sexes, while the inner parts that are
Sex_organ
Tax on activity generating negative externalities
political reasons to directly tax the externality, policymakers might opt to tax a product related to the externality indirectly, which will be the second-best
Pigouvian_tax
Islamist movement and militant group based in Lebanon
counterintelligence service is divided into Amn al-Muddad, responsible for "external" or "encounter" security; and Amn al-Hizb, which protects the organisation's
Hezbollah
Topics referred to by the same term
Hidden cost may refer to: Externality, a cost or benefit to an uninvolved third party that arises as an effect of another party's (or parties') activity
Hidden_cost
Government strategy in relating with other nations
Foreign policy, also known as external policy, is the set of strategies and actions a state employs in its interactions with other states, unions, and
Foreign_policy
Electrical component or portion of a circuit that consumes electric power
An electrical load is an electrical component or portion of a circuit that consumes (active) electric power, such as electrical appliances and lights inside
Electrical_load
An external render is, in its most basic form, a coating applied to the walls of a building, to provide a protective coating which would prevent rain penetration
External_render
External reason for a medical condition
In medicine, an external cause is a reason for the existence of a medical condition which can be associated with a specific object or acute process that
External_cause
This is a list of countries by external debt: it is the total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in internationally accepted currencies
List of countries by external debt
List_of_countries_by_external_debt
Government ministry of Romania
(Romanian: Ministerul Afacerilor Externe) is the ministry responsible for external affairs of the Romanian Government. The current foreign minister is Oana
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)
Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Romania)
(41.6% of GDP) (October 2024) ∟External debt: ₱5.13 trillion ($88.47 billion) (19.6% of GDP) (October 2024) Gross external debt: $111.3 billion (27.5% of
National debt of the Philippines
National_debt_of_the_Philippines
Field of accounting
Financial accounting is a branch of accounting concerned with the summary, analysis and reporting of financial transactions related to a business. This
Financial_accounting
Turning force around an axis
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment.
Torque
English economist (1877–1959)
negative externalities. Pigou's most enduring contribution was The Economics of Welfare, 1920, in which he introduced the concept of externality and the
Arthur_Cecil_Pigou
Totality of existing entities
demands of external reality. Reality testing is another suggested psychological function in which individuals distinguish intrapsychic from external events
Reality
Medical intervention
External counterpulsation therapy (ECP) is a procedure that may be performed on individuals with angina, heart failure, or cardiomyopathy. The FDA approved
External_counterpulsation
Tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear
The ear canal (external acoustic meatus, external auditory meatus, EAM) is a pathway running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The adult human ear
Ear_canal
In the theory of capital structure, external financing is the phrase used to describe funds that firms obtain from outside of the firm. It is contrasted
External_financing
Extent to which the results of a study can be generalized
External validity is the validity of applying the conclusions of a scientific study outside the context of that study. In other words, it is the extent
External_validity
Type of semiconductor laser
A vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser (VECSEL) is a small semiconductor laser similar to a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL).
Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser
Vertical-external-cavity_surface-emitting-laser
Device for birth control and STI prevention
infection (STI). There are both external condoms, also called male condoms, and internal (female) condoms. The external condom is rolled onto an erect
Condom
animals. It is also known as the dorsal antebrachial cutaneous nerve, the external cutaneous branch of the musculospiral nerve, and the posterior antebrachial
Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm
Posterior_cutaneous_nerve_of_forearm
Electro-mechanical data storage device
March 2015[update], available capacities for external hard disk drives ranged from 500 GB to 10 TB. External hard disk drives are usually available as assembled
Hard_disk_drive
B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also References External links 3K is a gene-terrorist organization led by the Chairman and consisting
List of Marvel Comics teams and organizations
List_of_Marvel_Comics_teams_and_organizations
External genitalia of the female mammal
In mammals, the vulva (pl. vulvas or vulvae) comprises mostly external, visible structures of the female genitalia leading into the interior of the female
Vulva
Mathematical operation with two operands
In mathematics, a binary operation or dyadic operation is a kind of binary function, i.e. given a pair of input values (called operands), it produces an
Binary_operation
Concept in neoclassical economics
(MPC) + Marginal External Costs (MEC). Social costs can be of two types—Negative Production Externality and Positive Production Externality. Negative Production
Social_cost
The external examiner plays an important role in degree-level examinations in higher education in the United Kingdom. The external examiner system originated
External_examiner
Economic view of human attention as a commodity
advertising) as a form of pollution or 'detrimental externality'. In economics, an externality is a by-product of a production process that imposes burdens
Attention_economy
Connective tissue between the ribs
Unlike the other two intercostal muscles, the external intercostal muscle does not retain its muscular character all the way to the sternum, and so the
External_intercostal_membrane
Concept in economics
generating the public bad do not account for the negative effects (or externality) imposed on others. One possibility to mitigate the existence of public
Public_bad
Concept in psychology
in others' use of the internal-versus-external construct. Rotter (1975) cautioned that internality and externality represent two ends of a continuum, not
Locus_of_control
Rib muscle
The external intercostal muscles or external intercostals (intercostales externi) are eleven in number on both sides. The muscles extend from the tubercles
External_intercostal_muscles
National subdivisions and second level of government of Australia.
seven federal territories are offshore dependent territories known as external territories: the Ashmore and Cartier Islands, the Australian Antarctic
States and territories of Australia
States_and_territories_of_Australia
Data storage outside a computer's own hardware
In computing, external storage refers to non-volatile (secondary) data storage outside a computer's own internal hardware, and thus can be readily disconnected
External_storage
The intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (external dorsal cutaneous branch) is the smaller[citation needed] and more lateral one of the two terminal branches
Intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve
Intermediate_dorsal_cutaneous_nerve
Topics referred to by the same term
External Affairs may refer to: Ministry of External Affairs (Andorra) Ministry of External Affairs and Defence, Ceylon (former) Ministry of External Affairs
Ministry_of_External_Affairs
Extended part of an animal's mouth
A snout is the protruding portion of an animal's face, consisting of its nose, mouth, and jaw. In many animals, the structure is called a muzzle, rostrum
Snout
Branch of economics
research and analysis. Congestion is considered a negative externality by economists. An externality occurs when a transaction causes costs or benefits to
Transport_economics
Concept in economics
minus any externalities or consumer surpluses that occur in its activity. An externality including positive externality and negative externality is an effect
Profit_(economics)
Cardinal who is not a member of the Roman Curia
College of Cardinals in the central Middle Ages (11th to 13th century), an external cardinal (as opposed to a "curial cardinal") was a cardinal of the Holy
External_cardinal
Blood vessels of the pelvis
The external pudendal veins (deep pudendal and superficial pudendal) are veins of the pelvis which drain into the great saphenous and femoral veins. Anterior
External_pudendal_veins
Foreign currency loans from non-resident Indians to Indians
External commercial borrowing (ECBs) are loans in India made by non-resident lenders in foreign currency to Indian borrowers. They are used widely in India
External_commercial_borrowing
Blood vessel
The cremasteric artery (external spermatic artery) is a branch of the inferior epigastric artery which accompanies the spermatic cord to supply the cremaster
Cremasteric_artery
Internet error message
404s on websites. One way around this is to find 404 errors by analyzing external links. One of the most effective ways to discover 404 errors is by using
HTTP_404
Adverse environmental contamination
causes air pollution is an example of a negative externality in production. A negative externality in production occurs "when a firm's production reduces
Pollution
It was established on 3 October 1919 under the "External Affairs Bill" as the Department of External Affairs. In 1943, the department was renamed the
Department of Island Territories
Department_of_Island_Territories
Medical condition
External compression headache is caused by any type of headwear. This includes headwear that places pressure on the head — including tight hats, helmets
External_compression_headache
Structured Query Language standard
The SQL/MED ("Management of External Data") extension to the SQL standard is defined by ISO/IEC 9075-9:2008 (originally defined for SQL:2003). SQL/MED
SQL/MED
Surgical implant
In cardiac surgery and vascular surgery, external support (or external stent) is a type of scaffold made of metal or plastic material that is inserted
External_support
Group of arteries
include the internal pudendal artery, the superficial external pudendal artery, and the deep external pudendal artery. The internal pudendal artery branches
Pudendal_arteries
Phylum of invertebrates with jointed exoskeletons
rather than by direct injection. Aquatic species use either internal or external fertilization. Almost all arthropods lay eggs, with many species giving
Arthropod
Mixture of two or more immiscible liquids
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable) owing to liquid-liquid phase separation. Emulsions
Emulsion
An external massif is, in the geology of the Alps, a place where crystalline rocks of the European plate crop out. Such massifs are found north and west
External_massif
Structure at the rear of the vertebrate brain, beneath the cerebrum
proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (CGNPs) in the external granule layer (EGL). Cerebellar development occurs during late embryogenesis
Cerebellum
compounds. Contents A B C Ca–Cu D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z External links C C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C15 C20 Webelements Landolt Börnstein
Glossary_of_chemical_formulae
Non-functional RNA
External transcribed spacer (ETS) refers to a piece of non-functional RNA, closely related to the internal transcribed spacer, which is situated outside
External_transcribed_spacer
Terminal branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve
The external nasal nerve is the terminal sensory branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve. It emerges between the nasal bone and the lateral nasal cartilage
External_nasal_nerve
Ligament connecting the zygomatic arch to the mandible
The temporomandibular ligament, also known as the external lateral ligament, is a ligament that connects the lower articular tubercle of the zygomatic
Temporomandibular_ligament
Topics referred to by the same term
External pterygoid can refer to: Lateral pterygoid muscle (external pterygoid muscle) Lateral pterygoid nerve (external pterygoid nerve) Marcus Gunn phenomenon
External_pterygoid
Ligament of the ankle
The lateral talocalcaneal ligament (external calcaneo-astragaloid ligament) is a ligament in the ankle. It is a short, strong fasciculus, passing from
Lateral talocalcaneal ligament
Lateral_talocalcaneal_ligament
Bacterial infection of the inner layers of the skin called the dermis
ICD-10: L03 ICD-9-CM: 682.9 MeSH: D002481 DiseasesDB: 29806 SNOMED CT: 128045006 External resources MedlinePlus: 000855 eMedicine: med/310 emerg/88 derm/464
Cellulitis
Property of animals that do not use self-locomotion
animals do not have natural motility, and are immobile unless there are external forces (such as water currents). Usually, sessile animals are permanently
Sessility_(motility)
Blood vessel
The superficial external pudendal artery (superficial external pudic artery) is one of the three pudendal arteries. It arises from the medial side of the
Superficial external pudendal artery
Superficial_external_pudendal_artery
Region of the hair follicle
The outer root sheath or external root sheath of the hair follicle encloses the inner root sheath and hair shaft. It is continuous with the basal layer
Outer_root_sheath
Military and covert operations conducted outside Iran
Iranian external operations refer to the activities conducted by the Islamic Republic of Iran in foreign countries since the 1979 Islamic Revolution. These
Iranian_external_operations
Brand of polymer-framed semi-automatic pistols
drop safety. These mechanisms prevent accidental discharge without an external on-off switch. The pistols are also noted for their high magazine capacity
Glock
Topics referred to by the same term
The term external memory is used with different meanings in different fields: For the use of the term in psychology, see external memory (psychology) For
External_memory
Groove in the brain's temporal lobe
to the parahippocampal gyrus, with a corresponding internal furrow, the external rhinal sulcus (or rhinal fissure). The rhinal sulcus separates the parahippocampal
Rhinal_sulcus
Anti-individualism (also known as content externalism) is an approach to linguistic meaning in philosophy, the philosophy of psychology, and linguistics
Anti-individualism
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