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In optical communications, intensity modulation (IM) is a form of modulation in which the optical power output of a source is varied in accordance with
Intensity_modulation
Method for converting signals between digital and analog
Delta-sigma (ΔΣ; or sigma-delta, ΣΔ) modulation is an oversampling method for encoding signals into low bit depth digital signals at a very high sample-frequency
Delta-sigma_modulation
Light-sensitive material used in making electronics
(KPR) Modulation transfer function MTF (modulation transfer function is the ratio of image intensity modulation and object intensity modulation and it
Photoresist
Nuclear fusion reaction
rotates, moving the brighter burning region in and out of view. This intensity modulation allows the rotational frequency to be measured, sometimes up to 300
Triple-alpha_process
Representation of a signal as a rectangular wave with varying duty cycle
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), also known as pulse-duration modulation (PDM) or pulse-length modulation (PLM), is any method of representing a signal as
Pulse-width_modulation
Concept in the psychophysics of vision
frequency of the modulation; the amplitude or depth of the modulation (i.e., what is the maximum percent decrease in the illumination intensity from its peak
Flicker_fusion_threshold
Use of light in the visible spectrum as a telecommunication medium
that for data transmission uses visible light, and does not use intensity modulation of optical sources. The idea is to use vibration generator instead
Visible_light_communication
Global electromagnetic resonances, generated and excited by lightning discharges
of Schumann resonances in California and Australia – Evidence for intensity modulation by the local height of the D region". Journal of Geophysical Research
Schumann_resonances
Optoelectronics component
competition among several lasing modes. Intensity modulation of SLEDs can be easily achieved through direct modulation of the bias current. SLED modules do
Superluminescent_diode
create IMRT distributions (MLCs really provide a fluence modulation rather than intensity modulation). The MLC is an important tool for radiation therapy
Multileaf_collimator
Measurement technique
approximation for a light emitting diode (LED). The corresponding intensity modulation is shown to be substantial only in the neighborhood of position z0
White_light_interferometry
Characteristic of an optical system
imaging contrast. Its magnitude is the image contrast of the harmonic intensity pattern, 1 + cos ( 2 π ν ⋅ x ) {\displaystyle 1+\cos(2\pi \nu \cdot
Optical_transfer_function
Type of optical device
modulate a beam of light. The modulation may be imposed on the phase, frequency, amplitude, or polarization of the beam. Modulation bandwidths extending into
Electro-optic_modulator
dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) applications with intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD), the effect of XPM is a two step process:
Cross-phase_modulation
Form of signal modulation
driver modulation techniques such as pulse-width modulation (PWM) as the forward current passing through an LED is relative to the intensity of the light
Pulse-amplitude_modulation
light modulation at relatively low frequencies (< 80 Hz) and small intensity modulation levels. Stroboscopic effect may become visible for a person when
Temporal_light_artefacts
Treatment of cancer with ionized radiation
tissue being irradiated in the treatment field. In some systems, this intensity modulation is achieved by moving the leaves in the MLC during the course of
External_beam_radiotherapy
Whistled language
on new materials that showed that not only gliding tones but also intensity modulation plays a role in distinguishing Silbo's sounds. Trujillo's 2005 collaboration
Silbo_Gomero
Nonlinear optical effect of light-matter interaction
Self-phase modulation (SPM) is a nonlinear optical effect of light–matter interaction. An ultrashort pulse of light, when travelling in a medium, will
Self-phase_modulation
Use of light to convey information
signal encoding is typically simple intensity modulation, although historically optical phase and frequency modulation have been demonstrated in the lab
Optical_communication
Range 300-3000 GHz of the electromagnetic spectrum
; Suzuki, S.; Asada, M.; Nishiyama, N.; Arai, S. (2012). "Direct intensity modulation and wireless data transmission characteristics of terahertz-oscillating
Terahertz_radiation
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
stream cipher by the Yuen 2000 protocol: Design and experiment by an intensity-modulation scheme". Physical Review A. 72 (2) 022335. arXiv:quant-ph/0507043
Quantum_cryptography
1977 narrowband radio signal from SETI
although any modulation with a period of less than 10 seconds or longer than 72 seconds would not have been detectable. The signal intensity was measured
Wow!_signal
Sensor that can create 3D scans using visible light
deductions of this method relied on stripes with a sine wave shaped intensity modulation, but the methods work with "rectangular" modulated stripes, as delivered
Structured-light_3D_scanner
Type of plane partition
(2017-01-01). "Quantitative shadowgraphy and proton radiography for large intensity modulations". Physical Review E. 95 (2) 023306. arXiv:1607.04179. Bibcode:2017PhRvE
Voronoi_diagram
fluorescence intensity, wavelength, and lifetime, the fourth dimension of fluorescence—polarization—can also provide intensity modulation without the restriction
Super-resolution dipole orientation mapping
Super-resolution_dipole_orientation_mapping
Flat, usually circular disc that encodes binary data
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) 4.7–17 GB 1995–present LIMDOW (Laser Intensity Modulation Direct OverWrite) 2.6 GB 10 GB 1996–present GD-ROM 1.2 GB 1997–2006
Optical_disc
result of the change in refractive index in the active region during intensity modulation. It is possible to evaluate the shift in wavelength by determining
Laser_diode_rate_equations
second grating translates the phase changes into an intensity modulation. By rapid phase modulation of one of the arms using a liquid crystal element,
Grating-coupled interferometry
Grating-coupled_interferometry
Fricke dosimeter prepared using a gelling agent
gel measurement of dose homogeneity in the breast: comparing MLC intensity modulation with standard wedged delivery Phys Med Biol 48 1065-74 Vergote K
Gel_dosimetry
Measure of speech transmission quality
low-frequency signals. The STIPA signal contains such intensity modulations at 14 different modulation frequencies, spread across 7 octave bands. At the receiving
Speech_transmission_index
Enhanced DWDM
transmission networks, compared to the historical modulation and detection technique, Intensity Modulation with Direct Detection (sometimes referred to as
Super-channel
Device which creates images with lasers
blanking, intensity control, and color selection of a multi-color laser beam. Most DPSS lasers used in laser projectors support modulation. Modulation has to
Laser_projector
Phenomenon whereby deviations from a periodic waveform are reinforced by nonlinearity
In the fields of nonlinear optics and fluid dynamics, modulational instability or sideband instability is a phenomenon whereby deviations from a periodic
Modulational_instability
Device that emites acoustic radiation
optical properties near the absorption edge, which are useful for intensity modulation and optical switching. Namely, in a mathematical point of view, if
Sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Sound_amplification_by_stimulated_emission_of_radiation
Fluctuations in the luminance of a light
type of light regulation technology applied (e.g. pulse-width modulation). If the modulation frequency is below the flicker fusion threshold and if the magnitude
Flicker_(light)
transmission mode of the cavity to intensity modulation, which would deteriorate the detectability by the introduction of intensity noise. This is referred to
Noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy
Noise-immune_cavity-enhanced_optical_heterodyne_molecular_spectroscopy
High-energy particle, mainly originating outside the Solar System
sources distributed over the celestial sphere. Solar modulation theory explains how the intensity of cosmic rays changes as they travel through the heliosphere
Cosmic_ray
Device which diffracts light via sound waves
They are used in lasers for Q-switching, telecommunications for signal modulation, and in spectroscopy for frequency control. A piezoelectric transducer
Acousto-optic_modulator
Wireless communication technology using visible light
electric voltage in an antenna to transmit data, Li-Fi uses the modulation of light intensity. Li-Fi is able to function in areas otherwise susceptible to
Li-Fi
Study of optimal transportation and allocation of resources
2017). "Quantitative shadowgraphy and proton radiography for large intensity modulations". Physical Review E. 95 (2) 023306. arXiv:1607.04179. Bibcode:2017PhRvE
Transportation theory (mathematics)
Transportation_theory_(mathematics)
to obtain modulation is modulation of intensity of a light by the current driving the light source (laser diode). This sort of modulation is called direct
Optical modulators using semiconductor nano-structures
Optical_modulators_using_semiconductor_nano-structures
Ratio of the desired signal to the background noise
where W is the bandwidth and k a {\displaystyle k_{a}} is modulation index Output signal-to-noise ratio (of AM receiver) is given by ( S N
Signal-to-noise_ratio
Medical physicist
radiation therapy, intensity modulation radiation therapy, and in the 2000s, proton therapy. His research activities include intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Radhe_Mohan
Technique to study materials that have unpaired electrons
signals with the same modulation (100 kHz) are detected. This results in higher signal to noise ratios. Note field modulation is unique to continuous
Electron paramagnetic resonance
Electron_paramagnetic_resonance
Optical microscopy technique
Hoffman modulation contrast microscopy (HMC microscopy) is an optical microscopy technique for enhancing the contrast in unstained biological specimens
Hoffman modulation contrast microscopy
Hoffman_modulation_contrast_microscopy
Substance that binds to a receptor to change its response to stimuli
stabilize one of the normal configurations of a receptor. In practice, modulation can be complicated. A modulator may function as a partial agonist, meaning
Allosteric_modulator
Insertion gain – Insertion loss – Inside plant – Integrated circuit – Intensity modulation – Intentional radiator – Intercept – Interchange circuit – Intercharacter
Index_of_electronics_articles
Way to produce very short laser bursts
fluctuations in intensity; in lasers with many thousands of modes, these interference effects tend to average to a near-constant output intensity. If instead
Mode_locking
Visual phenomenon
regulation technologies. Another cause of light modulations may be lamps with unfiltered pulse-width modulation type external dimmers. Whether this is so may
Stroboscopic_effect
Semiconductor light source
practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest LEDs emitted low-intensity infrared (IR) light. Infrared LEDs are used in remote-control circuits
Light-emitting_diode
Color model based on red, green and blue
spectrum of zero intensity: black. Zero intensity for each component gives the darkest color (no light, considered the black), and full intensity of each gives
RGB_color_model
Technique for measuring chemical composition of a gas
path of the laser beam. This causes a reduction of the measured signal intensity due to absorption, which can be detected by a photodiode, and then used
Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy
Tunable_diode_laser_absorption_spectroscopy
Taiwanese-American physicist
wave turbulence can spontaneously generate coherent zonal flows via intensity-modulation interactions, resulting in turbulence self-regulation. This nonlinear
Liu_Chen_(physicist)
Indian American materials scientist
of a new patented fiber-optic sensor design. The sensor, based on intensity modulation in optical fiber through a curved section, is capable of measuring
Nikhil_Gupta
Light-stabilizing technique
standards, many of which also use related techniques such as frequency modulation spectroscopy. Named after R. V. Pound, Ronald Drever, and John L. Hall
Pound–Drever–Hall_technique
Frequencies or wavelengths that can pass through a filter
demodulator is used to detect the signal and reverse the modulation process. A combined equipment for modulation and demodulation is called a modem. In general
Passband
Use of radio waves for communication
modulation methods: Amplitude modulation (AM) – in an AM transmitter, the amplitude (strength) of the radio carrier wave is varied by the modulation signal;
Radio
Cyclone strength measure
The maximum potential intensity of a tropical cyclone is the theoretical limit of the strength of a tropical cyclone. Due to surface friction, the inflow
Maximum_potential_intensity
Charge modulation spectroscopy is an electro-optical spectroscopy technique tool. It is used to study the charge carrier behavior of organic field-effect
Charge modulation spectroscopy
Charge_modulation_spectroscopy
Standard for MIDI-based music synthesizers
called "Sound Controllers 1–10": Registered Parameter Numbers (RPNs) Modulation Depth Range (Vibrato Depth Range) Universal SysEx messages Master Volume
General_MIDI
Signal used to represent data as a sequence of discrete values
signal may be stored, processed or transmitted physically as a pulse-code modulation (PCM) signal. In digital communications, a digital signal is a continuous-time
Digital_signal
Change in refractive index of a material in response to an applied electric field
for the nonlinear optical effects of self-focusing, self-phase modulation and modulational instability, and is the basis for Kerr-lens modelocking. This
Kerr_effect
Regulation of enzyme activity
analyzed with the allostery landscape model.[citation needed] Allosteric modulation is used to alter the activity of molecules and enzymes in biochemistry
Allosteric_regulation
Type of device
obtain modulation of intensity of a light beam is to modulate the current driving the light source, e.g. a laser diode. This sort of modulation is called
Optical_modulator
Automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus
behavior in both vertebrates and invertebrates. A good example of reflex modulation is the stretch reflex. When a muscle is stretched at rest, the stretch
Reflex
Purposeful modulation of nervous system activity
Neurostimulation is the purposeful modulation of the nervous system's activity using invasive (e.g., microelectrodes) or non-invasive means (e.g., transcranial
Neurostimulation
Branch of physics
that studies the case when optical properties of matter depend on the intensity of the input light. Nonlinear phenomena become relevant only when the
Nonlinear_optics
Type of wavefront sensor
the intensity distribution among the pupils will change. The local wavefront gradients can be obtained by recording the distribution of intensity in the
Pyramid_wavefront_sensor
Oncologist (b. 1958)
Guan, Changjiang; Han, Wei; Che, Yebin; Fu, Qiang (2012-05-20). "Intensity modulation of chemoimmunotherapy for late stages of liver carcinoma". Journal
Yu_Baofa
Imaging technique based on fluorescence
erroneous measurements in fluorescence intensity due to change in brightness of the light source, background light intensity or limited photo-bleaching. This
Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy
Fluorescence-lifetime_imaging_microscopy
Quantum states light can be in
Amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) are the classical means to imprint information on a carrier field. (Frequency modulation is mathematically
Squeezed_states_of_light
ExtremeTech. Retrieved 2021-10-02. Ishigaki, K.; et al. (2012). "Direct intensity modulation and wireless data transmission characteristics of terahertz-oscillating
2012_in_science
Device used for modulating a laser beam
telecommunications, small size and modulation voltages are desired. The EAM is candidate for use in external modulation links in telecommunications. These
Electro-absorption_modulator
Optical device
A spatial light modulator (SLM) is a device that can control the intensity, phase, or polarization of light in a spatially varying manner. A simple example
Spatial_light_modulator
Steady periodic sound in music
include aperiodic aspects, such as attack transients, vibrato, and envelope modulation. A simple tone, or pure tone, has a sinusoidal waveform. A complex tone
Musical_tone
All-optical regenerator used in optical communications
evolution in the regenerator is the self-phase modulation that broadens the spectrum in proportion to the intensity of the initial optical pulse. Combined with
Mamyshev_2R_regenerator
Non-linear optical imaging modality
nonlinear process: fluorescent output intensity is proportional to the square of the excitation light intensity. This ensures that fluorescence is only
Pump–probe_microscopy
Quasielastic neutron scattering technique
spectrometers to resolve narrow linewidth of excitations or MIEZE (Modulation of IntEnsity with Zero Effort) for depolarizing conditions and incoherent scattering
Neutron_resonance_spin_echo
Image transmission over radio
between 1,500 and 2,300 Hz, corresponding to the intensity (brightness) of the color component. The modulation is analog, so even though the horizontal resolution
Slow-scan_television
Polyphonic multi-orchestral synthesizer
also offers a flanger effect along with a joystick for pitch bending and modulation. In 1982, the enhanced MkII version was introduced, offering additional
Korg_Trident
Therapeutic technique
frequency, and intensity. Generally, TENS is applied at high frequency (>50 Hz) with an intensity below motor contraction (sensory intensity) or low frequency
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Transcutaneous_electrical_nerve_stimulation
Psychophysiological response to rewarding auditory or visual stimuli
loud passages of music and passages—such as appoggiaturas and sudden modulation—that violate some level of musical expectation. While frisson is usually
Frisson
Visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies of a signal as it varies with time
spectrogram is usually depicted as a heat map, i.e., as an image with the intensity shown by varying the colour or brightness. A common format is a graph
Spectrogram
Technique of swishing carbohydrate solution to improve athletic performance
brain regions associated with reward, arousal, motor control, and pain modulation. Although the rinse does not provide metabolic energy, the presence of
Carbohydrate_mouth_rinsing
Guidance system for a landing aircraft
operation is a concept known as the amplitude modulation index, a measure of how strongly the amplitude modulation is applied to the carrier frequency. In the
Instrument_landing_system
Sound transmission method
through. The air within the beam behaves nonlinearly and extracts the modulation signal from the ultrasound, resulting in sound that can be heard only
Sound_from_ultrasound
Electronic device that alters audio
wah-wah pedals and graphic equalizers, which modify frequency ranges, modulation effects, such as chorus, flangers and phasers, pitch effects, such as
Effects_unit
Interpretation of sensory information
TA, Neske GT, Connors BW, Burwell RD (September 2015). "Bidirectional Modulation of Recognition Memory". The Journal of Neuroscience. 35 (39): 13323–35
Perception
Nucleus surrounding the cerebral aqueduct
threatening stimuli. PAG is also the primary control center for descending pain modulation. It has enkephalin-producing cells that suppress pain. The periaqueductal
Periaqueductal_gray
Laser source with equal intervals of spectral lines
mechanisms exist for obtaining an optical frequency comb, including periodic modulation (in amplitude and/or phase) of a continuous-wave laser, four-wave mixing
Frequency_comb
American space physicist
recovery of cosmic ray intensity in the outer heliosphere was markedly less complete than at 1 AU, indicating a long-lasting modulation effect in the distant
James_Van_Allen
Distortion of laser beams in media
Jayachandra (December 23, 2023). "Demonstration of spatial self phase modulation based photonic diode functionality in MoS2/h-BN medium". Materials Science
Thermal_blooming
Measure of change in a periodic variable
electromagnetic radiation; the intensity of the radiation (amplitude modulation) or the frequency of the radiation (frequency modulation) is oscillated and then
Amplitude
Accessory device for motorcycles
intensity 50-70% of the time. United States and Canadian regulations require headlight modulators to include a light sensor that disables modulation when
Motorcycle_headlamp_modulator
Cosmic rays inside the heliosphere
pre-acceleration of pickup ions in the inner heliosphere. Solar modulation theory explains how the intensity of cosmic rays changes as they travel through the heliosphere
Anomalous_cosmic_ray
Interdisciplinary approach for easing pain
perform ADLs) This pain scale is based on a person reporting their pain intensity, with zero representing no pain experienced and 10 indicating the worst
Pain_management
Measurement device used in telecommunications
Sound-in-Syncs Zweikanalton Modulation Frequency modulation Quadrature amplitude modulation Vestigial sideband modulation (VSB) Transmission Amplifiers
Field_strength_meter
Microscopic optical resolution test device
resolution of the system. An analytical characterization of resolution as the modulation transfer function is available by plotting the observed image contrast
1951 USAF resolution test chart
1951_USAF_resolution_test_chart
Smoothing filler for images
smoothing filter for images. It replaces the intensity of each pixel with a weighted average of intensity values from nearby pixels. This weight can be
Bilateral_filter
INTENSITY MODULATION
INTENSITY MODULATION
Boy/Male
Muslim
Young gazelle, Integrity of conduct
Girl/Female
Indian
Trust; Integrity
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Integrity and Virtuous
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Honesty; Sincerity; Integrity
Biblical
integrity; truth; a nurse
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Soundness; Integrity; Safety
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Soundness; Integrity
Girl/Female
Biblical
Integrity, truth, a nurse.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Soundness. Integrity.
Boy/Male
Korean
Integrity returns.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Young gazelle, Integrity of conduct
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Ability; Ingenuity; Intellect; Wit
Boy/Male
Arabic
Soundness; Integrity
Boy/Male
Korean
Eastern integrity.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Integrity of conduct maturity
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Soundness integrity
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, Bengali, Indian, Malayalam, Muslim, Pashtun, Punjabi, Sikh, Telugu
Conscience; Integrity
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Integrity and Virtuous
Boy/Male
Korean
Integrity lasts.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Integrity and virtuous
INTENSITY MODULATION
INTENSITY MODULATION
Girl/Female
Muslim
Sixth month
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Distilling Nectar; Moon
Boy/Male
Arabic, British, Indian
Success; Love
Girl/Female
Tamil
Samriddha | ஸமà¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯à®¤à®¾Â
One who has everything, Prosperity
Boy/Male
Tamil
Mahapurusha | மஹாபà¯à®°à¯à®·
Great being
Girl/Female
Tamil
Karna Priya | கரà¯à®¨à®¾à®ªà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾
Sweet to the ears
Girl/Female
Australian, Finnish
Holy; Blessed
Male
Hebrew
Variant form of Hebrew Channiy'el, HANAEL means "favored of God."Â
Boy/Male
German
Courage of a Bear
Girl/Female
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Swedish
Gentle Adviser; Gentle Strength
INTENSITY MODULATION
INTENSITY MODULATION
INTENSITY MODULATION
INTENSITY MODULATION
INTENSITY MODULATION
a.
Increasing the force or intensity of; intensive; as, the intensitive words of a sentence.
n.
The magnitude of a distributed force, as pressure, stress, weight, etc., per unit of surface, or of volume, as the case may be; as, the measure of the intensity of a total stress of forty pounds which is distributed uniformly over a surface of four square inches area is ten pounds per square inch.
n.
The state or quality of being entire or complete; wholeness; entireness; unbroken state; as, the integrity of an empire or territory.
a.
Stretched; admitting of intension, or increase of degree; that can be intensified.
n.
The degree or depth of shade in a picture.
n.
The state or quality of being intense; intenseness; extreme degree; as, intensity of heat, cold, mental application, passion, etc.
n.
The amount or degree of energy with which a force operates or a cause acts; effectiveness, as estimated by results produced.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Intensify
a.
Serving to give force or emphasis; as, an intensive verb or preposition.
n.
A straining, stretching, or bending; the state of being strained; as, the intension of a musical string.
n.
Diminution of intensity; abatement; relaxation.
n.
Ingenuity.
n.
That which intensifies or emphasizes; an intensive verb or word.
n.
The quality or state of being intensive; intensity.
a.
Adding intensity; intensifying.
n.
Curiousness, or cleverness in design or contrivance; as, the ingenuity of a plan, or of mechanism.
imp. & p. p.
of Intensify
adv.
To an extreme degree; as, weather intensely cold.
v. t.
To intensify.
v. t.
To render more intense; as, to intensify heat or cold; to intensify colors; to intensify a photographic negative; to intensify animosity.